treatments-xml/data/03/AF/59/03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1.xml

<document id="9B4C53846D6F2584EE2DDC1B79CF07A5" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.012" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036426" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1730743625275" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manning, J. C. &amp; Helme, N. A." docDate="2014" docId="03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.2014.92.44-46.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 92 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.01.012" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.2:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Amphiglossa foliosa J. C. Manning &amp; N. A. Helme 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF962178A66FFF88BB57FFFB4E1FFFD7" masterDocTitle="Amphiglossa foliosa (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae, Relhaniinae), a new species from southern Namaqualand, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1730989497887" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:title id="D1C45BDE4C29F47ACA3CCBA99AE1BEC0">Amphiglossa foliosa (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae, Relhaniinae), a new species from southern Namaqualand, South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C3939DA6B07B1B9D5CDD31938CF8B731" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DBC9DBBDB69547D4BB57955D50295784">
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<mods:namePart id="7FFFB04B2B494F6DC1546C3E99F4825E">Manning, J. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FBE2924899CE95BED71855A044D2AA3C">Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 7, Claremont 7735, South Africa &amp; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4C23DBEEED3B0F54F73EC3052C328C69">Helme, N. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0E925719835CBA36D467FE7FAEE7AD04">P. O. Box 22652, Scarborough 7975, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D57B195DCFCB036051B592B652D774C7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="812ABB65ACA97D5BBB7D8FFCA789F6B3">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DFBF16B8761EB9630A86E5AE69081AA2">
<mods:date id="7F08F7984C624AA82FB15C9BA231F0EF">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66EFF89BB26FF294C38FF31" box="[113,551,210,230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BB26FF294C38FF31" blockId="1.[113,551,210,230]" box="[113,551,210,230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66EFF89BB26FF294C38FF31" box="[113,551,210,230]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB26FF294C38FF31" box="[113,551,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
3.1. 
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66EFF89BBC0FF294FC6FF31" ID-CoL="D2WS" authority="J.C.Manning &amp; N.A. Helme" authorityName="J. C. Manning &amp; N. A. Helme" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,473,210,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa" status="sp. nov.">A. foliosa J.C.Manning &amp; N.A. Helme</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A241897FA66EFF89BAB5FF294C38FF31" box="[482,551,210,230]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66EFF89BB26FEF14EABFE5A" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BB26FEF14ECDFEC9" blockId="1.[113,784,266,1234]" box="[113,210,266,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66EFF89BB26FEF14ECDFEC9" box="[113,210,266,286]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB26FEF14ECDFEC9" box="[113,210,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
3.1.1. 
<typeStatus id="54BD56B4A66EFF89BBF0FEF14ECDFEC9" box="[167,210,266,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BBC6FEDC4EABFE5A" blockId="1.[113,784,266,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66EFF89BBC6FEDC4C87FEA5" collectedFrom="ecotone between quartzite and granite" collectingDate="2008-11-15" collectionCode="NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Oorkraal 114" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49C226F4A66EFF89BBC6FEDC4F00FEED" box="[145,287,295,314]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
, 3118 (
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDD726CA66EFF89BA3BFEDC4C1DFEED" box="[364,514,295,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Vanrhynsdorp</collectingMunicipality>
): ± 
<locationDeviation id="9A0BF134A66EFF89B97CFEDC4D14FEED" box="[555,779,295,314]" location="Nuwerus" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B97CFEDC4C73FEED" box="[555,620,295,314]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
SE of Nuwerus
</locationDeviation>
, 
<location id="8ED9BECDA66EFF89BB26FEB84EEBFE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1:8ED9BECDA66EFF89BB26FEB84EEBFE81" box="[113,244,323,342]" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" name="Oorkraal 114" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Western Cape">Oorkraal 114</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A0BF134A66EFF89BA57FEB84FB8FE81" box="[256,423,323,342]" location="Rooidraai" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">NW of Rooidraai</locationDeviation>
, (
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BAEBFEB84FCFFE81" box="[444,464,323,342]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">−</emphasis>
AB), 
<collectedFrom id="381AABEBA66EFF89B953FEB84EFDFEA5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">ecotone between quartzite and granite</collectedFrom>
, 
