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<document id="5E608722CE0C1CE2CE375E858449E4BD" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701237315" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233906" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629521136459" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sánchez, Juan A." docDate="2007" docId="03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.41.9-12.493-509.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 41 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701237315" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tobagogorgia hardyi Sánchez 2007, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="504" masterDocId="FF97320CFF84FFCBFF2A8834FFB6F722" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites" masterLastPageNumber="509" masterPageNumber="493" pageNumber="501" updateTime="1699075724117" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD2EDBC3C4A5CC6D893E296F59920BC9">
<mods:title id="581E56CD8362EAAECC8227A98A695841">A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F5506EBCBCEC4B5646D31E5D4264F8A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4B463F044289CFD05C51DED37C2FB3C9">
<mods:roleTerm id="119C2907BE910B368BCC548F40431EC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F67424265288F25291B792C08BCF517D">Sánchez, Juan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="74C9EAE1B41F519236382117738E53C2">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E16AEA9D1FC43C26B79E1490F653F672">
<mods:date id="B245E395C801D2A97DA3B9C23D36A910">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="850966F6FA63B2CDF6CF8B1B2C89C88C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="72A73D43E4C9CA5DF8688F34153D3DFE">2007-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2590CC666941D874C4DDB304FA0171F9">41</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DD1E2420FF11D5B5F21440882E327B4D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="43D7854C2E235CCCD7A51893DABE0AAD">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EAD6520571FE6DD097CF23AD2CCCD514">493</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E857B68426862C4ED1D44E209266DCC6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1129857572ED4503A52BDCD264BE091C" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701237315</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C4E62678F2FBF01B87BA4415D6936429" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ED3EFE1932DCC70BAC34635406551AAF" type="Zenodo-Dep">5233906</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
<subSubSection id="C31DA8E9FF8DFFC2FE878A3EFCC8F500" box="[429,894,522,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8DFFC2FE878A3EFCC8F500" blockId="9.[429,894,522,579]" box="[429,894,522,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
<heading id="D0F04C0EFF8DFFC2FE878A3EFCC8F500" box="[429,894,522,546]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8DFFC2FE878A3EFD77F500" ID-CoL="7CG9B" authority="Sánchez, 2007" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[429,705,522,546]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8DFFC2FE878A3EFD77F500" bold="true" box="[429,705,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Tobagogorgia hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2409A0BFF8DFFC2FDE08A3EFCC8F500" box="[714,894,522,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31DA8E9FF8DFFC7FD6B8A1FFC87F6A1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8DFFC2FD6B8A1FFD47F561" blockId="9.[429,894,522,579]" box="[577,753,555,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
(
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8DFFC2FD628A1FFD0DF561" box="[584,699,555,579]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Figures 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8DFFC2FDE38A1FFD5EF561" box="[713,744,555,579]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="11.[138,198,606,625]" captionTargetBox="[311,1012,133,570]" captionTargetId="figure-365@11.[311,1013,133,570]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 10. Colony of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. off Bobby Island, 30 m, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006. Inset: complete colony." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233928/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8DFFC2FFA08A52FD0DF5FD" blockId="9.[138,1185,614,735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
<materialsCitation id="3B6FF13FFF8DFFC2FFA08A52FD02F55C" box="[138,692,614,638]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" specimenCode="USNM 1093840" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54BC45C0FF8DFFC2FFA08A52FF4CF55C" box="[138,250,614,638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBA15319FF8DFFC2FE2E8A52FE7FF55C" box="[260,457,614,638]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="Museum">USNM 1093840</specimenCode>
(ethanol preserved)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B6FF13FFF8DFFC2FD948A52FD0EF5FD" collectingDate="2002-08-16" collectionCode="USNM" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="western Atlantic" elevation="27" location="All" municipality="Charlotteville" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" specimenCode="USNM 1093841" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54BC45C0FF8DFFC2FD948A52FC84F55C" box="[702,818,614,638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBA15319FF8DFFC2FC178A52FBB4F55C" box="[829,1026,614,638]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" type="Museum">USNM 1093841</specimenCode>
and 1093842 (dry preserved).
<location id="8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FE618AB3FEDAF5BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1:8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FE618AB3FEDAF5BD" box="[331,364,647,671]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="western Atlantic" municipality="Charlotteville" name="All" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">All</location>
specimens from sand and rubble basin of
<location id="8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FC728AB3FBA8F5BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1:8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FC728AB3FBA8F5BD" box="[856,1054,647,671]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="western Atlantic" municipality="Charlotteville" name="Man-of-War Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Man-of-War Bay</location>
(off
<location id="8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FB7C8AB3FF67F59D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE4A74FF8DFFC7FE878A3EFC87F6A1:8ED8ADB9FF8DFFC2FB7C8AB3FF67F59D" country="Trinidad and Tobago" county="western Atlantic" municipality="Charlotteville" name="Booby Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Booby Island</location>
coral reef),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDC6118FF8DFFC2FE708A93FE4DF59D" box="[346,507,679,703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Charlotteville</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F310BBF2FF8DFFC2FD2C8A93FDD6F59D" box="[518,608,679,703]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Tobago</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="F310BBF2FF8DFFC2FD448A93FCD9F59D" box="[622,879,679,703]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCounty id="62D983EEFF8DFFC2FCA98A93FBF7F59D" box="[899,1089,679,703]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">western Atlantic</collectingCounty>
, at
<quantity id="4CFF5687FF8DFFC2FB428A93FB17F59D" box="[1128,1185,679,703]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" unit="m" value="27.0">
<elevation id="002A1C51FF8DFFC2FB428A93FB17F59D" box="[1128,1185,679,703]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(collected using scuba diving),
<date id="FFB9DDA2FF8DFFC2FEDD8AF3FD0EF5FD" box="[503,696,711,735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" value="2002-08-16">
<collectingDate id="EFFD244AFF8DFFC2FEDD8AF3FD0EF5FD" box="[503,696,711,735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" value="2002-08-16">16 August 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8DFFC0FFA08B3CFBD5F425" blockId="9.[138,1185,776,897]" lastBlockId="11.[138,1185,718,775]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8DFFC2FFA08B3CFECFF402" box="[138,377,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
The genus and species can be distinguished by the presence of both enlarged ornamentation with multiple spines on the convex side of the asymmetrical sclerites from the surface layer (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8DFFC2FED18B7DFDC4F443" box="[507,626,841,865]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
), and irregularly bent spindles in the inner layer (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8DFFC2FFB88B5DFEB8F4A3" box="[146,270,873,897]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
). Cylindrical branches and polyps placed throughout the branch (no rows or grooves) can distinguish this genus from
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FD428AFAFD50F5C4" box="[616,742,718,742]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FD428AFAFD50F5C4" box="[616,742,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have analogous sclerite forms.
<typeStatus id="54BC45C0FF8FFFC0FFA08ADBFF70F425" box="[138,198,751,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FE1B8ADBFDA7F425" authority="Sánchez, 2007" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[305,529,751,775]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FE1B8ADBFDA7F425" box="[305,529,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobagogorgia hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2409A0BFF8FFFC0FD318ADBFD25F425" box="[539,659,751,775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; by monotypy and original designation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF78ABEAFF8DFFC2FFA08E52FDA1F1B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233920/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" startId="9.[138,198,1638,1657]" targetBox="[246,1076,943,1602]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8DFFC2FFA08E52FDA1F1B1" blockId="9.[138,1185,1638,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">
Figure 7. SEM stereopairs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8DFFC2FE898E52FD2BF15B" authority="(Nutting)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[419,669,1638,1657]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="501" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8DFFC2FE898E52FD8CF15B" box="[419,570,1638,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">Pinnigorgia flava</emphasis>
(Nutting)
</taxonomicName>
. (AC) C11661, scales; (DF)
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8DFFC2FCE98E52FC61F15B" box="[963,983,1638,1657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="501">P.</emphasis>
USNM 92320. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (AC, E, F); 0.01 mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF78ABEAFF8EFFC1FF578B21FE60F461" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233922/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="502" startId="10.[125,185,789,808]" targetBox="[234,1064,133,753]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8EFFC1FF578B21FE60F461" blockId="10.[125,1173,789,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="502">
