treatments-xml/data/03/AC/C4/03ACC40DFFB70331FF410929FAA8FAD9.xml
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<mods:title id="49CB595A8F2CFE38772BF32A2F9D63BA">Redescription and review of the Neotropical genus Carohamilia Dyar, 1940 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A4F8AB99E20D6F1143419628D78408C6">Naydenov, Artem E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DDCAB3D23B173D413FC1B09F239620A6">Yakovlev, Roman V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="879AAB05B3E596DD40556D6406C7E96E">Altai State University, pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. &amp; Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Lenina pr. 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia. &amp; Paleo Data Lab., Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="27426134C43309C07C12BA407D472E3F">Fundación de Historia Natural “ Félix de Azara ”, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología, Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775 piso 7 (1405 BDB) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF410929FDA8FCCA" bold="true" box="[151,533,834,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C050E98FFB70331FF380929FDA8FCCA" ID-CoL="924NV" authority="Dyar, 1940" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1940" box="[238,533,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Carohamilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF380929FE3AFCCB" bold="true" box="[238,391,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Carohamilia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9408EAFFB70331FE590928FDA8FCCA" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[399,533,834,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" pagination="1265 - 1285" refId="ref3560" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1940) Cossidae. Seitz, A. (ed.) Die exotischen Grossschmetterlinge, Die Amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1265 - 1285." type="book chapter" year="1940">Dyar, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA751BFFB70331FF4109ECFB00FC09" blockId="1.[151,1213,903,928]" box="[151,1213,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB155235FFB70331FF4109ECFB00FC09" box="[151,1213,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA4530AFFB70331FF4109ECFE6FFC09" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[151,466,903,928]" page="1269" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="4C050E98FFB70331FF4109ECFE6FFC09" ID-CoL="924NV" authority="Dyar, 1940: 1269" authorityName="Ophelia Dyar, 1940:" authorityPageNumber="1269" authorityYear="1269" box="[151,466,903,928]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Carohamilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF4109ECFEA5FC09" box="[151,280,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Carohamilia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9408EAFFB70331FEC809E3FE6FFC09" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[286,466,903,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" pagination="1265 - 1285" refId="ref3560" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1940) Cossidae. Seitz, A. (ed.) Die exotischen Grossschmetterlinge, Die Amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1265 - 1285." type="book chapter" year="1940">Dyar, 1940: 1269</bibRefCitation>
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.
<typeStatus id="54BECBB9FFB70331FE0D09E3FDB0FC36" box="[475,525,904,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Type</typeStatus>
species (by original designation):
<taxonomicName id="4C050E98FFB70331FCBD09E3FB04FC09" authority="Schaus, 1921" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1921" box="[875,1209,903,927]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Lentagena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelia">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FCBD09E3FB94FC09" box="[875,1065,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Lentagena ophelia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9408EAFFB70331FBF909ECFB04FC09" author="Schaus, W." box="[1071,1209,903,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" pagination="349 - 396" refId="ref3997" refString="Schaus, W. (1921) New species of Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59, 349 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.2372.349" type="journal article" year="1921">Schaus, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA751BFFB70331FF4109A6FE6AFBC5" blockId="1.[151,1437,973,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF4109A6FE9CFC71" bold="true" box="[151,289,973,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Description</emphasis>
. Antenna grey-beige, bipectinate from base to halfway along length, distal half filiform. Length of fore wing
<quantity id="4CFDD8FEFFB70331FF00099AFEEFFB9A" box="[214,338,1009,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="13.0">1322 mm</quantity>
. Low-contrast wavy pattern on forewings is typical. Expressed portion of reticulated black pattern on border of R4, R5 with RM-cell. Black trapezoidal spot at base of fore wing. Hind wings lighter than fore wings, wavy pattern less expressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA751BFFB70331FF110E36FD98FB72" blockId="1.[151,1437,973,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Male genitalia. Uncus triangle, slightly elongated apically; gnathos arms ribbon-like, thin; gnathos reduced; valve apically rounded, costal edge relatively smooth; juxta with two leaf-like lateral processes directed dorsally; saccus robust, elongated, tapered, apically rounded; phallus thin, longer than valve, slightly thickened basally, vesica with thin belt-shaped cornutus.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C31F2690FFB70331FF110E86FD20FABA" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBA751BFFB70331FF110E86FD20FABA" blockId="1.[151,1437,973,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF110E86FE87FA91" bold="true" box="[199,314,1261,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Externally, the genus is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C050E98FFB70331FCD30E86FB92FA9E" authority="Grote, 1865" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1865" box="[773,1071,1261,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Psychonoctua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FCD30E86FC1FFA91" box="[773,930,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Psychonoctua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9408EAFFB70331FC7F0E86FB92FA9E" author="Grote, A. R." box="[937,1071,1261,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558" pagination="227 - 260" refId="ref3691" refString="Grote, A. R. (1865). Notes on the Bombycidae of Cuba. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Philadelphia, 5, 227 - 260." type="journal article" year="1865">Grote, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133E699EFFB70331FBE90E86FB21FA91" box="[1087,1180,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 110" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-150@2.[151,1436,522,1257]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 110. Zeuzerinae, adults: 1. Carohamilia masoni, ♂, lectotype, Mexico, Jalapa (USNM); 2. C. masoni, ♂, USA, Texas, Cameron Co. (MWM), (GenPrMWM: 28.629); 3. С. ophelia, ♂, holotype, Guatemala, Cayuga (USNM); 4. C. poam, ♂, holotype, Mexico, Veracruz (USNM); 5. C. poam, ♂, Belize, Punta Gorda (specimen photo NHMUK 012832455); 6. C. terrafirma, ♂, holotype, Costa Rica, Sixola Riv (USNM); 7. C. terrafirma, ♂, Colombia, Muzo, (specimen photo NHMUK 012832454); 8. C. terrafirma, ♀, holotype of Psychonoctua nullifer, Panama, Taboga Isl. (USNM); 9. Schreiteriana lineaeplena, ♂, French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Received from E. Le. Moult (specimen photo NHMUK 012832469), (NHMUK); 10. Psychonoctua personalis, ♂, Cuba, Prov. Holguin de Tanamo (MWM), (GenPrMWM: 28.557)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4964404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4964404/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133E699EFFB70331FB7F0E86FB7AFA9E" box="[1193,1223,1261,1288]" captionStart="FIGURES 1116" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1493,1517]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,420,1441]" captionTargetId="figure-92@3.[151,1436,381,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1116. Zeuzerinae, male, genitalia: 11. Carohamilia masoni, ♂, USA, Texas, Cameron Co. (GenPrMWM: 28.629); 12. С. ophelia, ♂, holotype, Guatemala, Cayuga (USNM); 13. C. poam, ♂, Belize, Punta Gorda (slide NHMUK 010315488); 14. C. terrafirma, ♂, Colombia, Muzo (slide NHMUK 010315487); 15. Schreiteriana lineaeplena, ♂, French Guiana, St. Jean de Maroni, Received from E. Le. Moult (slide NHMUK 010315500); 16. Psychonoctua personalis, ♂, Cuba, Prov. Holguin de Tanamo (GenPrMWM: 28.557)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4964406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4964406/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">16</figureCitation>
), but differs by the thin, long phallus and the long tapered saccus.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B971A909FFB70331FF110F5EFEDCFAD9" bold="true" box="[199,353,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Distribution.</emphasis>
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(
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),
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,
<collectingCountry id="F312358BFFB70331FDBC0F5EFD5BFAD9" box="[618,742,1333,1359]" name="Guatemala" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F312358BFFB70331FD270F5EFC86FAD9" box="[753,827,1333,1359]" name="Belize" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F312358BFFB70331FC190F5DFB96FAC6" box="[975,1067,1334,1360]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F312358BFFB70331FBE00F5EFB1AFAD9" box="[1078,1191,1333,1359]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F312358BFFB70331FB640F5EFAACFAD9" box="[1202,1297,1333,1359]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="558">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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