<date id="FFB8CED6A66EFF89BBBBFEA54F71FEA5" box="[236,366,350,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" value="2008-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EFFC373EA66EFF89BBBBFEA54F71FEA5" box="[236,366,350,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" value="2008-11-15">15 Nov. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26F38DC0A66EFF89BA2FFEA44FFBFEA5" box="[376,484,351,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
5810 (
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66EFF89B97FFEA44C47FEA5" box="[552,600,351,370]" collectionName="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="54BD56B4A66EFF89B936FEA44C8EFEA5" box="[609,657,351,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">holo</typeStatus>
.;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66EFF89B9C9FEA44EAFFE5A" collectedFrom="ecotone between quartzite and granite" collectingDate="2008-11-15" collectionCode="K, MO, PRE, S" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Oorkraal" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66EFF89B9C9FEA44CB2FEA5" box="[670,685,351,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66EFF89B9E0FEA44CC4FEA5" box="[695,731,351,370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66EFF89B9B2FEA44D13FEA5" box="[741,780,351,370]" collectionName="PRE" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">PRE</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66EFF89BB26FE804E62FE59" box="[113,125,379,398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">S</collectionCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="54BD56B4A66EFF89BBD0FE814EB9FE5A" box="[135,166,378,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">iso</typeStatus>
.)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66EFF89BBC6FE6D4EF6FB05" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BBC6FE6D4EF6FB05" blockId="1.[113,784,266,1234]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
Sprawling, multi-stemmed, divaricately branched shrublet to 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BB26FE494EDCFE11" box="[113,195,434,454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
tall with brittle branches to 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA8FFE494C35FE11" box="[472,554,434,454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 mm</quantity>
long, puberulous when young, glabrescent, 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA65FE354F9CFE35" box="[306,387,462,482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
diam., chestnut brown but covered with flaking cuticle and appearing dull greyish, young branches laxly leafy with internodes ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA7EFDFD4F71FDCE" box="[297,366,518,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long, older branches leafless; short-shoots sparse and present only on youngest and older stems. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B926FDDA4CB2FDE2" box="[625,685,545,565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Leaves</emphasis>
spreading or slightly deflexed, twisted ±270̊–360̊, primary leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate, 8–15 × (2–) 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BAD6FDA14FC9FDBA" box="[385,470,602,621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 mm</quantity>
, narrowed to short petiole-like base ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BBE0FD8D4EEFFD5E" box="[183,240,630,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, leaves on short-shoots linear-oblanceolate, apically recurved-mucronulate, margins involute, strongly discolorous, abaxial surface glabrous, greyish green, 1–5 veined from base, veins prominently raised abaxially, adaxial surface white-felted, probably persistent for one season only. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BA4BFD1F4F75FD2F" box="[284,362,740,760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Capitula</emphasis>
developing in uppermost 2 to 8 leaf axils, solitary in spike-like synflorescences or more commonly up to 4 on lateral branchlets in pseudopaniculate synflorescences, sessile, discoid, homogamous, (9) 10 to 12-flowered; involucres cylindrical to narrowly cup-shaped, 6.5–7.0 × 2.0– 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA3AFCAE4FAAFCBF" box="[365,437,853,872]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, bracts ±30, inner progressively longer, dry and firm-textured with narrow papery margins, apiculate, thinly woolly distally, outer 4 or 5 series pale straw-coloured with stereome flushed dark brown distally, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–5.0 mm long, erect, inner 2 or 3 series oblong, 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA34FC3F4FAEFC0F" box="[355,433,964,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long, with dark wine-red ovate apical appendage 1.5–2.0 mm, apiculate, weakly spreading apically. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B9F8FC244D11FC24" box="[687,782,991,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Receptacle</emphasis>
flat, 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BBCEFC074ECFFBD8" box="[153,208,1020,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diam., honeycombed. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BAF7FC004FC3FBD8" box="[416,476,1019,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Florets</emphasis>
bisexual, corolla pale pink, cylindrical, ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BB9FFBE34F0CFBFC" box="[200,275,1048,1067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long, 5-lobed. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BAF4FBEC4FF5FBFC" box="[419,490,1047,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Anthers</emphasis>
