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<document id="2309B67348B703ACA8851C61FCA7BAD9" ID-CLB-Dataset="3086" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cb6ef09-a25a-42c5-849a-cd404a1d161f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763257" ID-ZooBank="080C633E-63D2-4021-8CA3-75A02D444882" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638862516369" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, Castelaci, Luciana Camurça &amp; Hamada, Neusa" docDate="2021" docId="03AC891AE866E05CFABF246BFD47FCD7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5076.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5076 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thraulodes yara Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF95F162E867E05AFA282728FFACFF8B" masterDocTitle="More about Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia: three new species, a new record and a gynandromorph report" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1699472026588" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B3F0BA25F7CD22865AE1541AAC6D7AC3">More about Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia: three new species, a new record and a gynandromorph report</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DFB912E1A0F7BA84C5EF8AA0B57D2B7">Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAAE6FDBC2AC8911C46270AB38CF860E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5428-7495</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A5409E5C710AC6929B057491F8228F17">Coordenação de Biodiversidade-CoBio, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69067 - 375, Manaus, AM, Brazil. &amp; jeanemarcelle @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5428 - 7495 &amp; neusaha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3526 - 5426</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F96811425D2BB9C1852783D9FC7A033" type="email">jeanemarcelle@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="431195F5A253537F43A69F15CF7FD9CF">Castelaci, Luciana Camurça</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="33E80590A37FA0AD06A7A599A9C760B6" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3766-5105</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D14D53DD0E127FB51EDEB8F8ECD16E46">Programa de Iniciação Científica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69067 - 375, Manaus, AM, Brazil. &amp; lucianacastelaci @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3766 - 5105</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="995E1F078019F3EC1E1CC90A0DCB0962" type="email">lucianacastelaci@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="6A85B26F22E76E94CAFCC9553DC6BA7A">
<mods:roleTerm id="0E9CF3A8647CE426F6EFC80E7A4D01D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D3E03D771A8E864DA836308582FF5A7E">Hamada, Neusa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1742B777A8D4EDCA1654835CC61CA15" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5428-7495</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C5EABD776F9622094BFA2C10C8440DA2">Coordenação de Biodiversidade-CoBio, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69067 - 375, Manaus, AM, Brazil. &amp; jeanemarcelle @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5428 - 7495 &amp; neusaha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3526 - 5426</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9293698B17E0336EFCB0FEC6748291CC" type="email">jeanemarcelle@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C8C8704F8F6129FDD60CBC159A08778E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BF3D40E36C8CDD9521C3E2F322F12192">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9039B988F7684129733E4CFBBB5295EF">2021-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A8DF85827FBEC04E73B6ED03348AC180">5076</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="163ECBD740B0F9D4B0E13B4E210088CD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC891AE866E05CFABF246BFD47FCD7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191197791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5764218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC891AE866E05CFABF246BFD47FCD7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC891AE866E05CFABF246BFD47FCD7" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E866E05BFABF246BFE05FCD6" box="[151,425,835,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFABF246BFE05FCD6" blockId="1.[151,425,835,897]" box="[151,425,835,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F28F60E866E05BFABF246BFE05FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,425,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFABF246BFE05FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,425,835,862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE866E05BFABF246BFEF3FCD6" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,351,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFABF246BFEF3FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,351,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E866E05BFB4E246BFE05FCD6" box="[358,425,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E866E05BFABF244FFEEEFC0A" box="[151,322,871,897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFABF244FFEEEFC0A" blockId="1.[151,425,835,897]" box="[151,322,871,897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFAB7244FFEA6FC0A" box="[159,266,871,897]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1424,353,1879]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetBox-2="[200,1387,181,1918]" captionTargetBox-3="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId-0="figure-107@2.[151,1435,345,1882]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-32@4.[189,1397,181,1920]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species analyzed in this study. (A) Map of South America with detailed area containing partial region of Brazil and Peru; (B–E) sampled sites with new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae); (B) Amapá state, Oiapoque municipality, Oiapoque River, Marripá waterfalls; (C) Mato Grosso state, Alta Floresta municipality, Juruena River; (D, E) Rondônia state, Vilhena municipality, Hermes River." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, terminalia.A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateroventral view; D) caudal view." captionText-3="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763259" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763265" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5763259/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5763265/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB3F244FFE96FC0A" box="[279,314,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[195,1392,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, fore and hind wings.A) Thraulodes yara n. sp.; B) Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.; C) Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763281/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">9A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E866E05FFABF2487FE33F834" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFABF2487FB55FB2A" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFABF2487FEBEFC42" bold="true" box="[151,274,943,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male imago of the new species can be distinguished from the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE866E05BFE852487FA81FC42" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1197,1325,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFE852487FA81FC42" box="[1197,1325,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the following characteristics: (1) costal membrane basal to bulla with 4–5 very thin cross veins (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFF2D24FBFACFFC66" box="[1285,1379,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[195,1392,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, fore and hind wings.A) Thraulodes yara n. sp.; B) Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.; C) Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763281/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); (2) femora with blackish brown band on basal 2/5 and another one on apical 1/3 (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFE2024DFFBCFFB9A" box="[1032,1123,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); (3) abdominal terga II–VI translucent white, with blackish lateral mark extending to posteromedial margin (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFE1D2333FB23FBBE" box="[1077,1167,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); (4) styliger plate with dorsal extension well developed (approximately 2.4 times longer than wide) (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFE272317FBC6FBD2" box="[1039,1130,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
); (5) penis lobe with welldeveloped ear-like projection (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFBC5234BFDC5FBF6" box="[493,617,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
); (6) lateral pouch present (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BF9B4234BFBBBFBF6" box="[924,1047,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
); (7) penes spines narrow and long (approximately two times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe) (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFE4723AFFB41FB2A" box="[1135,1261,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF2383FC1FFB62" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF2383FEF5FB4E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1195,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF2383FEFEFB4E" bold="true" box="[199,338,1195,1222]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Male imago</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E866E05BFBD22383FD2EFB4D" box="[506,642,1195,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="6.2">6.2–6.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 2); forewing length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E866E05BF9822383FBAFFB4D" box="[938,1027,1195,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
; hind wing length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E866E05BFEF62383FA94FB4D" box="[1246,1336,1195,1222]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
. General coloration yellowish brown, some areas translucent white (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BF90323E7FC0BFB62" box="[811,935,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF23DBFD57FADD" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF23DBFEA8FA86" box="[199,260,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB3B23DBFE35FA86" box="[275,409,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
). Yellowish brown, with gray marks; cervix grayish. Upper portion of eyes orangish brown; lower portion dark gray. Ocelli whitish, surrounded by grayish. Antennae with scape yellowish white, pedicel brownish, yellowish basally, flagellum yellowish gray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF2277FCA9FA4A" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF2277FEB4FAF2" box="[199,280,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB0D2277FE05FAF2" box="[293,425,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum yellowish brown, washed with gray, posterior margin black. Mesonotum brownish yellow, sutures brown, except by median longitudinal suture washed with black. Pleurae and sterna brownish, with blackish and reddish marks irregularly distributed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF22E4FECCF9A6" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF22E4FF50FA6E" box="[199,252,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB2422E3FEC9FA6E" box="[268,357,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Forelegs yellowish brown; femora with blackish-brown band on basal 2/5 and another one on apical 1/3; tibiae with thin blackish brown band apically. Middle and hindlegs whitish, femora with bands and marks similar to foreleg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF2110FD89F936" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF2110FEA7F9DA" box="[199,267,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB35211FFE2EF9DA" box="[285,386,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFBB8211FFE1AF9DA" box="[400,438,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-32@12.[195,1392,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, fore and hind wings.A) Thraulodes yara n. sp.; B) Thraulodes yaciara n. sp.; C) Thraulodes ykamiaba n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763281/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">9A</figureCitation>
). Membrane of forewings hyaline, with blackish brown macula around the costal brace and bases of Sc and R; veins yellowish; costal membrane basal to bulla with 4–5 very thin cross veins and 15–17 cross veins distal to bullae. Membrane of hind wings hyaline, with dark blackish brown macula at base; with 2–3 cross veins; veins brownish yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E05BFAEF21EFFAA6F8F9" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF21EFFE9DF96A" box="[199,305,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB6921EFFE13F96A" box="[321,447,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