Figure 8. SEM stereopairs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8EFFC1FE808B21FD6EF40A" authority="(Nutting)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" box="[426,728,789,808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="502" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="platysoma">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8EFFC1FE808B21FDC6F40A" box="[426,624,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="502">Pinnigorgia platysoma</emphasis>
(Nutting)
</taxonomicName>
. (AC) C12123; (DF) C11674. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (AC, E, F); 0.02 mm (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF78ABEAFF8EFFC1FF578E7FFD2FF1B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="502" startId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" targetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8EFFC1FF578E7FFD2FF1B1" blockId="10.[125,1172,1611,1683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="502">
Figure 9. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8EFFC1FE788E7FFDB3F17C" authority="Sánchez, 2007" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[338,517,1611,1630]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="10" pageNumber="502" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8EFFC1FE788E7FFDB3F17C" box="[338,517,1611,1630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="502">Tobagogorgia hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2409A0BFF8EFFC1FD3B8E7FFD16F17C" box="[529,672,1611,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="502" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF78ABEAFF8FFFC0FFA08A6AFE53F5AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5233928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233928/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" startId="11.[138,198,606,625]" targetBox="[311,1012,133,570]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8FFFC0FFA08A6AFE53F5AE" blockId="11.[138,1186,606,652]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">
Figure 10. Colony of
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FE7F8A6AFDB1F553" authority="Sánchez, 2007" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[341,519,606,625]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FE7F8A6AFDB1F553" box="[341,519,606,625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobagogorgia hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2409A0BFF8FFFC0FD388A6AFD28F553" box="[530,670,606,625]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
off Bobby Island, 30 m, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006. Inset: complete colony.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8FFFC0FFA08B1BFB17F3EE" blockId="11.[138,1185,815,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FFA08B1BFE49F465" box="[138,511,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">
Description.
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FE328B1BFE49F465" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[280,511,815,839]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi">Tobagogorgia hardyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has overall morphological features as other gorgoniid octocorals, which include spindles,
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and complex (many internal geometrical/ fractal subwarts) warts (or tubercles) disposed in transverse girdles, usually,
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wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EF968693FF8FFFC0FFB88BA5FE3AF48B" author="Sanchez JA &amp; McFadden CS &amp; France SC &amp; Lasker HR" box="[146,396,913,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" pagination="975 - 987" refId="ref6522" refString="Sanchez JA, McFadden CS, France SC, Lasker HR. 2003 b. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of shallow-water Caribbean octocorals. Marine Biology 142: 975 - 987." type="journal article" year="2003">Sánchez et al. 2003b</bibRefCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="54BC45C0FF8FFFC0FEF28BA5FD8AF48B" box="[472,572,913,937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has slimy, whip-like, and sparsely branched colonies (one main branch and two to three daughter branches) up to
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in length (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FFB88BE6FEBAF4C8" box="[146,268,978,1002]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
). Its branches are thin and cylindrical (
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width). Living colonies are yellow (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FFC98BC6FEE3F328" box="[227,341,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="11.[138,198,606,625]" captionTargetBox="[311,1012,133,570]" captionTargetId="figure-365@11.[311,1013,133,570]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 10. Colony of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. off Bobby Island, 30 m, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006. Inset: complete colony." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233928/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 10</figureCitation>
) with even brighter polyps (grey when dry, black in alcohol). The polyps are placed throughout the branches and have robustly ornamented rods
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long (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FFB88C07FEBFF369" box="[146,265,1075,1099]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
) but do not form any particular structure. No rows or series of polyps are observable. Sclerites are colourless. Surface layer sclerites are composed of bent (asymmetrical) and ornamented spindles
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long (
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FC5C8C40FBAAF3AE" box="[886,1052,1140,1164]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[138,198,1233,1252]" captionTargetBox="[263,1060,133,1196]" captionTargetId="figure-78@5.[263,1060,133,1197]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Diverse species of gorgoniids. (A) Phyllogorgia dillatata (Brazil, USNM 5252); (B) Gorgonia mariae (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize); (C) G. ventalina (San Salvador, Bahamas); (D) Pacifigorgia elegans (Brazil, USNM 50953); (E) P. agassizi (Colombia, Invemar collection); (F) Pseudopterogorgia sp. (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize); (G) Pterogorgia anceps; (H) Leptogorgia stheno (Bocas del Toro, Panama´)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233910/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figures 2AD</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FB1A8C40FBE2F3AE" box="[1072,1108,1140,1164]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">9B</figureCitation>
). The inner sclerite layer harbours two different forms: small radiate capstans (
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:
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FFA08C80FEB6F3EE" box="[138,256,1204,1228]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
) and acute irregularly bent ornamented spindles (up to
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long:
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FB348C80FB25F3EE" box="[1054,1171,1204,1228]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 9E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8FFFC0FFA08CC1FB32F26C" blockId="11.[138,1185,1269,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FFA08CC1FEB3F22F" box="[138,261,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new genus is named for the island
<collectingCountry id="F310BBF2FF8FFFC0FDFD8CC1FC87F22F" box="[727,817,1269,1293]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobago</collectingCountry>
and the suffix
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FCF78CC1FBA9F22F" box="[989,1055,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">gorgia</emphasis>
commonly used for gorgoniid genera (feminine gender). The species is named in honour of Jerry D. Dave Hardy, Jr who has dedicated his career to the study of biodiversity in
<collectingCountry id="F310BBF2FF8FFFC0FB0B8D02FBC9F26C" box="[1057,1151,1334,1358]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobago</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF8FFFC7FFA08D43FD5BF7E3" blockId="11.[138,1185,1399,1682]" lastBlockId="12.[125,1172,137,193]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FFA08D43FEDEF2AD" box="[138,360,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Species comparisons.</emphasis>
The molecular results by
<bibRefCitation id="EF968693FF8FFFC0FDB68D43FC44F2AD" author="Aguilar C &amp; Sanchez JA" box="[668,1010,1399,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" refId="ref5612" refString="Aguilar C, Sanchez JA. 2007 a. Phylogenetic hypotheses of gorgoniid octocorals according to ITS 2 and their predicted RNA secondary structures. Molecular Phylogenetics &amp; Evolution. Forthcoming." type="book" year="2007">Aguilar and Sánchez (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
, which showed that
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FFEF8DA3FEE1F28D" authorityName="Sanchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[197,343,1431,1455]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FFEF8DA3FEE1F28D" box="[197,343,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobagogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not group close to any gorgoniid genera or species, validated a separation of this species as a new genus in spite of its colonies and sclerites resembling those of a number of other valid genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FD708DECFC8FF2D2" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[602,825,1496,1520]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FD708DECFC8FF2D2" box="[602,825,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobagogorgia hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a gorgoniid species that does not have symmetrically sculptured spindles (e.g.
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FDE98DCDFC82F133" box="[707,820,1529,1553]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="14.[125,185,935,954]" captionTargetBox="[202,1096,133,899]" captionTargetId="figure-222@14.[202,1096,133,899]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 12. Surface sclerites of several gorgonian corals. (AD) Tobagorgia hardyi new species; (E, F) Filigorgia schoutedeni (Stiasny); (G) Leptogorgia virgulata Linnaeus. (AF) SEM stereopairs. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233934/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figure 12</figureCitation>
). The combined set of sclerites of
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FF828E2DFE94F113" box="[168,290,1561,1585]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FF828E2DFE94F113" box="[168,290,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Tobagorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. both asymmetrical and irregularly bent spindles) makes it different from the diagnostic characters of homologous genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FC738E0DFC6EF173" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1931" box="[857,984,1593,1617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muriceopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FC738E0DFC6EF173" box="[857,984,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Muriceopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FB0E8E0DFB17F173" authorityName="Grasshoff and Alderslade" authorityYear="1997" box="[1060,1185,1593,1617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pinnigorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FB0E8E0DFB17F173" box="[1060,1185,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Pinnigorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133CE7E7FF8FFFC0FFB88E6EFEA8F150" box="[146,286,1626,1650]" captionStart-0="Figure 5" captionStart-1="Figure 6" captionStart-2="Figure 7" captionStart-3="Figure 8" captionStart-4="Figure 9" captionStartId-0="7.[138,198,1556,1575]" captionStartId-1="8.[125,185,1314,1333]" captionStartId-2="9.[138,198,1638,1657]" captionStartId-3="10.[125,185,789,808]" captionStartId-4="10.[125,185,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox-0="[263,1060,710,1520]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1095,133,1278]" captionTargetBox-2="[246,1076,943,1602]" captionTargetBox-3="[234,1064,133,753]" captionTargetBox-4="[269,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetId-0="figure-113@7.[263,1060,710,1520]" captionTargetId-1="figure-81@8.[202,1095,133,1278]" captionTargetId-2="figure-196@9.[246,1076,943,1602]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@10.[234,1064,133,753]" captionTargetId-4="figure-25@10.[266,1032,906,1575]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionText-0="Figure 5. Photographs of gorgonian corals from gorgoniids with asymmetrical spiny sclerites (Clade 3) in their natural environment or dry preserved. (A) Muriceopsis flavida (Lamarck) (Caribbean Sea, Bocas del Toro, Panama´; 15 m); (B) M. bayeriana Sánchez (Caribbean Sea, Bocas del Toro, Panama´; 2 m); (C, D) Pinnigorgia platysoma (Nutting) (Northern Territory Museum, Darwin, Australia; C11674; C12123); (E) P. flava (Nutting) (C11661). (CE) Courtesy: Phil Alderslade." captionText-1="Figure 6. SEM stereopairs of Muriceopsis sulphurea Donovan (USNM 5298), Brazil. (A) Detail from (C) of the warts from sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; (BH) different forms from the sclerites of the surface. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (A); 0.1 mm (BD, F, H); 0.02 mm (E, G)." captionText-2="Figure 7. SEM stereopairs of Pinnigorgia flava (Nutting). (AC) C11661, scales; (DF) P. USNM 92320. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (AC, E, F); 0.01 mm (D)." captionText-3="Figure 8. SEM stereopairs of Pinnigorgia platysoma (Nutting). (AC) C12123; (DF) C11674. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (AC, E, F); 0.02 mm (D)." captionText-4="Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (BE)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233916" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233918" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233920" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233922" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233926" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5233916/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5233918/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5233920/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5233922/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5233926/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">Figures 59</figureCitation>
). The latter two genera are also profusely branched, including pinnate patterns, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FE738E4FFE09F1B0" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[345,447,1658,1682]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FE738E4FFE09F1B0" box="[345,447,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">T. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has one or two branches only. Externally,
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF8FFFC0FC8E8E4FFBBCF1B0" authorityName="Sánchez" authorityYear="2007" box="[932,1034,1658,1682]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Tobagogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="11" pageNumber="503" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hardyi">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF8FFFC0FC8E8E4FFBBCF1B0" box="[932,1034,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="503">T. hardyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
looks similar to some
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF88FFC7FFCE88BDFED4F783" box="[228,354,137,161]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="504" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF88FFC7FFCE88BDFED4F783" box="[228,354,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">Leptogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies that also barely branches but it is clear that the sclerites are very different and thus their phylogenetic divergence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF88FFC7FF5788CDFD22F633" blockId="12.[125,660,249,273]" box="[125,660,249,273]" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF88FFC7FF5788CDFD22F633" box="[125,660,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">Clade 4. Gorgoniids with long and spiny spindles</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8FB62FF88FFC7FF57891EFC87F6A1" blockId="12.[125,1172,298,387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">
Surface coenenchyme with long spindles with multiple (regular or irregular) rows of ornaments, occasionally spiny towards one side. This clade includes the
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF88FFC7FCEC897FFB22F641" authorityName=": Grasshoff" authorityYear="1988" box="[966,1172,331,355]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="504" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ridouri">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF88FFC7FCEC897FFB22F641" box="[966,1172,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">Leptogorgia ridouri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0780E1FF88FFC7FF9B8958FEDEF6A1" authorityName=": Grasshoff" authorityYear="1988" box="[177,360,363,387]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="504" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sanguinolenta">
<emphasis id="B9732770FF88FFC7FF9B8958FEDEF6A1" box="[177,360,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="504">L. sanguinolenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF968693FF88FFC7FD4B895FFC9BF6A1" author="Grasshoff M" box="[609,813,363,387]" pageId="12" pageNumber="504" pagination="91 - 147" refId="ref6048" refString="Grasshoff M. 1988. The genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) in West Africa. Atlantide Report 14: 91 - 147." type="book chapter" year="1988">Grasshoff (1988)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>