feathery-tailed, ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B9F6FBE34CC5FBFC" box="[673,730,1048,1067]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB26FBC84EB7FB90" box="[113,168,1075,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Ovary</emphasis>
subterete, 5-ribbed with lateral ribs strongest, ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B92AFBCF4CA9FB90" box="[637,694,1076,1095]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, annulus indistinct; style ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89BA00FBAB4F8BFBB4" box="[343,404,1104,1123]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, branches ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B96FFBAB4C8AFBB4" box="[568,661,1104,1123]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
long, stigma marginal. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB87FB904F0EFBA8" box="[208,273,1131,1151]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Pappus</emphasis>
bristles ±20, connate at base, ± 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B912FB974C8BFBA8" box="[581,660,1132,1151]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long, barbed in basal quarter to third otherwise strongly plumose, with seta to 
<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66EFF89B980FB734D10FB4C" box="[727,783,1160,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, tufted apically. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BA11FB594F89FB61" box="[326,406,1186,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Cypselas</emphasis>
unknown. 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B95DFB594C86FB61" box="[522,665,1186,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Flowering time</emphasis>
: November (
<figureCitation id="133DF493A66EFF89BB2CFB444EA9FB05" box="[123,182,1215,1234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[951,976,1057,1071]" captionTargetBox="[858,1468,142,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-718@1.[856,1470,139,1021]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Amphiglossa foliosa, Helme 5810 (NBG, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036428/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="133DF493A66EFF89BB98FB444EC4FB05" box="[207,219,1215,1234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[921,946,1972,1986]" captionTargetBox="[923,1401,1305,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-728@1.[915,1410,1298,1936]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Amphiglossa foliosa, Helme 5810. Detail of synflorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036430/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF79B89EA66EFF89B8E0FBDA4B7FFBF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036428" box="[951,1376,1056,1071]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036428/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" startId="1.[951,976,1057,1071]" targetBox="[858,1468,142,1020]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89B8E0FBDA4B7FFBF8" blockId="1.[951,1376,1056,1071]" box="[951,1376,1056,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B8E0FBDA4DFBFBF8" bold="true" box="[951,996,1057,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66EFF89B8BEFBDB4AAEFBF8" authority=", Helme" authorityName="Helme" box="[1001,1201,1056,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B8BEFBDB4A68FBF8" box="[1001,1143,1056,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Amphiglossa foliosa</emphasis>
, Helme
</taxonomicName>
5810 (NBG, holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66EFF89BB26FB0D4C84F9F6" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BB26FB0D4F9BFADD" blockId="1.[113,784,1270,1569]" box="[113,388,1270,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66EFF89BB26FB0D4F9BFADD" box="[113,388,1270,1290]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB26FB0D4F9BFADD" box="[113,388,1270,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">3.1.2. Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BBC6FAE84C84F9F6" blockId="1.[113,784,1270,1569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
The species is endemic to the Knersvlakte and is known from five populations between Nuwerus and Klawer in southern Namaqualand, 
<collectingRegion id="49C226F4A66EFF89BB26FAB04EE8FA89" box="[113,247,1355,1374]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
, from 
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alt. (
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). Plants at the known localities (two of which are sight observations) are common but highly localized (&lt;3 ha in extent). The 
<typeStatus id="54BD56B4A66EFF89BAF5FA784FD3FA41" box="[418,460,1411,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
