374 lines
86 KiB
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374 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="0E2E603851809DD2A3F3CB11AFBFDFE8" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad023" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8326247" ID-ZooBank="EC132BF4-4C98-49D5-99D8-01ED24128481" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1693804421547" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Obert, Tomáš, Zhang, Tengyue & Vďačný, Peter" docDate="2023" docId="03B087E14B416404FC6B206F4FF0FAAF" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad023.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad023" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleIdOld="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleNameOld="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleOld="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docStyleVersionOld="7" docTitle="Hysterocineta bellerophon Obert & Zhang & Vďačný 2023, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="FF89FF994B47640FFFBF27704C46FF81" masterDocTitle="The search finds an end: the morphologically chimeric hysterocinetids belong to the subclass Hymenostomatia (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea)" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1694521885582" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="53425811B38361614D17B4433EAFE02A">The search finds an end: the morphologically chimeric hysterocinetids belong to the subclass Hymenostomatia (Ciliophora: Oligohymenophorea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9C9C4F243D8FBE001BF3E467243827F">Obert, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03C199A41EC702572C6CD7A707F109A7">Zhang, Tengyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C42B9BA5AFB1021C15E6B673245146B">Vďačný, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6CB4C1B06F327C21E5DE2EFB8274D058" type="email">peter.vdacny@uniba.sk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8088BB1A73A3AD3EBCA41E72B50A3DB6">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B434E605E76EB50D1DE3CF4173702DC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="050A70075E4B034FC1C3CD7D0767DBE2">2023-06-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D6B963B6AD79C910462B85237CC9D8CD">199</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C303657C4B416409FC6B206F4961F8BB" box="[980,1319,1823,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B416409FC6B206F4961F8BB" blockId="6.[980,1319,1823,1850]" box="[980,1319,1823,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="D0EE819B4B416409FC6B206F4961F8BB" bold="true" box="[980,1319,1823,1850]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B416409FC6B206F4961F8BB" bold="true" box="[980,1319,1823,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B416409FC6B206F4891F8BB" authority="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný, 2023" authorityName="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný" authorityYear="2023" box="[980,1239,1823,1850]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Hysterocineta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bellerophon" status="sp.nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B416409FC6B206F4891F8BB" bold="true" box="[980,1239,1823,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Hysterocineta bellerophon</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E579E4B416409FB6420504961F8BB" box="[1243,1319,1824,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C303657C4B416404FC19203D4FF0FAAF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B416409FC19203D4913F8E6" blockId="6.[934,1365,1869,1896]" box="[934,1365,1869,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B416409FC19203D4913F8E6" bold="true" box="[934,1365,1869,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13222A724B416409FC0E203D4846F8E6" box="[945,1024,1869,1895]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="13222A724B416409FBB1203D485DF8E6" box="[1038,1051,1869,1895]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A724B416409FB9A203D4827F8E6" box="[1061,1121,1869,1895]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">4A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A724B416409FBD4203D48E1F8E6" box="[1131,1191,1869,1895]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">5A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A724B416409FB0F203D48B7F8E6" box="[1200,1265,1869,1895]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">6A–H</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B416409FB42203E490DF8E6" box="[1277,1355,1869,1896]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B416409FC8620FE48E9F844" blockId="6.[825,1474,1934,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B416409FC8620FE485AF827" box="[825,1052,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">ZooBank registration:</emphasis>
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<uri id="FF883AF54B416409FBFA20FE48EDF844" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFBF0C224B416409FAF920FE48EDF844" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">2B80676C-F7CC-4F85-AF20-EC3330A119E0</uuid>
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</uri>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF66667F4B406408FFCE21A74962F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" startId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" targetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B406408FFCE21A74962F835" blockId="7.[113,1452,1751,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B406408FFCE21A74C81F96E" bold="true" box="[113,199,1751,1775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B406408FF7421A84DACF96E" box="[203,490,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B406408FF7421A84DEAF96E" authorityName="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný" authorityYear="2023" box="[203,428,1751,1775]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Hysterocineta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bellerophon">Hysterocineta bellerophon</taxonomicName>
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in vivo
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</emphasis>