). Tergum I almost entirely blackish; terga II–VI translucent white, with blackish lateral mark extending to posteromedial margin; terga VII–X yellowish brown, slightly washed with red, with blackish marks on medial area near anterior margin; terga II–VI with stigmatic dot; terga VI and VII with paired, well-defined black marks medially on posterior margin. Sterna II–VI translucent white, washed with grayish brown; sterna VII–IX light yellowish brown. Caudal filaments whitish, intersegmental joints darker in all segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE866E058FAEF2053FDBEFECA" blockId="1.[151,1437,943,2014]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE866E05BFAEF2053FE9DF81E" box="[199,305,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB6B2053FE06F81E" box="[323,426,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133E2489E866E05BFB912053FDAEF81E" box="[441,514,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[189,1397,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Thraulodes yara n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), male imago, terminalia.A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateroventral view; D) caudal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763265/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">3A–D</figureCitation>
). Styliger plate yellowish translucent, with reddish marks; triangular; dorsal extension well developed (approximately 2.4 times longer than wide), with apex rounded and base narrow. Forceps whitish, distal region of segment I and segment II washed with reddish brown; with strong constriction below the middle of segment I. Penes relatively short and wide, whitish brown with red marks; apicolateral area of the penis lobe rounded, forming a well-developed ear-like projection; lateral pouch present; inner margins of the lobes almost parallels; each lobe with recurved fold slightly marked; penes spines narrow (approximately with the same width along entire length) and long (approximately two times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe), projected medially and anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A6884E865E058FABF205AFC23F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763259/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" startId="2.[151,250,1906,1930]" targetBox="[162,1424,353,1879]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE865E058FABF205AFC23F87D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1906,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE865E058FABF205AFEB8F801" bold="true" box="[151,276,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of the species analyzed in this study. (A) Map of South America with detailed area containing partial region of Brazil and Peru; (B–E) sampled sites with new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE865E058F96420BEFBA4F825" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[844,1032,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE865E058F96420BEFC13F825" box="[844,959,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Thraulodes</emphasis>
Ulmer
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE865E058FE3D20BEFB1AF825" box="[1045,1206,1942,1966]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE865E058FE9720BEFAC5F825" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[1215,1385,1942,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
); (B) Amapá state, Oiapoque municipality, Oiapoque River, Marripá waterfalls; (C) Mato Grosso state, Alta Floresta municipality, Juruena River; (D, E) Rondônia state, Vilhena municipality, Hermes River.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7A6884E864E059FABF20BFFCDDF85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763263/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" startId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[209,1377,185,1918]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE864E059FABF20BFFCDDF85F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE864E059FABF20BFFEBFF824" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE864E059FB3120B0FE6CF824" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,448,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE864E059FB3120B0FE6CF824" box="[281,448,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE864E059FBEE20B0FE53F83B" bold="true" box="[454,511,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E864E059FBEE20B0FE53F83B" box="[454,511,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE864E059F82420B0FD01F83B" box="[524,685,1944,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE864E059F89D20B0FCF2F83B" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[693,862,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
), male imago. A) habitus, lateral view; B) habitus, dorsal view; C) head and thorax, lateral view; D) male terminalia, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7A6884E863E05EFABF20B0FDB0F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" startId="4.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[200,1387,181,1918]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE863E05EFABF20B0FDB0F85F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1944,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE863E05EFABF20B0FEBEF83B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE863E05EFB3F20B0FE11F83B" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[279,445,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE863E05EFB3F20B0FE11F83B" box="[279,445,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE863E05EFBEB20B0FE57F83B" bold="true" box="[451,507,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E863E05EFBEB20B0FE57F83B" box="[451,507,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE863E05EF82F20B0FD04F83B" box="[519,680,1944,1968]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE863E05EF88720B0FCF4F83B" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[687,856,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
), male imago, terminalia. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateroventral view; D) caudal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7A6884E862E05FFABF2182FB75F96D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" startId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" targetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE862E05FFABF2182FB75F96D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1706,1767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFABF2182FEBCF949" bold="true" box="[151,272,1706,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE862E05FFB3C2182FE15F949" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[276,441,1706,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFB3C2182FE15F949" box="[276,441,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFB952183FE58F948" bold="true" box="[445,500,1707,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E862E05FFB952183FE58F948" box="[445,500,1707,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE862E05FFBD62182FD33F949" box="[510,671,1706,1730]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE862E05FF88D2182FCE2F949" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1900" box="[677,846,1706,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
), imago.A) female habitus, lateral view; B) gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE862E05FFAEF203CFD4EF810" blockId="5.[151,1437,1812,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFAEF203CFED9F8A4" bold="true" box="[199,373,1812,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFAEF203CFEC3F8A4" bold="true" box="[199,367,1812,1839]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Female imago</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E862E05FF831203CFD21F8A4" box="[537,653,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="5.0">5–5.8 mm</quantity>
(n = 4); forewing length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E862E05FF991203DFBE8F8A4" box="[953,1092,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.9">6.9–7.2 mm</quantity>
; hind wing length:
<quantity id="4CFD95E9E862E05FFF0A203DFA35F8A4" box="[1314,1433,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
. Color pattern similar to male imago, except: coloration lighter, abdominal terga II–VI without blackish brown mark extending from submedial area to posterior margin and abdominal tergum VI and VII without paired well-defined black marks medially on posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E862E05FF85320A9FD7AF810" box="[635,726,1921,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE862E05FFAEF208CFE33F834" blockId="5.[151,1437,1812,2019]" box="[199,415,1956,1983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFAEF208CFE8EF834" bold="true" box="[199,290,1956,1983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Nymph.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E862E05CFAEF20E1FF55FF5F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE862E05CFAEF20E1FF55FF5F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1812,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,861]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE862E05FFAEF20E1FEE2F868" bold="true" box="[199,334,1993,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</emphasis>
Yara, from the indigenous word “Iuara”, means “the one who lives in the water”. Iuara is a character in the Brazilian folklore represented by a mermaid who lives in the Amazon waters. This name is used in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E861E05CFAEF27F6FE09FD47" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE861E05CFAEF27F6FAF2FDB7" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFAEF27F6FEE3FF73" bold="true" box="[199,335,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CFB7F27F6FDBDFF73" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[343,529,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFB7F27F6FDBDFF73" box="[343,529,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF83127F6FDF4FF73" bold="true" box="[537,600,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E861E05CF83127F6FDF4FF73" box="[537,600,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CF8FF27F6FBA1FF73" authority="Mariano" authorityName="Mariano" box="[727,1037,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF8FF27F6FC0BFF73" box="[727,935,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Thraulodes pinhoi</emphasis>
Mariano
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9445FDE861E05CFE1927F6FB1AFF73" author="Lima, L. R. C. &amp; Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[1073,1206,222,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref5808" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2013) New especies for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingRegion id="49C1F6EEE861E05CFE1927F6FBC3FF73" box="[1073,1135,222,248]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Lima</collectingRegion>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, especially in its abdominal color pattern (terga II–VI translucent, with lateral and dorsal dark marks), femora with two blackish brown bands and in the general shape of the penes with lateral pouch present, each lobe with recurved fold slightly marked and penes spines narrow and long. However, both species can be easily differentiated as follows: in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CFECB2663FA9CFEEF" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[1251,1328,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFECB2663FA9CFEEF" box="[1251,1328,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFF1E2662FAD8FEEF" bold="true" box="[1334,1396,330,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E861E05CFF1E2662FAD8FEEF" box="[1334,1396,330,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the styliger plate has a more prominent dorsal extension (approximately 2.4 times longer than wide) with narrow base, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CFB3E26BBFED5FE27" box="[278,377,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFB3E26BBFED5FE27" box="[278,377,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. pinhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal extension is approximately 0.9 times longer than wide, with wider base; in the penis lobe, the ear-like projection is more developed in the new species than the in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CF9D2269FFBF2FE5B" box="[1018,1118,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF9D2269FFBF2FE5B" box="[1018,1118,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. pinhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the penes spines is two times longer than the width of the medial region of the penis lobe in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CF98A26F3FC5DFE7F" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[930,1009,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF98A26F3FC5DFE7F" box="[930,1009,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF9D226F2FB95FE7F" bold="true" box="[1018,1081,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E861E05CF9D226F2FB95FE7F" box="[1018,1081,474,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CFEE126F3FA81FE7F" box="[1225,1325,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFEE126F3FA81FE7F" box="[1225,1325,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. pinhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it has 2.8 times the width of penis lobe. The forewings in both species can be differentiated as follows:
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CFE8326D7FB55FD93" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[1195,1273,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFE8326D7FB55FD93" box="[1195,1273,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFF2826D6FA93FD93" bold="true" box="[1280,1343,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E861E05CFF2826D6FA93FD93" box="[1280,1343,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has 4–5 very thin cross-veins in the costal membrane basal to bulla, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CF99E250BFBB5FDB7" box="[950,1049,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinhoi">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF99E250BFBB5FDB7" box="[950,1049,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">T. pinhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these cross-veins are absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE861E05CFAEF256EFE09FD47" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFAEF256EFE41FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,493,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Gynandromorph report.</emphasis>