population occurs on the edaphic interface between quartzite and granite, in Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9795E7A66EFF89BBB4FA414FBEFA1A" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Jurgens, N. &amp; Le Roux, A. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. &amp; Schmiedel, U. &amp; Esler, K. J. &amp; Powrie, L. W. &amp; Desmet, P. G. &amp; Milton, J." box="[227,417,1466,1486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" pagination="221 - 300" refId="ref2290" refString="Mucina, L., Jurgens, N., Le Roux, A., Rutherford, M. C., Schmiedel, U., Esler, K. J., Powrie, L. W., Desmet, P. G., Milton, J., 2006. Succulent Karoo Biome. In: Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L. (Eds.), The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia, 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 221 - 300." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mucina et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Other populations occur on quartz patches in Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld, on mixed shale and quartz substrates in Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld, and occasionally on loamy soils in Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9795E7A66EFF89BA8DF9F54C92F9F6" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Jurgens, N. &amp; Le Roux, A. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. &amp; Schmiedel, U. &amp; Esler, K. J. &amp; Powrie, L. W. &amp; Desmet, P. G. &amp; Milton, J." box="[474,653,1550,1569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" pagination="221 - 300" refId="ref2290" refString="Mucina, L., Jurgens, N., Le Roux, A., Rutherford, M. C., Schmiedel, U., Esler, K. J., Powrie, L. W., Desmet, P. G., Milton, J., 2006. Succulent Karoo Biome. In: Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L. (Eds.), The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia, 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 221 - 300." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mucina et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66EFF8ABB26F9BE4FD3FBD8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89BB26F9BE4EE1F98E" blockId="1.[113,783,1605,1988]" box="[113,254,1605,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66EFF89BB26F9BE4EE1F98E" box="[113,254,1605,1625]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BB26F9BE4EE1F98E" box="[113,254,1605,1625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">3.1.3. Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF8ABBC6F99A4CBFFC6C" blockId="1.[113,783,1605,1988]" lastBlockId="2.[90,760,795,1039]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66EFF89BBC6F99A4F5BF9A2" box="[145,324,1633,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celans">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BBC6F99A4F5BF9A2" box="[145,324,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Amphiglossa celans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognised by its sprawling, laxly leafy stems with relatively large, spreading or deflexed leaves, oblanceolate and 8–15 ×(2–) 
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, inner involucral bracts with dark, wine-red apical appendages, early flowering, and the relatively numerous florets, 9 to 12 per capitulum. 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BA77F92B4F6FF933" box="[288,368,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">A. celans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from coastal Namaqualand between Garies and Kotzesrus, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66EFF89BA79F9174C6FF8D7" authority="Koekemoer" authorityName="Koekemoer" box="[302,624,1772,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rudolphii">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BA79F9174FE3F8D7" box="[302,508,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Amphiglossa rudolphii</emphasis>
Koekemoer
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from further inland, between Loeriesfontein and Worcester, are discoid species with similarly laxly leafy stems, and 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BAF5F8DF4FEAF8EF" box="[418,501,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">A. foliosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused with 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BBF2F8BB4EE8F883" box="[165,247,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">A. celans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares the strongly bicoloured involucres with inner bracts tipped dark wine-red. 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89BAE2F8A74C1DF8A7" box="[437,514,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">A.celans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinctive, wiry, strongly flexuose branches with divaricately spreading flowering branchlets bearing 3 or 4 capitula at the ends. The leaves on the flowering shoots are linear or narrowly elliptic and mostly 3–8 × 
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, and the involucres are densely tomentose, with the outer bracts joined together by matted hairs. The capitula contain just 5 florets each and the pappus bristles are only shortly plumose, with setae up to 
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long. The species occurs in deep sandy habitats and flowers in late summer and autumn, between February and April. The stems and branches in 
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66DFF8ABB0DFCE04EB4FCF8" box="[90,171,795,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABB0DFCE04EB4FCF8" box="[90,171,795,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">A. foliosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are thicker and not flexuose and the capitula are more numerous and arranged in panicle like synflorescences, with larger leaves on the flowering branches, oblanceolate and mostly 8–15 × 3–7. The involucres are only thinly tomentose with the outer bracts not cohering, the capitula each contains 9–12 florets, with strongly plumose pappus bristles, the seta ± 