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(A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen. B, oral ciliary paưern. Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome. Membranelle M2 is cut in two segments: (i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodies and starts at the infundibular entrance. C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow). Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole. G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side. Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side. Abbreviations: CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF66667F4B4F6407FF3E220949F4FA64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" startId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4F6407FF3E220949F4FA64" blockId="8.[129,1471,1401,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FF3E22094C9EFA10" bold="true" box="[129,216,1401,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FF62220A4E45FA10" box="[221,515,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4F6407FF62220A4D82FA10" authorityName="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný" authorityYear="2023" box="[221,452,1401,1425]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Hysterocineta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bellerophon">Hysterocineta bellerophon</taxonomicName>
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in vivo
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</emphasis>
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. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker. C, detail of the vacuolized oral area. E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4F6407FF3E2158481AF95E" blockId="8.[129,778,1576,1976]" lastBlockId="8.[825,1474,1577,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FF3E21584CA1F9BE" box="[129,231,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Body size about 170–270 × 75–150 µm
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FD3621584E8EF9BE" box="[649,712,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">in vivo</emphasis>
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. Body broadly to narrowly ovoid, with anterior end more narrowly rounded than posterior one. Anterior sucker forms an inverted, broadly U-shaped paưern, sucker arms about 15–46 µm long forming an angle of about 84°. Irregularly curved cylindroidal macronucleus extends through middle quarters of cell. A single contractile vacuole near posterior end of macronucleus. On average, 64 less and 105 right meridional ciliary rows; two subapical and two posterior sutures. Oral ciliature consists of a paroral membrane and three membranelles. Membranelle M1 runs only on peristome and terminates near entrance to infundibulum. Second membranelle cut in two segments at infundibular entry: distal segment confined to peristome and runs beside M1, while proximal segment M2
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<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FB59215948A9F9C3" box="[1254,1263,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
restricted to infundibulum and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 starts at infundibular entrance and runs along M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FB54211848B2F900" box="[1259,1268,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
. Paroral membrane extends in parallel with M1 and M2 over peristome, while on opposite side as M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FBBE21D6484CF93E" box="[1025,1034,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
and M
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B124B4F6407FBED21D84830F941" box="[1106,1142,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
infundibulum. Infundibular cilia describe 1.5 turns of a spiral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4F6407FC862071481CF8D6" blockId="8.[825,1474,1792,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B713CAA4B4F6407FC8620714810F8D6" country="Slovakia" county="Bratislava district" latitude="48.21278" location="Waterlogged" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.223696" municipality="Cierna" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FC8620714FFDF899" box="[825,955,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4F6407FC8620714F2FF899" box="[825,873,1793,1816]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EC6602C4B4F6407FC7A20704800F899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087E14B416404FC6B206F4FF0FAAF:8EC6602C4B4F6407FC7A20704800F899" box="[965,1094,1792,1816]" country="Slovakia" county="Bratislava district" latitude="48.21278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.223696" municipality="Cierna" name="Waterlogged" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Waterlogged</location>
|
||
soil in the riparian zone of the
|
||
<location id="8EC6602C4B4F6407FAC120724984F89C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087E14B416404FC6B206F4FF0FAAF:8EC6602C4B4F6407FAC120724984F89C" box="[1406,1474,1794,1821]" country="Slovakia" county="Bratislava district" latitude="48.21278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.223696" municipality="Cierna" name="Sursky" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Šúrsky</location>
|
||
kanál branch,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC8D4B4F6407FC77206F4848F8B9" box="[968,1038,1823,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Čierna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
voda river,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C74E7B4B4F6407FB3B20504971F8B9" box="[1156,1335,1824,1848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Bratislava district</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E76674B4F6407FAFF205049D1F8B9" box="[1344,1431,1824,1848]" name="Slovakia" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D50304B4F6407FA1F20504FF7F8D6" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" precision="1" seconds="46.0" value="48.21278">48° 12ʹ 46.0″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2D50304B4F6407FC05204F4810F8D6" box="[954,1110,1854,1879]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" precision="1" seconds="25.3" value="17.223696">17° 13ʹ 25.3″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4F6406FC8620F24D2DF8EC" blockId="8.[825,1474,1921,1977]" lastBlockId="9.[113,762,1846,1901]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FC8620F24857F818" box="[825,1041,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4F6407FC8620F24F2FF818" box="[825,873,1922,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4F6407FC1420F14857F818" authorityName="Omodeo" authorityYear="1956" box="[939,1041,1921,1945]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Octodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Octodrilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FB8B20F148E7F818" box="[1076,1185,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">gradinescui</emphasis>