Among the analyzed specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C05438FE861E05CF956256EFB94FDEB" authority="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada, 2021" authorityName="Nascimento &amp; Castelaci &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2021" box="[894,1080,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CF956256EFB94FDEB" box="[894,1080,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Thraulodes yara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFE68256EFBD3FDEB" bold="true" box="[1088,1151,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2425965E861E05CFE68256EFBD3FDEB" box="[1088,1151,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
one gynandromorph was found. This individual has half of the head with male turbinate eye and the other half with female eye (
<figureCitation id="133E2489E861E05CFF2F2542FAF2FD0F" box="[1287,1374,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE4. Thraulodes yara n.sp.(Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae),imago.A) femalehabitus,lateral view;B)gynandromorph habitus, dorsal view; C) gynandromorph abdome, lateral view; D) gynandromorph terminalia, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763269/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). The abdomen has general coloration and structure similar to the female, the sternum IX is asymmetric, malformed; no eggs were seen (4B–D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6B87E861E05CFAEF25FEFD47FCD7" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBA380CE861E05CFAEF25FEFD47FCD7" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B971E41EE861E05CFAEF25FEFE1DFD7B" bold="true" box="[199,433,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3251E861E05CFB9025FEFECAFCB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415108308" collectingDate="2013-08-09" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. M. C. Nascimento &amp; N. Hamada &amp; J. O. Silva" country="Brazil" latitude="3.8021111" location="Marripa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-51.8755" municipality="Oiapoque" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amapa" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54BE86AEE861E05CFB9025FEFD89FD7B" box="[440,549,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male imago (
<collectingMethod id="5244401BE861E05CF8E925FEFC23FD7A" box="[705,911,726,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Pennsylvania trap</collectingMethod>
),
<collectingCountry id="F312789CE861E05CF98A25FEFBA6FD7B" box="[930,1034,726,752]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C1F6EEE861E05CFE3E25FEFB0FFD7A" box="[1046,1187,726,753]" country="Brazil" name="Amapa" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Amapá state</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDEA276E861E05CFE8725FEFAB0FD7B" box="[1199,1308,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Oiapoque</collectingMunicipality>
municipality,
<location id="8EDA6ED7E861E05CFAEC25D2FEB2FC9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC891AE866E05CFABF246BFD47FCD7:8EDA6ED7E861E05CFAEC25D2FEB2FC9F" box="[196,286,762,788]" country="Brazil" latitude="3.8021111" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-51.8755" municipality="Oiapoque" name="Marripa" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Amapa">Marripá</location>
waterfalls (
<geoCoordinate id="EE315ECBE861E05CFB8225D2FDFAFC9E" box="[426,598,762,789]" degrees="03" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" precision="1" seconds="07.6" value="3.8021111">03°48’07.6” N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE315ECBE861E05CF84D25D2FCBFFC9E" box="[613,787,762,789]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" precision="1" seconds="31.8" value="-51.8755">51°52’31.8” W</geoCoordinate>
);
<date id="FFBB1ECCE861E05CF90725D2FC6AFC9F" box="[815,966,762,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="2013-08-09">
<collectingDate id="EFFFE724E861E05CF90725D2FC6AFC9F" box="[815,966,762,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" value="2013-08-09">09/VIII/2013</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26F05DDAE861E05CF9FC25D2FB1FFC9F" box="[980,1203,762,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">J.M.C. Nascimento</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="26F05DDAE861E05CFEEA25D3FAE9FC9F" box="[1218,1349,762,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">N. Hamada</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F05DDAE861E05CFF4725D2FF7DFCB3" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">J.O. Silva</collectorName>
cols. (
<collectionCode id="ED14A0C9E861E05CFB302436FEF2FCB3" box="[280,350,798,824]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3251E861E05CFB472437FA34FCB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415108306" box="[367,1432,798,825]" collectingDate="2013-08-09" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. M. C. Nascimento &amp; N. Hamada &amp; J. O. Silva" country="Brazil" latitude="3.8021111" location="Marripa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-51.8755" municipality="Oiapoque" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Amapa" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54BE86AEE861E05CFB472437FE4CFCB2" box="[367,480,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D03F385E861E05CFBC12436FDE5FCB3" box="[489,585,798,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
imagoes, 1 gynandromorph (same data as holotype) (
<collectionCode id="ED14A0C9E861E05CFEB22436FB4CFCB3" box="[1178,1248,798,824]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">INPA</collectionCode>
); 01 male imago
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3251E861E05CFABF246AFD44FCD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415108301" box="[151,744,834,861]" collectingDate="2013-08-09" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="J. M. C. Nascimento &amp; N. Hamada &amp; J. O. Silva" country="Brazil" latitude="3.8021111" location="Marripa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-51.8755" municipality="Oiapoque" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Amapa" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D03F385E861E05CFABF246AFF54FCD7" box="[151,248,834,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
imagoes (same data as holotype) (
<collectionCode id="ED14A0C9E861E05CF854246AFD4CFCD7" box="[636,736,834,860]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">MZUSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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