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long, and flowering is in November.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF79B89EA66EFF89B8CEF84F4B61F815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036430" box="[921,1406,1971,1986]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036430/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" startId="1.[921,946,1972,1986]" targetBox="[923,1401,1305,1935]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66EFF89B8CEF84F4B61F815" blockId="1.[921,1406,1971,1986]" box="[921,1406,1971,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B8CEF84F4DD8F815" bold="true" box="[921,967,1972,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66EFF89B89CF8484A8CF815" authority=", Helme" authorityName="Helme" box="[971,1171,1971,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliosa">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66EFF89B89CF8484A45F815" box="[971,1114,1971,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Amphiglossa foliosa</emphasis>
, Helme
</taxonomicName>
5810. Detail of synflorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF79B89EA66DFF8ABB96FD294C8EFD37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14036432" box="[193,657,721,736]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14036432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" startId="2.[193,218,722,736]" targetBox="[123,727,141,686]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8ABB96FD294C8EFD37" blockId="2.[193,657,721,736]" box="[193,657,721,736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABB96FD294EEFFD37" bold="true" box="[193,240,722,736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABA32FD2A4FEBFD37" box="[357,500,721,736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Amphiglossa foliosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABAABFD2A4C15FD37" bold="true" box="[508,522,721,736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">●</emphasis>
(sight record, 
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8AB920FD2A4C9AFD37" bold="true" box="[631,645,721,736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">○</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8ABB2DFC3F4FD3FBD8" blockId="2.[90,760,795,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
Among the species of 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABA16FC384FAEFC00" box="[321,433,963,983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Amphiglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with discoid capitula, only 
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<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8AB9FEFC384CE8FC00" box="[681,759,963,983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">A. foliosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C069395A66DFF8ABBD4FC244F86FC24" authority="(F. Brusse) Koekemoer" authorityName="Koekemoer" baseAuthorityName="F. Brusse" box="[131,409,991,1011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Amphiglossa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecta">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABBD4FC244EDAFC24" box="[131,197,991,1011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">A. tecta</emphasis>
(F.Brusse) Koekemoer
</taxonomicName>
, from Postmasburg in 
<collectingRegion id="49C226F4A66DFF8AB93DFC1B4CEBFC24" box="[618,756,992,1011]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
, have more than 5 florets per capitulum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66DFF8ABB0DFBC94A7EFED5" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8ABB0DFBC94F5EFB91" blockId="2.[90,759,1074,1206]" box="[90,321,1074,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66DFF8ABB0DFBC94F5EFB91" box="[90,321,1074,1094]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABB0DFBC94F5EFB91" box="[90,321,1074,1094]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">3.1.4. Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8ABB2DFBAB4A7EFED5" blockId="2.[90,759,1074,1206]" lastBlockId="2.[805,1474,155,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
We estimate the total known populations to number ±2500–5000 plants but suspect that various undiscovered subpopulations exist in the region. The total area of occupancy is estimated to be &lt;
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. One of the known localities (Gideonsoord near Klawer) is expected to lose about half of the subpopulation to a proposed dam and associated new cultivation, and there are thus definite, ongoing threats to the species. We recommend a provisional classification of VU D 
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terms of the IUCN criteria (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31CBB9DA66DFF8AB872FED44A59FDD1" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8AB872FED44A28FE94" blockId="2.[805,1079,303,323]" box="[805,1079,303,323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0F15F7AA66DFF8AB872FED44A28FE94" box="[805,1079,303,323]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8AB872FED44A28FE94" box="[805,1079,303,323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">3.2. Additional specimens seen</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9E816A66DFF8AB813FE934A59FDD1" blockId="2.[805,1475,360,518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66DFF8AB813FE934D77FE64" collectingDate="2007-09-06" collectionCode="NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Nuwerus" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="49C226F4A66DFF8AB813FE934DCDFEAC" box="[836,978,360,379]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
—3118 (
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDD726CA66DFF8ABF71FE934AA3FEAC" box="[1062,1212,360,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Vanrhynsdorp</collectingMunicipality>
): ± 
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<quantity id="4CFE45F3A66DFF8ABFB2FE934B38FEAC" box="[1253,1319,360,379]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of
</locationDeviation>
<location id="8ED9BECDA66DFF8ABE33FE934BA1FEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1:8ED9BECDA66DFF8ABE33FE934BA1FEAC" box="[1380,1470,360,379]" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" name="Nuwerus" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Western Cape">Nuwerus</location>
, 
<location id="8ED9BECDA66DFF8AB872FE7F4DBDFE40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1:8ED9BECDA66DFF8AB872FE7F4DBDFE40" box="[805,930,388,407]" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" name="Oorkraal 114" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Western Cape">Oorkraal 114</location>
, NW of 
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, (
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABF0AFE7F4A6EFE40" box="[1117,1137,388,407]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">−</emphasis>
AB), 
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<collectingDate id="EFFC373EA66DFF8ABFF6FE7F4B07FE40" box="[1185,1304,388,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2007-09-06">6 Sept. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26F38DC0A66DFF8ABE76FE7F4B92FE40" box="[1313,1421,388,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
4907 (
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),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66DFF8AB83AFE5B4AFCFE64" box="[877,1251,415,435]" collectingDate="2008-05-16" collectionCode="NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Nuwerus" municipality="Vanrhynsdorp" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<date id="FFB8CED6A66DFF8AB83AFE5B4DF1FE64" box="[877,1006,416,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2008-05-16">
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</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26F38DC0A66DFF8AB8A0FE5B4A7BFE64" box="[1015,1124,416,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
5459 (
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)
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; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66DFF8ABFBBFE5B4DBFFE3D" collectingDate="2009-07-29" collectionCode="AB, NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Karee Berg 113" municipality="Nuwerus" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
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SE of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDD726CA66DFF8ABE32FE5B4BA1FE64" box="[1381,1470,416,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Nuwerus</collectingMunicipality>
, on 
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, near summit, (
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<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66DFF8ABFC0FE474AA9FE18" box="[1175,1206,444,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">AB</collectionCode>
), 
<date id="FFB8CED6A66DFF8ABF9FFE474B58FE18" box="[1224,1351,443,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2009-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EFFC373EA66DFF8ABF9FFE474B58FE18" box="[1224,1351,443,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2009-07-29">29 July 2009</collectingDate>
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, 
<collectorName id="26F38DC0A66DFF8ABE04FE474BDDFE19" box="[1363,1474,443,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
6400 (
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66DFF8AB833FE2C4D86FE3D" box="[868,921,471,490]" collectionName="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B6EE24BA66DFF8AB8FDFE234A5DFDD1" collectingDate="2013-08-21" collectionCode="NBG" collectorName="N. A. Helme" location="Gideonsoord 303" municipality="Klawer" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
<locationDeviation id="9A0BF134A66DFF8AB8FDFE234A0AFE3D" bearing="270.0" box="[938,1045,471,491]" distance="7000.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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W of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDD726CA66DFF8ABF4AFE2C4A7BFE3D" box="[1053,1124,471,490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Klawer</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8ED9BECDA66DFF8ABF38FE2C4B06FE3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AF5900A66EFF8ABB26FF294A59FDD1:8ED9BECDA66DFF8ABF38FE2C4B06FE3C" box="[1135,1305,471,491]" municipality="Klawer" name="Gideonsoord 303" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Gideonsoord 303</location>
, (
<emphasis id="B9723404A66DFF8ABE79FE2C4B5DFE3D" box="[1326,1346,471,490]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">−</emphasis>
DC), 
<date id="FFB8CED6A66DFF8ABE20FE234D49FDD1" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2013-08-21">
<collectingDate id="EFFC373EA66DFF8ABE20FE234D49FDD1" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="2013-08-21">21 Aug. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26F38DC0A66DFF8AB809FE084DD6FDD1" box="[862,969,499,518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">N.A. Helme</collectorName>
7795 (
<collectionCode id="ED1770D3A66DFF8ABF5EFE084A24FDD1" box="[1033,1083,499,518]" collectionName="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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