|
||
(Pop, 1938).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FA8F20F14922F818" box="[1328,1380,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">ND1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4F6407FA2920F24984F818" box="[1430,1474,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4F6407FC4B20D14864F838" box="[1012,1058,1953,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
|
||
host have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OP752213 and OP755299, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66667F4B4E6406FFCE21EA4FB6F887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" startId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" targetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4E6406FFCE21EA49CEF933" blockId="9.[113,1440,1690,1799]" box="[113,1416,1690,1714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4E6406FFCE21EA4C8FF933" bold="true" box="[113,201,1690,1714]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4E6406FF7121EB4DF3F933" authorityName="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný" authorityYear="2023" box="[206,437,1690,1714]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Hysterocineta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bellerophon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4E6406FF7121EB4DF3F933" box="[206,437,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Hysterocineta bellerophon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4E6406FFCE21C64FB6F887" blockId="9.[113,1440,1690,1799]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">(B) side ciliary paưern. Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4E6404FFCE20E54EAAFE87" blockId="9.[113,762,1941,1996]" lastBlockId="11.[113,764,144,262]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4E6406FFCE20E54D4EF82C" box="[113,264,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
A DNA sample of the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B713CAA4B4E6406FD9020E548E5F8EF" collectionCode="OG" country="Slovakia" location="Slovakia" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4E6406FD9020E54ECDF82C" box="[559,651,1941,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (CVsk 170
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE324B4E6406FF4F20C44D5DF84D" box="[240,283,1972,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">OG</collectionCode>
|
||
) has been deposited in the
|
||
<collectorName id="26EC53214B4E6406FDEC20C44FC0F8CF" box="[595,902,1847,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Natural History Museum</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26EC53214B4E6406FC2A2046484FF8CF" box="[917,1033,1846,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Vajanského</collectorName>
|
||
nábrežie 2, 810 06
|
||
<collectorName id="26EC53214B4E6406FB5420464916F8CF" box="[1259,1360,1846,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Bratislava</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E76674B4E6406FAE1204649F5F8CF" box="[1374,1459,1846,1870]" name="Slovakia" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26EC53214B4E6406FC8D20254841F8EC" box="[818,1031,1877,1901]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">ID Collection Code</collectorName>
|
||
01427573). A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B713CAA4B4E6404FB1320264E4DFF46" collectionCode="ZTY, ITS, COI" country="Slovakia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="108" location="Department of Zoology" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4E6406FB1320264943F8EF" box="[1196,1285,1878,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
slide containing protargol-impregnated specimens (reg. no. 2023/5-
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE324B4E6406FACB200549EDF80C" box="[1396,1451,1909,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">ZTY</collectionCode>
|
||
) has been deposited at the
|
||
<location id="8EC6602C4B4E6406FBFE20E5497BF82D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087E14B416404FC6B206F4FF0FAAF:8EC6602C4B4E6406FBFE20E5497BF82D" box="[1089,1341,1940,1964]" country="Slovakia" municipality="Comenius University in Bratislava" name="Department of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Department of Zoology</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2AC8D4B4E6406FAF620E44850F84A" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Comenius University in Bratislava</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30E76674B4E6406FAE720C349F6F84A" box="[1368,1456,1971,1995]" name="Slovakia" pageId="9" pageNumber="106">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FFCE27E04D40FF29" box="[113,262,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Gene sequences:</emphasis>
|
||
The 18S rRNA gene,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE324B4C6404FE5827E04E4BFF29" box="[487,525,144,168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">ITS</collectionCode>
|
||
region-28S rRNA gene, 16S rRNA gene, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE8327C04D21FF46" box="[316,359,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED08AE324B4C6404FE8327C04D21FF46" box="[316,359,176,199]" country="Portugal" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="Herbarium">COI</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sequences of the
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A288554B4C6404FDB027DF4E2EFF46" box="[527,616,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen have been deposited in GenBank under the following accession numbers: OP755209, OP755183, OP755234, and OP785732, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF66667F4B4D6405FF3E21EA4C8BF84B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" startId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4D6405FF3E21EA49CEF8DB" blockId="10.[129,1474,1690,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4D6405FF3E21EA4C9EF933" bold="true" box="[129,216,1690,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4D6405FF6221EB4D82F933" authorityName="Obert & Zhang & Vďačný" authorityYear="2023" box="[221,452,1690,1714]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Hysterocineta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bellerophon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4D6405FF6221EB4D82F933" box="[221,452,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Hysterocineta bellerophon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
asser protargol impregnation. A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4D6405FDFE20574E0FF8BE" box="[577,585,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4D6405FA26205749E7F8BE" box="[1433,1441,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4D6405FF3E202F4C8BF84B" blockId="10.[129,1474,1690,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FFCE26574E43FDBB" blockId="11.[113,763,295,570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FFCE26574D2CFEBE" box="[113,362,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Etymology: Bellerophon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE3626584E5AFEBE" box="[393,540,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Βελλεροφῶν</emphasis>
|
||
) was the greatest Corinthian hero of Greek mythology who baưled and killed the fantastical Chimera monster. The specific epithet reflects the fact that both nuclear and mitochondrial sequences obtained from this new species helped to overcome the misclassification of hysterocinetids in the subclass
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4C6404FE1526B44E7CFE5D" authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1967" box="[426,570,452,476]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" rank="subClass" subClass="Scuticociliatia">Scuticociliatia</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their chimeric morphology. The species-group name is treated as a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name (Article 11.9.1.2. of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B064B4C6404FEC425524DB2FDBB" author="ICZN" box="[379,500,546,570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" refId="ref15850" refString="ICZN. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, 1999." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FFCE252C4DE6FCCE" blockId="11.[113,763,603,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FFCE252C4CAEFDF2" box="[113,232,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Body size about 170–270 × 75‒150 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FD10252C4EB2FDF2" box="[687,756,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, while about 140–224 × 63–126 µm asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FF7925EA4D52FD33" box="[198,276,666,690]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body shape similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D744B4C6404FDA725EB4E3CFD33" box="[536,634,666,690]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Hysterocinetidae" genus="Protoptychostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Scuticociliatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FDA725EB4E3CFD33" box="[536,634,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. broadly to narrowly ovoid with anterior end slightly more narrowly rounded than posterior one, anterior end rarely bluntly pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FFC325884C8EFC91" box="[124,200,760,784]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FF6B25884D49FC8E" box="[212,271,760,784]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); length:width ratio 1.6–2.3:1, near 2:1 both
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FD5825894CDEFCAE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and in protargol preparations; body laterally flaưened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FD6F24674C8CFCCE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3A, C–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FF6A24474D56FCCF" box="[213,272,823,847]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FEA424464D7EFCCF" box="[283,312,822,846]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FEFA24464DC9FCCE" box="[325,399,822,847]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FF3224264E51FB67" blockId="11.[113,763,603,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Sucker occupies anterior body region, not delimited by shallow concavities on lateral body sides; forms an inverted, broadly U-shaped paưern. Angle formed by sucker arms about 84° on average; ventral arm slightly longer than dorsal one, i.e. on average 27.9 µm vs. 22.4 µm asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FD6F24A34D42FB8B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3A, C–G, I–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FEAD24834D76FB8A" box="[274,304,1011,1035]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FE8124824D3CFB8B" box="[318,378,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">5A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FE3724824DE3FB8B" box="[392,421,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FE0924824E42FB8A" box="[438,516,1010,1035]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Sucker unciliated; no specific granules recognizable either
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE5C23624E64FBA8" box="[483,546,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
or asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FF4C23414D7AFBC8" box="[243,316,1073,1097]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skeletal fibres emerge from anterior end of less ciliary rows, run almost in parallel with main body axis, i.e. do not follow curvature of sucker arms; comparatively short, namely 9–12 µm long asser protargol impregnation, and hence extending only in posterior sucker half; weakly impregnate with the protargol method used (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FE2F23BE4D9BFB67" box="[400,477,1230,1254]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FE5623BE4E40FB67" box="[489,518,1230,1254]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FF32239D4EF4FA61" blockId="11.[113,763,603,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Nuclear apparatus extends through middle quarters of cell, i.e. begins about 40 µm apart from anterior body end asser protargol impregnation. Macronucleus irregularly curved cylindroidal, approximately 64–140 × 14–35 µm in size asser protargol impregnation; nucleoli small, more or less globular, evenly distributed over macronucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FEC122FA4E4DFA23" box="[382,523,1418,1442]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3A, C–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FDA522FA4E1EFA20" box="[538,600,1418,1442]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FDD922F94EC5FA20" box="[614,643,1417,1441]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FD2E22FA4EF4FA23" box="[657,690,1418,1442]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FD7D22FA4C38FA40" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Micronucleus not observed either
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE4022DA4E07FA40" box="[511,577,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
or asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FEB322B94D59FA61" box="[268,287,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) and hence likely amicronucleate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FF3222984E73F8D9" blockId="11.[113,763,603,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
One contractile vacuole located near posterior end of macronucleus and slightly above beginning of cytopharynx, i.e. not situated within posterior vacuolar area; excretory pores not observed either
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FF4A21364D74F9DC" box="[245,306,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
or asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FDCA21364CD3F9FD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3A, C–F, I–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FF1F21154CF8F9FC" box="[160,190,1637,1661]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cortex flexible, not, or only slightly, furrowed by ciliary rows; no specific granules recognizable
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE4621F54E7EF91D" box="[505,568,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
or in protargol preparations. Cytoplasm colourless; 3 µm-sized food vacuoles located in buccal area together with densely arranged granules (about 1 µm in diameter); vacuolar area extends anteriorly along ventral and dorsal body margin in a form of two pointed arms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FD1820724EB2F89B" box="[679,756,1794,1818]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FFCE20514CE1F8B9" box="[113,167,1825,1849]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Swims moderately fast, rotating about main body axis; dies within half an hour asser extraction from host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FF32202F486EFDDF" blockId="11.[113,763,603,1975]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1460,143,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Somatic ciliature holotrichous, composed of monokinetids. Somatic cilia about 13 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FE7F20F04E44F816" box="[448,514,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, densely arranged in an average of 64 less and 105 right meridional rows (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FDD120EE4EFCF837" box="[622,698,1950,1974]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Less ciliary rows start below posterior sucker margin, while right ciliary rows begin at anterior sucker margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FB5827DF491EFF47" box="[1255,1368,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FAD927DF49C4FF46" box="[1382,1410,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FA3027DF4F15FF67" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">5A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FCE027BE4F3AFF67" box="[863,892,206,230]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individual rows densely spaced, i.e. approximately 1.6 µm from each other; irregularities on both body sides, though much more common on right posterior body half, namely, some rows shortened anteriorly and posteriorly, or with breaks causing switches between two adjacent or even between more distant rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FCD2261B4FA6FE03" box="[877,992,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FC51261B484BFE02" box="[1006,1037,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
, asterisk). Anterior end of some ventro- and dorsolateral ciliary rows abut to form an inconspicuous subapical secant system (suture) below each sucker arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FA3226D94F0EFE60" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Likewise, posterior end of some ventro- and dorsolateral ciliary rows form a secant system close to each cell margin of right side; posterior sutures sometimes difficult to recognize due to irregular arrangement of basal bodies at posterior body region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FCC325364F8EFDDF" box="[892,968,582,606]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636F74B4C6404FCF925154FF0FAAF" blockId="11.[810,1460,143,1326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Oral apparatus located at posterior body pole and composed of an outer peristomial region and an inner infundibular part. Peristomial region follows curvature of posterior body margin, oriented perpendicularly to anteroposterior body axis, about 35 µm wide asser protargol impregnation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FB5C25934969FD7A" box="[1251,1327,739,763]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Outer oral cilia about 10 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FB9024734832FC9B" box="[1071,1140,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. Infundibulum 15.4–48.1 µm long in protargol preparations; infundibular cilia about 6 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FCE124314FD9FCD9" box="[862,927,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, form 1.5 turns of a spiral. Oral ciliature consists of a paroral membrane and three membranelles (M1–M3). First membranelle M1 made up of two rows of basal bodies, runs only on peristome, and terminates near entrance to infundibulum. Second membranelle cut in two segments at infundibular entry: (i) distal segment M2 built from two rows of basal bodies, confined to peristome, and runs beside M1; (ii) proximal segment M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FCF1236A4F11FBB2" box="[846,855,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
composed of three rows of basal bodies, restricted to infundibulum, and extends beside M3. Third membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodies, starts at infundibular entrance, and extends along M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FBE02308482EFB10" box="[1119,1128,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
. Paroral membrane made up of two rows of kinetosomes, extends in parallel with M1 and M2 over peristome, while on opposite side as M2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEAE54B4C6404FAB223C74950FB51" box="[1293,1302,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
and M
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B124B4C6404FAD923C949C8FB51" box="[1382,1422,1208,1233]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
infundibulum; not segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FBDE23A848E9FB71" box="[1121,1199,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,176,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1426,146,1722]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[145,1428,144,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo (A) and asser protargol impregnation (B–L). A, less-side view of a representative specimen.B, oral ciliary paưern.Membranelle M1 is made up of two rows of basal bodies and runs only on the peristome.Membranelle M2 is cutin two segments:(i) the distal segment M2 is built from two rows of basal bodies and runs beside M1, (ii) the proximal segment M2'is composed of three rows of basal bodies and extends beside M3. Membranelle M3 consists of two rows of basal bodiesand starts at the infundibular entrance.C–F, I–L, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear apparatus (shaded grey) and sucker (shaded yellow).Dashed circles represent contractile vacuole.G, H, the ciliary paưern of the less (G) and the right (H) side.Arrows mark a posterior secant system each on the ventral and the dorsal margin of the right body side.Abbreviations:CV, contractile vacuole; IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties.Scale bars = 50 µm (A, G, H), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FB0223A8489CFB71" box="[1213,1242,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1401,1425]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetId="figure-239@8.[161,1441,144,1373]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Hysterocineta bellerophon in vivo. A, D, less-side overviews, showing the variability of body shape and size, as well as of the nuclear apparatus. B, detail of the anterior body region, showing the dense somatic ciliature and the unciliated sucker.C, detail of the vacuolized oral area.E, detail of the posterior body region, showing the oral ciliature and the vacuolized cytoplasm. CV, contractile vacuole; FV, food vacuoles; IF, infundibulum; MA, macronucleus; OC, oral cilia; S, sucker; SC, somatic cilia. Scale bars = 20 µm (E), 30 µm (B), 50 µm (A), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326255/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FB5723A84962FB71" box="[1256,1316,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,185,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-73@9.[146,1426,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation. A, B, details of the anterior body region, showing the less (A) and the right (B) side ciliary paưern.Arrow in (A) marks the subapical secant system below the dorsal sucker arm. C, D, oral ciliary paưern. E, less-side overviews showing the general body organization. IF, infundibulum; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; OA, oral apparatus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 20 µm (C, D), 50 µm (A, B, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326257/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">5C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A724B4C6404FA8D23A8492DFB71" box="[1330,1387,1240,1264]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@10.[161,1441,144,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Hysterocineta bellerophon asser protargol impregnation.A, detail of the anterior body region of the specimen shown in Figure 5A, to document the organization of somatic kineties around the sucker. Skeletal fibres emerge from the anterior end of the less ciliary rows and run almost in parallel with the main body axis. B, detail of the oral ciliary paưern near the entrance to the infundibulum of the specimen shown in Figure 5C. C, D, membranelle M1 and M2 are made up of two rows of basal bodies each, run along the peristome, and terminate near the entrance to the infundibulum. Note that the posterior row of M2 is not recognizable in (C), as it is out of focus. E, F, paroral membrane extends on the opposite side of the infundibulum as M2ʹ and M3, describing 1.5 turns of a spiral. Arrowhead in (F) denotes the anterior end of M2ʹ and M3. G, somatic kineties are composed of narrowly spaced monokinetids. Asterisk marks an irregularity in the somatic ciliary paưern. H, the macronucleus is irregularly curved cylindroidal and contains innumerable small nucleoli. The small anterior blob is a preparation artefact caused by leaked macronuclear material as evidenced by the presence of nucleoli. F, skeletal fibres; M1–3, membranelles 1–3; MA, macronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; S, sucker; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 3 µm (C, D), 10 µm (F, G), 15 µm (B), 20 µm (E, H), 30 µm (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8326259/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">6B–F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69B034C4B4C6404FAC523A84F71FA8E" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on P.simplex (Ps) and H. bellerophon (Hb) isolated from lumbricid earthworms." pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Cytopharyngeal fibres not impregnated with the protargol method used.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |