284 lines
30 KiB
XML
284 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7A8337103F4D5E29D13E73AC92E5977C">Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA2E51375ABFCBE5399263AAB6F15BA8">Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D5A6358AB1F6806EFDE6E601AD0C2A">Austin, Kyhl A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24EC4CC8651787C6AEA1D9E389679BF8">Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F39FBC73B38625CD546FD97E2BD7278D">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C7EFA88777B59215EC003F46FF3FE448">
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<mods:date id="EA5C8AA5CF56DD9AE757E9F6C1932E65">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6DE18E5640F1A0B5C7707FE5D77A0AB6">55</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="26462B0D3929EAD85EC56BE305FDE3CA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.8159765</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77932DD415AF7339D132C3685274E781" type="GBIF-Dataset">17e62e62-46ef-47e6-b98e-c56d8dcfe876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84451FD2A0DB4CF838DA6FDA33B94CDD" type="ISSN">0073-134X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B087BEFFFC5678FF43FBEBFC3FFA09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8204417" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212423583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8204417" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57E97161-D43B-4D24-8BDC-AC7EB837A470" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087BEFFFC5678FF43FBEBFC3FFA09" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFC567BFF43FBEBFE7CF83F" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF43FBEBFE7CF83F" blockId="9.[144,560,1025,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="D0EE81C4FFFC567BFF43FBEBFE7CF83F" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFF43FBEBFE7CF83F" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFF43FBEBFEA7F83F" authority="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n, 2023" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Hyposmocoma">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFF43FBEBFE9AF81C" bold="true" box="[158,340,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFEB9FBEBFDD4F81C" bold="true" box="[356,538,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFED0FBCAFEA7F83F" bold="true" box="[269,361,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">desilvai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E57C1FFFC567BFEADFBCAFE7CF83F" box="[368,434,1056,1081]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFC567BFF4DFBD5FEFDF892" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF4DFBD5FDC9F870" blockId="9.[144,560,1025,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">h t t p s: //z o o b a n k. o r g /57 E 9 7161D43B-4D24-8BDC-AC7EB837A470</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF4DFB96FEFDF892" blockId="9.[144,560,1025,1172]" box="[144,307,1148,1172]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFFC567BFF4DFB96FECAF892" box="[144,260,1148,1172]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[143,216,1137,1161]" captionTargetBox="[151,1004,156,1116]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[143,1007,144,1129]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. A. Holotype adult Hyposmocoma desilvai sp. n., DR21D16E.1, DNA00252, reared from a “cigar” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0902. C. Holotype adult H. makaohuna, DR21D16A.E3, DNA00255, reared from a “candywrapper” type case from Kamehamenui FR. D. Fe- male genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0901. Abbreviations: pa = papilla anales, IX = segment IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159773/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Figs. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFFC567BFED3FB96FEE1F892" box="[270,303,1148,1172]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[146,220,753,777]" captionTargetBox="[161,999,153,734]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[144,1008,144,741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">6C</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFC567BFF4DFB53FE12F9A3" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF4DFB53FEE6F8D7" blockId="9.[144,563,1209,1567]" box="[144,296,1209,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFF4DFB53FEE6F8D7" bold="true" box="[144,296,1209,1233]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Type material</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF75FB3DFE12F9A3" blockId="9.[144,563,1209,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<materialsCitation id="3B713CF5FFFC567BFF75FB3DFE12F9A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4167508301" collectingDate="2021-04-26" collectingDateMax="2021-06-04" collectingDateMin="2021-04-26" collectionCode="R, UHIM" country="United States of America" elevation="2135" latitude="20.7285" location="Maui" municipality="Cigar" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFF75FB3DFEDFF8E9" bold="true" box="[168,273,1239,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFFC567BFF75FB3DFEC3F8E9" box="[168,269,1239,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D1FFD21FFFC567BFEC6FB3DFEB3F8E9" box="[283,381,1239,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="female">1 Female</specimenCount>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F30E7638FFFC567BFE51FB3DFE71F8E9" box="[396,447,1239,1263]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
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: HI:
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<location id="8EC66073FFFC567BFE27FB3DFDE3F8E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087BEFFFC5678FF43FBEBFC3FFA09:8EC66073FFFC567BFE27FB3DFDE3F8E9" box="[506,557,1239,1263]" country="United States of America" latitude="20.7285" municipality="Cigar" name="Maui" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Maui</location>
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<date id="FFA71068FFFC567BFF4DFB1CFF37F908" box="[144,249,1270,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2021-04-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFE3E980FFFC567BFF4DFB1CFF37F908" box="[144,249,1270,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2021-04-26">26.iv.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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DR21D16E.E1,
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFE41FB1CFF50F92A" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Kamehamenui F</collectorName>
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[orest]
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE6DFFFC567BFF3FFAFFFF3DF92A" box="[226,243,1301,1324]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">R</collectionCode>
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[eserve]
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFE9AFAFEFEB0F92A" box="[327,382,1300,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hand</collectorName>
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coll.[ected]
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BC2ACD2FFFC567BFE25FAFEFDFEF92A" box="[504,560,1300,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Cigar</collectingMunicipality>
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case. E[x]l[arva]
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<date id="FFA71068FFFC567BFE9DFAD8FE51F94C" box="[320,415,1330,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2021-06-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFE3E980FFFC567BFE9DFAD8FE51F94C" box="[320,415,1330,1354]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" value="2021-06-04">4.vi.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. N 20.7285 E –156.2786
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<quantity id="4CE19B4DFFFC567BFF20FABBFE87F96E" box="[253,329,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2135.0">
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<elevation id="0034D19BFFFC567BFF20FABBFE87F96E" box="[253,329,1361,1385]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="2135.0">2135 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFE92FABBFEB0F96F" box="[335,382,1361,1385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Leg.</collectorName>
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[it]
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFE41FABBFDFDF96F" box="[412,563,1361,1385]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">F. and K. Starr.</collectorName>
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DNA extract: DNA00252.
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFE44FA85FE38F981" box="[409,502,1391,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Genitalia</collectorName>
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slide: KAA0902.
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<collectorName id="26EC537EFFFC567BFED5FA64FEA1F9A0" box="[264,367,1422,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Deposited</collectorName>
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in
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<collectionCode id="ED08AE6DFFFC567BFE4DFA64FE16F9A3" box="[400,472,1422,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">UHIM</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFC567BFF75FA46FC8BFE55" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC567BFF75FA46FC8BFE55" blockId="9.[144,563,1209,1567]" lastBlockId="9.[592,1009,145,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFF75FA46FED6F9C2" bold="true" box="[168,280,1452,1476]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFEFFFA47FDDBF9C2" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[290,533,1452,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFEFFFA47FDDBF9C2" box="[290,533,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hyposmocoma desilvai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to East Maui and has an overall calico color pattern, which is similar to several other species in the carnivorous species group, but most likely to be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFD12FF5AFD19FCE0" authority="Schmitz and Rubinoff" authorityName="Schmitz and Rubinoff" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupumoehewa">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFD12FF5AFC43FCC1" box="[719,909,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">H. pupumoehewa</emphasis>
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Schmitz and Rubinoff
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</taxonomicName>
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, also endemic to East Maui.
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<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFD8DFF07FCF0FD02" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[592,830,236,260]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
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<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFD8DFF07FCF0FD02" box="[592,830,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Hyposmocoma desilvai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated by having a white fascia at 0.2x of the wing and a white-edged black spot centrally at 0.5x of the wing, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFC05FEA2FD27FD78" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pupumoehewa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFC05FEA2FD27FD78" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">H. pupumoehewa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no clear patterning and mottling with black scales all over the forewings and thorax that obscures the calico color pattern. COI sequence data separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFC567BFD34FE0AFC97FDF1" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[745,857,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFD34FE0AFC97FDF1" box="[745,857,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">H. desilvai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other described and sequenced species in this group, minimum pairwise distance to nearest neighbor 4.92%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFC5678FDB5FDB3FEF3F8A4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFC5678FDB5FDB3FDFFF885" blockId="9.[592,1009,145,1568]" lastBlockId="10.[144,562,919,1581]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFDB5FDB3FC9BFE76" bold="true" box="[616,853,600,625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Description.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFCDCFDB2FC9BFE76" bold="true" box="[769,853,600,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFCBBFDB3FC6EFE77" box="[870,928,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Frons and vertex with orange-brown appressed scales. Anterior basal part of haustellum with cream colored scales. Labial palpus with mixed brown, white, and orange scales. Terminal two palpomeres of labial palpus of about equal length. Antenna about 0.8x length of forewing, scape dark brown with cream anteriorly, antennomeres dark brown. Live specimen with red eyes (gray in pinned specimen).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFC42FC63FC27FFA7" box="[927,1001,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark brown, tegulae orange with dark brown tipped scales anteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFC74FC2CFC27FFDB" box="[937,1001,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B4DFFFC567BFD23FC0EFC80FFFA" box="[766,846,996,1020]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Patch of raised scales along dorsum. Forewing coloration calico: base color orange with a white fascia at 0.2x, a white-edged black mark centrally, a white costal mark at 0.8x and 4–6 small white spots apically. Black mottling outside the white marked areas with some densely mottled areas forming spots. One spot just below the central white-outlined spot and one spot beyond it, the latter connecting to the costa. Distal edge of the wing mostly black. Forewing fringe white with dark gray tips. Underside of forewings brown. Hindwings beigegray, tending darker apically, fringe gray. Hindwing vannal brush absent. Underside of hindwings slightly lighter brown than forewing underside.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFC567BFCF9FA00FC9DFA07" box="[804,851,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="38">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Light gray on inside, dark gray on outside, with cream rings on apices of each segment and some mottling with orange scales throughout.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF4DFC39FF3FFFED" box="[144,241,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark gray.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FEA9FC39FDE4FFED" bold="true" box="[372,554,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior apophyses about 2x length of the anterior apophyses. Ostium bursae sclerotized, externally protruding,and curled to the right. Ductus bursa about 0.5x length of oval bursa copulatrix. Signum absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF666620FFFF5678FF4FFD1BFC23FF63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" startId="10.[146,220,753,777]" targetBox="[161,999,153,734]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FF4FFD1BFC23FF63" blockId="10.