treatments-xml/data/03/B0/87/03B087F5FF9BD628D5109AD90720FA1F.xml

<document id="3B0604480ACEF305CFEFC777F3913BB0" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a2" ID-ISSN="1776-0984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12216094" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1719010295632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Roy, Surajit, Radhakrishnan, Cheran, Taylor, Jonathan C., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S. &amp; Karthick, Balasubramanian" docDate="2020" docId="03B087F5FF9BD628D5109AD90720FA1F" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieAlgologie.41.2.7-17.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2020v41a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308.6:CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308" docStyleName="CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Encyonema keshrii S. Roy, C. Radhakrishnan, J. C. Taylor, Kulikovskiy &amp; B. Karthick 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FF89FF8DFF9DD622D66B9C2B0653FFD2" masterDocTitle="Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: a new diatom species (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) from the Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1719022552529" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5045C03CF81A0A9FF37D9CB25E4E8FE9">Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: a new diatom species (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae) from the Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB6B56D752F702670D07D797C1A40A2B">Radhakrishnan, Cheran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E25B1D35361FD8A13239A008D3D826D5">Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra (India) and Affiliated to Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune, Ganeshkind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra (India)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC033648D0E0A33FF74D3B7DE329D02C">Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520 (South Africa) and South Africa Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown 6140 (South Africa)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B8C475C9E6DD9489226718AD584D772C">Karthick, Balasubramanian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F0DEF128C750DC7172479270B5EED959">Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra (India) and Affiliated to Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule University of Pune, Ganeshkind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra (India) karthickbala @ aripune. org (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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S.Roy, C.Radhakrishnan, J.C.Taylor, Kulikovskiy &amp; B.Karthick
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, 
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(
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. — Slide no. #24-73 from sample no. #1187 (
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here designated, illustrated in 
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(locally known as Masilla Aruvi), 
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(
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. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF9AD625D4099B8004AEF86F" authorityName="Roy &amp; Radhakrishnan &amp; Taylor &amp; Kulikovskiy &amp; Karthick" authorityYear="2020" box="[610,765,1963,1981]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="keshrii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF9AD625D4099B8004AEF86F" box="[610,765,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">Encyonema keshrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E578AFF9AD625D56D9B800518F86F" box="[774,843,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF9AD625D53A9B80050DF86F" bold="true" box="[849,862,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
, dorsal side; 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF9AD625D5A79B80058AF86F" bold="true" box="[972,985,1963,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF9AD625D69C9BEA0756F801" bold="true" box="[247,261,1985,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF9AD625D2639BEA0245F801" bold="true" box="[1032,1046,1985,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF66666BFF95D62AD6EF9B3C07EDF892" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12216104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216104/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" startId="8.[132,143,1815,1833]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1773]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF95D62AD6EF9B3C07EDF892" blockId="8.[132,1456,1815,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF95D62AD6EF9B3C06CEF8FA" baselines="1828,1829" box="[132,157,1815,1833]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 5. — Light microscopy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF95D62AD7159B3C0449F8FB" authorityName="Roy &amp; Radhakrishnan &amp; Taylor &amp; Kulikovskiy &amp; Karthick" authorityYear="2020" box="[382,538,1815,1833]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="keshrii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF95D62AD7159B3C0449F8FB" box="[382,538,1815,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">Encyonema keshrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E578AFF95D62AD44F9B3C0439F8FB" box="[548,618,1815,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, represented from the Sharavathi River sample: 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF95D62AD5939B3C024EF8FB" bold="true" box="[1016,1053,1815,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">A -M</emphasis>
, valve views showing the size diminution series; 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF95D62AD6EF9B0506C1F892" bold="true" box="[132,146,1838,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">N</emphasis>
, girdle view. Scale bar: A-N, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF95D62AD6EF9BF90473F838" blockId="8.[132,544,2002,2026]" box="[132,544,2002,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">HABITAT. — Epiphytic in lotic freshwater.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3036568FF95D62AD5469B42058CF838" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF95D62AD5469B42058CF838" blockId="8.[813,1455,1896,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF95D62AD5469B4205FFF8AD" baselines="1914,1915" box="[813,940,1897,1920]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is dedicated to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF95D62AD3779B43023CF849" authority="Phycologist Prof. Jai Prakash Keshri" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian Phycologist Prof. Jai Prakash Keshri</taxonomicName>
(The University of Burdwan, 
<collectingRegion id="49DDF801FF95D62AD5469BB505E2F867" box="[813,945,1949,1973]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30E7673FF95D62AD5D69BB605A6F867" box="[957,1013,1949,1973]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
) whose contribution to 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF95D62AD29E9BB6036AF867" box="[1269,1337,1949,1973]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
phycological research is hereby acknowledged and who was the Ph.D. supervisor of SR.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF66666BFF94D62BD6ED9963040AFAA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12216106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216106/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" startId="9.[134,143,1352,1370]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1318]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6ED9963040AFAA3" blockId="9.[132,1457,1352,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD6ED996306CEFA8B" baselines="1365,1366" box="[134,157,1352,1370]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 6. — Scanning electron micrographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF94D62BD795996304CFFA88" authorityName="Roy &amp; Radhakrishnan &amp; Taylor &amp; Kulikovskiy &amp; Karthick" authorityYear="2020" box="[510,668,1352,1370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="keshrii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD795996304CFFA88" box="[510,668,1352,1370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Encyonema keshrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E578AFF94D62BD4C3996304BCFA88" box="[680,751,1352,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, represented from the Sharavathi River sample: 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD2E0996302FEFA88" bold="true" box="[1163,1197,1352,1370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">A -C</emphasis>
, valve exterior ultrastructures; 
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD6EF997406F7FAA3" bold="true" box="[132,164,1375,1393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">D -F</emphasis>
, valve interior ultrastructures. Scale bars: A-F, 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3036568FF94D62BD6EF99BF055BF8CB" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6EF99BF07C9F9E2" blockId="9.[131,777,1427,1584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD6EF99BF06B4FA78" baselines="1445,1446" box="[132,231,1428,1451]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">ECOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD69B99B20748FA78" baselines="1446" box="[240,283,1433,1450]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD74F99B207E7FA78" baselines="1446" box="[292,436,1433,1450]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is known from the Eastern Ghats (Masilla Waterfalls, Kolli Hills 
<collectingRegion id="49DDF801FF94D62BD414998504ADFA14" box="[639,766,1454,1478]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
), the Western Ghats (Sharavathi River at Padambile village near Jog Falls, 
<collectingRegion id="49DDF801FF94D62BD6D299C8074EFA29" box="[185,285,1507,1531]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
) and the Eastern Himalayas (stream near Nongstoin Town, 
<collectingRegion id="49DDF801FF94D62BD6AE99D60760F9C7" box="[197,307,1533,1557]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
). Across all the sites, it occurs in low conductivity and oligotrophic conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6EF9A62055BF8CB" blockId="9.[131,776,1607,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD6EF9A6206ACF98C" baselines="1627,1626" box="[132,255,1609,1633]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Additional" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">ADDITIONAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D40A03FFF94D62BD76C9A660730F98C" baselines="1626" box="[263,355,1613,1630]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. — 
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD7F99A6C079FF98D" box="[402,460,1607,1631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1815,1833]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[132,1455,215,1773]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Light microscopy of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov., represented from the Sharavathi River sample: A-M, valve views showing the size diminution series; N, girdle view. Scale bar: A-N, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216104/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Figs 5</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD7B29A6C07B5F98D" box="[473,486,1607,1631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[134,143,1352,1370]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1318]" captionTargetId="figure-431@9.[132,1455,215,1318]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Scanning electron micrographs of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov., represented from the Sharavathi River sample: A-C, valve exterior ultrastructures; D-F, valve interior ultrastructures. Scale bars: A-F, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216106/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">6</figureCitation>
show LM and SEM views of the new taxon from Sharavathi River in 
<collectingRegion id="49DDF801FF94D62BD4659A490421F9A8" box="[526,626,1634,1658]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
of the Western Ghats. All morphometric data (n = 55) (L = 15.30-31.34 µm, W = 3.56-4.55 µm with 12-14 striae in 10 µm, n = 55), valve shape and characteristic observed under SEM matched with 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D60FF94D62BD4CC9A990553F91B" authorityName="Roy &amp; Radhakrishnan &amp; Taylor &amp; Kulikovskiy &amp; Karthick" authorityYear="2020" box="[679,768,1713,1737]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="keshrii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD4CC9A990553F91B" box="[679,768,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">E. keshrii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E578AFF94D62BD6EF9AE7069DF931" box="[132,206,1740,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The water quality recorded for the Western Ghats sampling site was pH = 7.72, dissolved oxygen (DO) = 
<quantity id="4CE19B06FF94D62BD43D9ACD04FFF92C" box="[598,684,1766,1790]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.66" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="mg" value="7.66">7.66 mg</quantity>
/L, water temperature = 28.6 °C, nitrate = 
<quantity id="4CE19B06FF94D62BD7D09B2A0452F8CB" box="[443,513,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="mg" value="0.3">0.3 mg</quantity>
/L, phosphate = 
<quantity id="4CE19B06FF94D62BD4F19B2A04BFF8CB" box="[666,748,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.26" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="mg" value="2.26">2.26 mg</quantity>
/L.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3036568FF94D628D6E89B790720FA1F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6E89B790746F8B8" blockId="9.[131,277,1874,1900]" box="[131,277,1874,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0EE818FFF94D62BD6E89B790746F8B8" box="[131,277,1874,1900]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" reason="5">
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6EF9B590751F85E" blockId="9.[132,776,1905,2028]" box="[132,258,1905,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0EE818FFF94D62BD6EF9B590751F85E" box="[132,258,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD6EF9B590751F85E" box="[132,258,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
LM (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD6D79B5906AAF859" box="[188,249,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[133,144,1724,1742]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-141@4.[132,1455,215,1689]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Light microscopy of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov., from the type population: A-O, valve views showing the size diminution series; P, girdle view; F, holotype. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216096/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD6EF9BBA0555F83E" blockId="9.[132,776,1905,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Valves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, slightly dorsiventral, weakly heteropolar with rounded to acute apices, never protracted. Valves 15.33-30.82 µm long and 3.50-4.67 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD54699B8024AF9BF" blockId="9.[811,1456,1427,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">broad with 13-14 striae in 10 µm (n = 51). Areolae are not discernible in LM. Raphe weakly lateral with proximal endings slightly curved towards the dorsal margin, endings rounded and pore-like. Distal raphe endings sickle-shaped and curved towards the ventral margin. Stigma absent. Axial area narrow, lanceolate widening slightly in the centre but no distinct central area is present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D62BD5469AB9059CF97E" blockId="9.[813,975,1682,1708]" box="[813,975,1682,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0EE818FFF94D62BD5469AB9059CF97E" box="[813,975,1682,1708]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B96DEAF1FF94D62BD5469AB9059CF97E" box="[813,975,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
SEM (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD5199AB80595F97E" box="[882,966,1682,1708]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionStartId-1="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionStartId-2="7.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetId-0="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId-1="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId-2="figure-89@7.[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, dorsal side; B, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; C, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; D, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216102" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12216102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Figs 2-4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636E3FF94D628D5469A980720FA1F" blockId="9.[811,1456,1714,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[131,776,1076,1485]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
In external valve view (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD25E9A990224F91E" box="[1077,1143,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) striae composed of one to four linear areolae (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD2629AF9022DF93E" box="[1033,1150,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
) (compare to internal view of valve: 
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD5E49AD9059DF8DE" box="[911,974,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C-E). Striae interrupted at the valve margin and then continue on the valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD29F9B39031FF8FE" box="[1268,1356,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD3329B3903F1F8FE" box="[1369,1442,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-89@7.[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, dorsal side; B, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; C, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; D, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">4A, D</figureCitation>
). Raphe lateral and curving towards the dorsal margin in the central region (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD5BA9B7A0270F8BE" box="[977,1059,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). A higher number of areolae in each striae occur adjacent the axial area with the final areolae near the margin being a single large lineolate areolus (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD3209BBA03F2F879" box="[1355,1441,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Areolae do not appear to be occluded by cribra or hymenes and are 
<quantity id="4CE19B06FF94D62BD5E39BFA05B8F839" box="[904,1003,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.398" metricValueMax="10.414" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="37.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="33.0">33-41 in</quantity>
10 µm (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF94D62BD2389BFA029FF839" box="[1107,1228,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Mantle perforated by small linear poroids at the apices (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D470981F04C2FB9C" box="[539,657,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2D, F</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings curved towards the dorsal margins, pore like and slightly expanded (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D7F8985F07B8FB5C" box="[403,491,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Distal endings curving over the junction of the valve face and mantle (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D4EE98BF04A9FB7C" box="[645,762,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[131,142,1516,1534]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-345@5.[132,1455,215,1480]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve exterior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve showing slightly dorsiventral, lanceolate to linearlanceolate valves, raphe and striation pattern; C, showing unique lineolate areolus; D, F, details of marginal and apical pole showing distal raphe ends, mantle poroids; E, middle portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 µm; C, 0.25 µm; D-F, 1 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216098/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2D, F</figureCitation>
). Internal valve view (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D702989F07F9FB1C" box="[361,426,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) shows striae separated by distinct virgae (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D77B98FF07D1FB3C" box="[272,386,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings terminate in small helictoglossae which are slightly angled towards the ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D758993807F5FAFC" box="[307,422,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3C, E</figureCitation>
), proximal raphe endings simple and curved abruptly towards the dorsal margin (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D4CB991804AAFA9F" box="[672,761,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1425,1443]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-316@6.[132,1455,215,1390]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Scanning electron micrographs of valve interior of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, B, whole valve view, with raphe and striation pattern; C, E valve apices, with small helictoglossae; D, central area, showing proximal raphe ends. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C-E, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216100/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). In external girdle view (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D7E799780798FABF" box="[396,459,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-89@7.[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, dorsal side; B, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; C, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; D, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), the cingulum is composed by 2-3 open bands or copulae. Mantle of each valve contains single row of areolae on both dorsal (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D44699B8049FFA7F" box="[557,716,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-89@7.[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, dorsal side; B, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; C, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; D, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A, C, D</figureCitation>
) and ventral side (
<figureCitation id="13222A66FF97D628D77899980735FA1F" box="[275,358,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1963,1981]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-89@7.[132,1455,215,1935]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Scanning electron micrographs of girdle view of Encyonema keshrii, sp. nov.: A, dorsal side; B, ventral side of whole valve, showing mantle areolae and girdle bands; C, valve apex covered with girdle bands and transapical areolae present on the valve mantle; D, central area showing the mantle areolae, ribbed valve margin and layers of girdle bands. Scale bars: A-D, 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12216102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12216102/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>