[146,1010,753,869]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF4FFD1BFF37FF0F" bold="true" box="[146,249,753,777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FC8BFD18FEC5FF2E" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makaohuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FC8BFD18FEC5FF2E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Hyposmocoma makaohuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rearing lot DR21D16A, B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FDF6FCFBFD14FF2E" box="[555,730,784,808]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamehamenui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FDF6FCFBFD14FF2E" box="[555,730,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">H. kamehamenui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rearing lot DR21D16B, C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FF4FFCC5FF30FF40" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[146,254,814,838]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF4FFCC5FF30FF40" box="[146,254,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">H. desilvai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FCBBFCC5FC25FF40" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[870,1003,815,838]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starrorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FCBBFCC5FC25FF40" box="[870,1003,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">H. starrorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FDB2FCA7FD3AFF63" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[623,756,845,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kukilakila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FDB2FCA7FD3AFF63" box="[623,756,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">H. kukilakila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rearing lot DR21D16B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FF4DFB63FEF3F8A4" blockId="10.[144,562,919,1581]" box="[144,317,1161,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF4DFB63FF0BF8A7" bold="true" box="[144,197,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFF5678FF75FB42FE1FF9F6" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FF75FB42FE1FF9F6" blockId="10.[144,562,919,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF75FB42FF30F8C6" bold="true" box="[168,254,1192,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The larval case is a ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CE19B4DFFFF5678FE3FFB42FDFEF8C6" box="[482,560,1192,1216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long dual-opening elongated tube (“cigar” case
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFFF5678FF1EFB0FFF3FF8FB" box="[195,241,1253,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
), sparsely decorated with sand, and silken threads to other parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13222A2DFFFF5678FE05FAE9FDEBF91D" box="[472,549,1283,1307]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[146,220,753,777]" captionTargetBox="[161,999,153,734]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[144,1008,144,741]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159777/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cigar
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFFF5678FF13FAC8FF35F93C" box="[206,251,1314,1338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
cases are elongated but do not widen centrally as with burrito cases, and have a case opening at each side, whereas burrito cases only have one. Prior to pupation, one end was attached to substrate with silk to suspend the case, as is typical for carnivorous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FEEFFA33FE05F9F6" box="[306,459,1497,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FEEFFA33FE05F9F6" box="[306,459,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFF5678FF75FA1CFDFFFA2A" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FF75FA1CFDFFFA2A" blockId="10.[144,562,919,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FF75FA1CFEFEFA08" bold="true" box="[168,304,1526,1550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Onlyknownfromitstype locality on East Maui in Kamehamenui FR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFF5678FDB5FC7DFD1EF8A4" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FDB5FC7DFD1EF8A4" blockId="10.[592,1009,919,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FDB5FC7DFD2CFFA9" bold="true" box="[616,738,919,943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FC6AFC7DFDA1FFCB" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FC6AFC7DFDA1FFCB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">desilvai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a noun in genitive case, named in honor of Lance DeSilva, who generously supported the authors and other collectors with permits and helicopter access to different forest reserves and found funds for DNA sequencing for this project, all of which led to the discovery of this remarkable species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3036523FFFF5678FDB5FB42FC3FFA09" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA636A8FFFF5678FDB5FB42FC3FFA09" blockId="10.[592,1009,919,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FDB5FB42FD1CF8C6" bold="true" box="[616,722,1192,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Six larval cases were collected, but only a single female emerged. The wing pattern, red eyes, larval case
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A2880AFFFF5678FD8DFAEEFDB0F91A" box="[592,638,1284,1308]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, and COI sequence data clearly place this species in the carnivorous species group of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FCC0FAABFC76F95E" box="[797,952,1345,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hyposmocoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FCC0FAABFC76F95E" box="[797,952,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larvae of this group are strict carnivores with some species specialized to hunt native Hawaiian snails (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B59FFFF5678FCFCFA71FD4BF9D4" author="Rubinoff, D. & W. P. Haines" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8778" refString="Rubinoff, D. and W. P. Haines. 2005. Web- Spinning Caterpillar Stalks Snails. Science" type="book" year="2005">Rubinoff and Haines 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2BFFFF5678FC84FA51FC06F9D4" authorityName="Doorenweerd & Austin & Rubinoff & n & n & n & n & n" authorityYear="2023" box="[857,968,1466,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desilvai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96DEABAFFFF5678FC84FA51FC06F9D4" box="[857,968,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="39">H. desilvai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar diet, but this will need to be confirmed with future field observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |