treatments-xml/data/03/AC/87/03AC87E3764FFFD3FF2DC082FC9481E9.xml

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<mods:title id="69A6C58ABC0518BE383D6A4620B46274">Etmopterus lailae sp. nov., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E98688A19B7909B246157742D07FB0F4">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63BCBFA1E6ADEB9CA4D051CFFCDAA3FF">Papastamatiou, Yannis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28A4CBA94F334B4CEF9AFA0ACF5BE089">Kajiura, Stephen M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFAB7003DA1F26BA94CFD57860D3207B">Wetherbee, Bradley M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03AC87E3764FFFD3FF2DC082FC9481E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127710985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87E3764FFFD3FF2DC082FC9481E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87E3764FFFD3FF2DC082FC9481E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF2DC082FDDC847F" blockId="1.[151,523,755,851]" box="[151,523,755,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<heading id="D0F28199764FFFDAFF2DC082FDDC847F" bold="true" box="[151,523,755,782]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFF2DC082FDDC847F" bold="true" box="[151,523,755,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFF2DC082FEBB847C" ID-CoL="3BM7Q" box="[151,364,755,781]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFF2DC082FEBB847C" bold="true" box="[151,364,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
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, 
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF2DC167FEA9845E" blockId="1.[151,523,755,851]" box="[151,382,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Laila’s Lanternshark</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E764FFFDAFF2DC14BFE048422" box="[151,467,826,851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF2DC14BFE048422" blockId="1.[151,523,755,851]" box="[151,467,826,851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
(
<figureCitation id="133E2A70764FFFDAFF24C14BFEF28422" box="[158,293,826,851]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1987,2009]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1172,1194]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1105,1963]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1420,190,1132]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,1105,1963]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,169,1151]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Etmopterus lailae new species, immature male holotype (BPBM 40183)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Tooth morphology of upper and lower teeth of immature male holotype (BPBM 40183)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dermal denticle arrangement on ventral snout surface of (a) Etmopterus lailae new species (holotype BPBM 40183) and (b) E. lucifer (syntype, CAS-SU 6863). Arrows denote areas of presence (E. lucifer) or absence (E. lailae) of dermal denticles." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/343865/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/343866/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/343867/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
a, 4–5, 
<tableCitation id="C687034E764FFFDAFECDC14BFE1F8422" box="[375,456,826,851]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1146,248,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics and meristics of Etmopterus lailae holotype (BPBM 40183) and two paratypes (BPBM 40174; BPBM 40182). Values expressed as percent TL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" tableUuid="DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E764FFFDAFF2DC1F2FBE7833E" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF2DC1F2FAF584CE" blockId="1.[151,1436,898,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFF2DC1F2FEDC84EA" bold="true" box="[151,267,899,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Holotype.</emphasis>
BPBM 
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TL, immature male, R/V 
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFCF6C1F3FBE684EA" box="[844,1073,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Townsend Cromwell</emphasis>
cruise 8805, leg 2, station 216, Koko Seamount, 35° 16.48´N 171° 17.13´E to 35° 16.55´N 171° 17.20´E, 
<quantity id="4CFD9B10764FFFDAFC61C1D7FB8B84CF" box="[987,1116,934,959]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3600000000000003" metricValueMax="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="336.0" valueMax="358.0" valueMin="314.0">314–358 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFBB1035764FFFDAFBDDC1D6FACA84CE" box="[1127,1309,935,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" value="1988-08-13">13 August 1988</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF7DC1BAFBE7833E" blockId="1.[151,1436,898,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CA8764FFFDAFF7DC1BAFA978376" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1437751991" collectingDate="1988-08-06" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="V Townsend Cromwell" elevation="337" latitude="32.033333" location="South Kanmu Seamount" longLatPrecision="1213" longitude="173.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" specimenCode="BPBM 40174, 303" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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. 
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<collectionCode id="ED14AE30764FFFDAFEF4C1BAFE4B8493" box="[334,412,971,994]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">BPBM</collectionCode>
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mm TL, immature male, R/ 
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V 
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFC3CC1BBFBBC8492" box="[902,1131,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Townsend Cromwell</emphasis>
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cruise 8805, leg 2, station 167, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE315032764FFFDAFE42C19EFDB58376" box="[504,610,1007,1031]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" precision="925" value="32.05">32° 03´N</geoCoordinate>
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to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE315032764FFFDAFCB3C19EFCA48376" box="[777,883,1007,1031]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" precision="925" value="32.033333">32° 02´N</geoCoordinate>
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, 
<quantity id="4CFD9B10764FFFDAFBB8C19FFB528377" box="[1026,1157,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="3.36" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="337.0" valueMax="338.0" valueMin="336.0">
<elevation id="0028D1C6764FFFDAFBB8C19FFB528377" box="[1026,1157,1006,1031]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="3.36" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="337.0" valueMax="338.0" valueMin="336.0">336–338 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFFFE9DD764FFFDAFB29C19FFA978376" box="[1171,1344,1006,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" value="1988-08-06">6 August 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
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; BPBM 
<quantity id="4CFD9B10764FFFDAFF2DC662FE9F835B" box="[151,328,1042,1067]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.018226499999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="4.0182265E7">40182, 265 mm</quantity>
TL, immature male, R/V 
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFDD0C663FC9A835A" box="[618,845,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Townsend Cromwell</emphasis>
cruise 8805, leg 2, station 218, Koko Seamount, 35° 17.05´N 171° 22.01´E to 35° 17.05´N 171° 21.54´E, 
<quantity id="4CFD9B10764FFFDAFD53C647FCBD833F" box="[745,874,1078,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.76" metricValueMax="3.84" metricValueMin="3.6799999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="376.0" valueMax="384.0" valueMin="368.0">368–384 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFBB1035764FFFDAFCCCC646FBFB833E" box="[886,1068,1079,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" value="1988-08-14">14 August 1988</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E764FFFDAFF7DC62BFB5A82E2" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF7DC62BFB5A82E2" blockId="1.[151,1436,898,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFF7DC62BFEED8302" bold="true" box="[199,314,1114,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFEF2C62DFDC78302" box="[328,528,1114,1139]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFEF2C62DFDC78302" box="[328,528,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a moderately large, slender species of linear–denticled 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFB20C62DFACC8302" box="[1178,1307,1116,1139]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFB20C62DFACC8302" box="[1178,1307,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Etmopterus</emphasis>
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that can be separated from most of its congeners within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFD03C60EFCF583E6" box="[697,802,1150,1175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFD03C60EFCF583E6" box="[697,802,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade by the length of its anterior flank marking branch being much longer relative to its posterior branch; all other members of this genus, except for two species, have a posterior branch that is equal to or longer than the anterior branch. The only two species with an anterior branch relatively longer than the posterior branch, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFD3AC69DFD3E8272" box="[640,745,1258,1283]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFD3AC69DFD3E8272" box="[640,745,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F3127665764FFFDAFD4BC69BFCEB8272" box="[753,828,1258,1283]" name="Jordan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Snyder, 1902 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFB97C69DFAAD8272" authority="Ebert, Compagno" authorityName="Ebert, Compagno" box="[1069,1402,1258,1283]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFB97C69DFB7E8272" box="[1069,1193,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">E. sculptus</emphasis>
Ebert, Compagno
</taxonomicName>
, &amp; De Vries, 2011, can be separated from the new species by a lower spiral valve count (8–9 vs 14–16 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFAA3C77EFAAF8256" box="[1305,1400,1294,1319]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFAA3C77EFAAF8256" box="[1305,1400,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a slightly higher precaudal vertebral count (55–64 vs 53–57), and a higher number of teeth on the lower jaw (30–43 vs 26–28). 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764FFFDAFEA2C726FE35821E" box="[280,482,1366,1391]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFEA2C726FE35821E" box="[280,482,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
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lacks dermal denticles between the nostrils on the ventral snout surface and on the dorsal fins, while the other two species have denticles present on the snout and dorsal fins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E764FFFDDFF7DC7EFFCB88078" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF7DC7EFFD0282AA" blockId="1.[151,1436,898,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764FFFDAFF7DC7EFFE8682C6" bold="true" box="[199,337,1438,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Description</emphasis>
. Proportional measurements expressed as a percentage of total length (TL) are given for the 
<typeStatus id="54BE8857764FFFDAFF2DC7B3FF2E82AA" box="[151,249,1474,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the range for two 
<typeStatus id="54BE8857764FFFDAFE4CC7B2FDB582AA" box="[502,610,1475,1499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<tableCitation id="C687034E764FFFDAFDCAC7B3FD1382AA" box="[624,708,1474,1499]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1146,248,1959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics and meristics of Etmopterus lailae holotype (BPBM 40183) and two paratypes (BPBM 40174; BPBM 40182). Values expressed as percent TL." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" tableUuid="DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764FFFDAFF7DC797FBAB80DE" blockId="1.[151,1436,898,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Body fusiform, trunk sub-cylindrical, width 1.2 (0.7–1.0) in trunk height; head sub-conical, moderate-sized, length 14.9 (13.9–16.2)% TL, slightly depressed, height 1.6 (1.3–1.6) times width. Snout moderately long, triangular–shaped becoming rounded at snout–tip in dorsal view, slightly depressed in lateral view, head width 11.1 (9.2–10.9)% TL. Eyes oval-shape, large, length 2.9 (2.6–3.3) in head, 1.9 (1.6–1.8) times width of eye; orbits with anterior and posterior notches; inter–orbital space 1.6 (1.3–1.5) in width of head; eye length 1.3 (1.4–1.5) times in inter–orbital distance. Spiracles small, greatest diameter 1.9 (1.3–1.5)% TL, 2.7 (3.3–4.0) times into length of eye, distance to eye 2.4 (2.6)% TL, eye–spiracle length 0.9 (0.9) times into height of eye. Nostrils large, oblique, length 1.4 (1.5–1.6) times into internarial width, 2.7 (2.6–2.7) times eye diameter; anterior nasal flap well developed, triangular, anterior tip extending across nasal opening, length 0.6 (0.5) times into spiracle length. Gill openings small, slightly oblique, in horizontal series, height decreasing progressively posteriorly, first two openings noticeably larger than last three openings, fifth opening just in front of pectoral fin origin; height of first gill slit 1.8 (1.3–1.8) in height of fifth gill opening; inter-gill length about equal, 1.1 (1.2–1.3) times, to length of eye. Mouth broad, length 4.0 (3.0–3.3) times width, slightly arched, width 0.7 (0.6) in preoral length.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" ID-Table-UUID="DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7A667D764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[151,1146,248,1959]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FD3F87BE" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764CFFD9FF2DC2E9FED987DE" bold="true" box="[151,270,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics and meristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764CFFD9FD3DC2E9FC9E87DE" box="[647,841,151,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764CFFD9FD3DC2E9FC9E87DE" box="[647,841,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (BPBM 40183) and two paratypes (BPBM 40174; BPBM 40182). Values expressed as percent TL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764CFFD9FF2DC288FBB580D6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<table id="F905C455764C0024FF2DC289FBAD80D6" box="[151,1146,248,1959]" colsContinueIn="3.[151,1140,217,1099]" gridcols="3" gridrows="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC289FBAD867F" box="[151,1146,248,270]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC289FDC3867F" box="[151,532,248,270]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Measurement</th>
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC289FC92867F" box="[743,837,248,270]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Holotype</th>
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C289FBAD867F" box="[1033,1146,248,270]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC347FBAD863D" box="[151,1146,310,332]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC347FDC3863D" box="[151,532,310,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Total length (mm)</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC347FC92863D" box="[743,837,310,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">368</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C347FBAD863D" box="[1033,1146,310,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">265–303</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC324FBAD861A" box="[151,1146,341,363]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC324FDC3861A" box="[151,532,341,363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Precaudal length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC324FC92861A" box="[743,837,341,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">80.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C324FBAD861A" box="[1033,1146,341,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">75.5–78.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC305FBAD86FB" box="[151,1146,372,394]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC305FDC386FB" box="[151,532,372,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Prenarial length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC305FC9286FB" box="[743,837,372,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C305FBAD86FB" box="[1033,1146,372,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.3–2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC3E3FBAD86D9" box="[151,1146,402,424]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC3E3FDC386D9" box="[151,532,402,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Preoral length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC3E3FC9286D9" box="[743,837,402,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">10.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C3E3FBAD86D9" box="[1033,1146,402,424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">10.9–11.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC3C0FBAD86B6" box="[151,1146,433,455]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC3C0FDC386B6" box="[151,532,433,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Preorbital length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC3C0FC9286B6" box="[743,837,433,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C3C0FBAD86B6" box="[1033,1146,433,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.3–5.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC3A1FBAD8697" box="[151,1146,464,486]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC3A1FDC38697" box="[151,532,464,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Prespiracle length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC3A1FC928697" box="[743,837,464,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">13.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C3A1FBAD8697" box="[1033,1146,464,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">12.8–13.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC39FFBAD8575" box="[151,1146,494,516]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC39FFDC38575" box="[151,532,494,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pregill length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC39FFC928575" box="[743,837,494,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">19.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C39FFBAD8575" box="[1033,1146,494,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">18.1–18.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC07CFBAD8552" box="[151,1146,525,547]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC07CFDC38552" box="[151,532,525,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Head length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC07CFC928552" box="[743,837,525,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">14.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C07CFBAD8552" box="[1033,1146,525,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">13.9–16.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC05DFBAD8533" box="[151,1146,556,578]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC05DFDC38533" box="[151,532,556,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Prepectoral length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC05DFC928533" box="[743,837,556,578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">23.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C05DFBAD8533" box="[1033,1146,556,578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">21.8–22.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC03BFBAD8511" box="[151,1146,586,608]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC03BFDC38511" box="[151,532,586,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Prepelvic length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC03BFC928511" box="[743,837,586,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">53.3</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C03BFBAD8511" box="[1033,1146,586,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">48.3–50.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC018FBAD850E" box="[151,1146,617,639]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC018FDC3850E" box="[151,532,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Snout–vent length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC018FC92850E" box="[743,837,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">57.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C018FBAD850E" box="[1033,1146,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">52.1–54.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC0F9FBAD85EF" box="[151,1146,648,670]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC0F9FDC385EF" box="[151,532,648,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pre–first dorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC0F9FC9285EF" box="[743,837,648,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">35.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C0F9FBAD85EF" box="[1033,1146,648,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">32.8–33.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC0D7FBAD85CD" box="[151,1146,678,700]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC0D7FDC385CD" box="[151,532,678,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pre–second dorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC0D7FC9285CD" box="[743,837,678,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">61.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C0D7FBAD85CD" box="[1033,1146,678,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">56.6–57.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC0B4FBAD85AA" box="[151,1146,709,731]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC0B4FDC385AA" box="[151,532,709,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Interdorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC0B4FC9285AA" box="[743,837,709,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">22.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C0B4FBAD85AA" box="[1033,1146,709,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">18.1–20.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC095FBAD858B" box="[151,1146,740,762]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC095FDC3858B" box="[151,532,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Dorsal–caudal length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC095FC92858B" box="[743,837,740,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">12.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C095FBAD858B" box="[1033,1146,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">10.6–10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC173FBAD8469" box="[151,1146,770,792]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC173FDC38469" box="[151,532,770,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral–pelvic length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC173FC928469" box="[743,837,770,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">22.3</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C173FBAD8469" box="[1033,1146,770,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">21.5–24.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC150FBAD8446" box="[151,1146,801,823]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC150FDC38446" box="[151,532,801,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic–caudal length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC150FC928446" box="[743,837,801,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">17.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C150FBAD8446" box="[1033,1146,801,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">16.2–19.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC131FBAD8427" box="[151,1146,832,854]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC131FDC38427" box="[151,532,832,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Eye length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC131FC928427" box="[743,837,832,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.2</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C131FBAD8427" box="[1033,1146,832,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.9–5.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC12FFBAD8405" box="[151,1146,862,884]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC12FFDC38405" box="[151,532,862,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Eye height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC12FFC928405" box="[743,837,862,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C12FFBAD8405" box="[1033,1146,862,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">3.0–3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC10CFBAD84E2" box="[151,1146,893,915]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC10CFDC384E2" box="[151,532,893,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Interorbital length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC10CFC9284E2" box="[743,837,893,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.8</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C10CFBAD84E2" box="[1033,1146,893,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">7.2–7.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC1EDFBAD84C3" box="[151,1146,924,946]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC1EDFDC384C3" box="[151,532,924,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Nostril width</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC1EDFC9284C3" box="[743,837,924,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C1EDFBAD84C3" box="[1033,1146,924,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9–2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC1CBFBAD84A1" box="[151,1146,954,976]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC1CBFDC384A1" box="[151,532,954,976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Internarial length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC1CBFC9284A1" box="[743,837,954,976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C1CBFBAD84A1" box="[1033,1146,954,976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">3.0–3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC1A8FBAD849E" box="[151,1146,985,1007]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC1A8FDC3849E" box="[151,532,985,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Anterior nasal flap length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC1A8FC92849E" box="[743,837,985,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C1A8FBAD849E" box="[1033,1146,985,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">0.7–0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC189FBAD837F" box="[151,1146,1016,1038]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC189FDC3837F" box="[151,532,1016,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Spiracle length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC189FC92837F" box="[743,837,1016,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C189FBAD837F" box="[1033,1146,1016,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.3–1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC667FBAD835D" box="[151,1146,1046,1068]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC667FDC3835D" box="[151,532,1046,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Eye–spiracle length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC667FC92835D" box="[743,837,1046,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C667FBAD835D" box="[1033,1146,1046,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.6–2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC644FBAD833A" box="[151,1146,1077,1099]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC644FDC3833A" box="[151,532,1077,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Mouth length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC644FC92833A" box="[743,837,1077,1099]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C644FBAD833A" box="[1033,1146,1077,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.0–2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC625FBAD831B" box="[151,1146,1108,1130]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC625FDC3831B" box="[151,532,1108,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Mouth width</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC625FC92831B" box="[743,837,1108,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">7.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C625FBAD831B" box="[1033,1146,1108,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.6–6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC603FBAD83F9" box="[151,1146,1138,1160]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC603FDC383F9" box="[151,532,1138,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Upper labial furrow</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC603FC9283F9" box="[743,837,1138,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C603FBAD83F9" box="[1033,1146,1138,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.3–2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC6E0FBAD83D6" box="[151,1146,1169,1191]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC6E0FDC383D6" box="[151,532,1169,1191]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Lower labial furrow</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC6E0FC9283D6" box="[743,837,1169,1191]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C6E0FBAD83D6" box="[1033,1146,1169,1191]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.3–1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC6C1FBAD83B7" box="[151,1146,1200,1222]" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC6C1FDC383B7" box="[151,532,1200,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First gill height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC6C1FC9283B7" box="[743,837,1200,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C6C1FBAD83B7" box="[1033,1146,1200,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9–2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC6BFFBAD8395" box="[151,1146,1230,1252]" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC6BFFDC38395" box="[151,532,1230,1252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Second gill height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC6BFFC928395" box="[743,837,1230,1252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C6BFFBAD8395" box="[1033,1146,1230,1252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.5–2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC69CFBAD8272" box="[151,1146,1261,1283]" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC69CFDC38272" box="[151,532,1261,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Third gill height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC69CFC928272" box="[743,837,1261,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C69CFBAD8272" box="[1033,1146,1261,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.5–1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC77DFBAD8253" box="[151,1146,1292,1314]" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC77DFDC38253" box="[151,532,1292,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Fourth gill height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC77DFC928253" box="[743,837,1292,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C77DFBAD8253" box="[1033,1146,1292,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.3–1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC75BFBAD8231" box="[151,1146,1322,1344]" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC75BFDC38231" box="[151,532,1322,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Fifth gill height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC75BFC928231" box="[743,837,1322,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C75BFBAD8231" box="[1033,1146,1322,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.3–1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC738FBAD822E" box="[151,1146,1353,1375]" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC738FDC3822E" box="[151,532,1353,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Head height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC738FC92822E" box="[743,837,1353,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">7.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C738FBAD822E" box="[1033,1146,1353,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.8–6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC719FBAD820F" box="[151,1146,1384,1406]" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC719FDC3820F" box="[151,532,1384,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Head width</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC719FC92820F" box="[743,837,1384,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">11.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C719FBAD820F" box="[1033,1146,1384,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">9.2–10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC7F7FBAD82ED" box="[151,1146,1414,1436]" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC7F7FDC382ED" box="[151,532,1414,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC7F7FC9282ED" box="[743,837,1414,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">9.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C7F7FBAD82ED" box="[1033,1146,1414,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">8.3–8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC7D4FBAD82CA" box="[151,1146,1445,1467]" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC7D4FDC382CA" box="[151,532,1445,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin anterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC7D4FC9282CA" box="[743,837,1445,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">7.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C7D4FBAD82CA" box="[1033,1146,1445,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">8.3–8.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC7B5FBAD82AB" box="[151,1146,1476,1498]" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC7B5FDC382AB" box="[151,532,1476,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin base length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC7B5FC9282AB" box="[743,837,1476,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C7B5FBAD82AB" box="[1033,1146,1476,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.3–4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC793FBAD8289" box="[151,1146,1506,1528]" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC793FDC38289" box="[151,532,1506,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC793FC928289" box="[743,837,1506,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.8</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C793FBAD8289" box="[1033,1146,1506,1528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.6–7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC470FBAD8166" box="[151,1146,1537,1559]" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC470FDC38166" box="[151,532,1537,1559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin inner margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC470FC928166" box="[743,837,1537,1559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.2</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C470FBAD8166" box="[1033,1146,1537,1559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.5–5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC451FBAD8147" box="[151,1146,1568,1590]" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC451FDC38147" box="[151,532,1568,1590]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pectoral fin posterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC451FC928147" box="[743,837,1568,1590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C451FBAD8147" box="[1033,1146,1568,1590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.6–7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC44FFBAD8125" box="[151,1146,1598,1620]" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC44FFDC38125" box="[151,532,1598,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC44FFC928125" box="[743,837,1598,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">11.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C44FFBAD8125" box="[1033,1146,1598,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">8.6–10.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC42CFBAD8102" box="[151,1146,1629,1651]" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC42CFDC38102" box="[151,532,1629,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin anterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC42CFC928102" box="[743,837,1629,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C42CFBAD8102" box="[1033,1146,1629,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.3–6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC40DFBAD81E3" box="[151,1146,1660,1682]" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC40DFDC381E3" box="[151,532,1660,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin base length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC40DFC9281E3" box="[743,837,1660,1682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C40DFBAD81E3" box="[1033,1146,1660,1682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.3–6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC4EBFBAD81C1" box="[151,1146,1690,1712]" gridrow="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC4EBFDC381C1" box="[151,532,1690,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC4EBFC9281C1" box="[743,837,1690,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.9</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C4EBFBAD81C1" box="[1033,1146,1690,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.0–2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC4C8FBAD81BE" box="[151,1146,1721,1743]" gridrow="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC4C8FDC381BE" box="[151,532,1721,1743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin inner margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC4C8FC9281BE" box="[743,837,1721,1743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C4C8FBAD81BE" box="[1033,1146,1721,1743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">3.3–4.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC4A9FBAD819F" box="[151,1146,1752,1774]" gridrow="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC4A9FDC3819F" box="[151,532,1752,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pelvic fin posterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC4A9FC92819F" box="[743,837,1752,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">6.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C4A9FBAD819F" box="[1033,1146,1752,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="48" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.0–6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC487FBAD807D" box="[151,1146,1782,1804]" gridrow="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC487FDC3807D" box="[151,532,1782,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC487FC92807D" box="[743,837,1782,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">9.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C487FBAD807D" box="[1033,1146,1782,1804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">7.9–8.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC564FBAD805A" box="[151,1146,1813,1835]" gridrow="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC564FDC3805A" box="[151,532,1813,1835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin spine length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC564FC92805A" box="[743,837,1813,1835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Broken</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C564FBAD805A" box="[1033,1146,1813,1835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">3.0–3.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC545FBAD803B" box="[151,1146,1844,1866]" gridrow="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC545FDC3803B" box="[151,532,1844,1866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin spine exposed length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC545FC92803B" box="[743,837,1844,1866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Broken</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C545FBAD803B" box="[1033,1146,1844,1866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.7–1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC523FBAD8019" box="[151,1146,1874,1896]" gridrow="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC523FDC38019" box="[151,532,1874,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin anterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC523FC928019" box="[743,837,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">3.8</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C523FBAD8019" box="[1033,1146,1874,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">4.5–4.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC500FBAD80F6" box="[151,1146,1905,1927]" gridrow="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC500FDC380F6" box="[151,532,1905,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin base length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC500FC9280F6" box="[743,837,1905,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.2</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C500FBAD80F6" box="[1033,1146,1905,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">5.3–5.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764C0024FF2DC5E0FBAD80D6" box="[151,1146,1937,1959]" gridrow="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<th id="76E45DCB764C0024FF2DC5E0FDC380D6" box="[151,532,1937,1959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">First dorsal fin height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FD5DC5E0FC9280D6" box="[743,837,1937,1959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764C0024FBB3C5E0FBAD80D6" box="[1033,1146,1937,1959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">1.5–2.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764CFFDFFBDFC5A1FDB68386" blockId="2.[1125,1435,2000,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1139,2028]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764CFFD9FBDFC5A1FA4C8097" box="[1125,1435,2000,2022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
Teeth dissimilar in upper and lower jaw (
<figureCitation id="133E2A70764AFFDFFD2EC602FD0F83FA" box="[660,728,1139,1164]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tooth morphology of upper and lower teeth of immature male holotype (BPBM 40183)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343866/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); upper jaw teeth with strong central cusp flanked on each side by two smaller lateral cusplets, less than one-half the height of median cusp, and decreasing in size distally; lower jaw teeth unicuspid, blade-like, oblique, fused into a single row. Tooth count in first row of upper jaw 24 (22–24) and in first row of lower jaw 28 (26–26).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A667D764DFFD8FF2DC2E9FE4687DE" box="[151,401,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[151,1140,217,1099]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764DFFD8FF2DC2E9FE4687DE" blockId="3.[151,401,152,175]" box="[151,401,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764DFFD8FF2DC2E9FEDD87DE" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764DFFD8FF2DC2ABFBB6833A" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<table id="F905C455764D0024FF2DC2A8FBA3833A" box="[151,1140,217,1099]" colsContinueFrom="2.[151,1146,248,1959]" gridcols="3" gridrows="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC2A8FBA3879E" box="[151,1140,217,239]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC2A8FD56879E" box="[151,641,217,239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Measurement</th>
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC2A8FC92879E" box="[743,837,217,239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Holotype</th>
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C2A8FBA3879E" box="[1033,1140,217,239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC369FBA3865F" box="[151,1140,280,302]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC369FD56865F" box="[151,641,280,302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">First dorsal fin inner margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC369FC92865F" box="[743,837,280,302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C369FBA3865F" box="[1033,1140,280,302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.4–3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC347FBA3863D" box="[151,1140,310,332]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC347FD56863D" box="[151,641,310,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">First dorsal fin posterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC347FC92863D" box="[743,837,310,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C347FBA3863D" box="[1033,1140,310,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">2.6–3.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC324FBA3861A" box="[151,1140,341,363]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC324FD56861A" box="[151,641,341,363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC324FC92861A" box="[743,837,341,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">13.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C324FBA3861A" box="[1033,1140,341,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">12.5–13.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC305FBA386FB" box="[151,1140,372,394]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC305FD5686FB" box="[151,641,372,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin spine length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC305FC9286FB" box="[743,837,372,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Broken</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C305FBA386FB" box="[1033,1140,372,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.9–7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC3E3FBA386D9" box="[151,1140,402,424]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC3E3FD5686D9" box="[151,641,402,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin spine exposed length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC3E3FC9286D9" box="[743,837,402,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Broken</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C3E3FBA386D9" box="[1033,1140,402,424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.2–4.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC3C0FBA386B6" box="[151,1140,433,455]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC3C0FD5686B6" box="[151,641,433,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin anterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC3C0FC9286B6" box="[743,837,433,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C3C0FBA386B6" box="[1033,1140,433,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.3–6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC3A1FBA38697" box="[151,1140,464,486]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC3A1FD568697" box="[151,641,464,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin base length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC3A1FC928697" box="[743,837,464,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C3A1FBA38697" box="[1033,1140,464,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.9–9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC39FFBA38575" box="[151,1140,494,516]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC39FFD568575" box="[151,641,494,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin height</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC39FFC928575" box="[743,837,494,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.3</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C39FFBA38575" box="[1033,1140,494,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.3–4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC07CFBA38552" box="[151,1140,525,547]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC07CFD568552" box="[151,641,525,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin inner margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC07CFC928552" box="[743,837,525,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">5.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C07CFBA38552" box="[1033,1140,525,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">5.7–5.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC05DFBA38533" box="[151,1140,556,578]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC05DFD568533" box="[151,641,556,578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Second dorsal fin posterior margin length</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC05DFC928533" box="[743,837,556,578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C05DFBA38533" box="[1033,1140,556,578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.6–6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC03BFBA38511" box="[151,1140,586,608]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC03BFD568511" box="[151,641,586,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin dorsal margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC03BFC928511" box="[743,837,586,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">17.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C03BFBA38511" box="[1033,1140,586,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">18.5–23.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC018FBA3850E" box="[151,1140,617,639]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC018FD56850E" box="[151,641,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin fork width</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC018FC92850E" box="[743,837,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.8</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C018FBA3850E" box="[1033,1140,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.6–7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC0F9FBA385EF" box="[151,1140,648,670]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC0F9FD5685EF" box="[151,641,648,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin preventral margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC0F9FC9285EF" box="[743,837,648,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C0F9FBA385EF" box="[1033,1140,648,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.2–8.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC0D7FBA385CD" box="[151,1140,678,700]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC0D7FD5685CD" box="[151,641,678,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin lower postventral margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC0D7FC9285CD" box="[743,837,678,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">2.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C0D7FBA385CD" box="[1033,1140,678,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">1.3–3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC0B4FBA385AA" box="[151,1140,709,731]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC0B4FD5685AA" box="[151,641,709,731]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin upper postventral margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC0B4FC9285AA" box="[743,837,709,731]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">8.4</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C0B4FBA385AA" box="[1033,1140,709,731]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.9–9.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC095FBA3858B" box="[151,1140,740,762]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC095FD56858B" box="[151,641,740,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin subterminal margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC095FC92858B" box="[743,837,740,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C095FBA3858B" box="[1033,1140,740,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">2.6–4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC173FBA38469" box="[151,1140,770,792]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC173FD568469" box="[151,641,770,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin terminal margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC173FC928469" box="[743,837,770,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C173FBA38469" box="[1033,1140,770,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.4–5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC150FBA38446" box="[151,1140,801,823]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC150FD568446" box="[151,641,801,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Caudal fin terminal margin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC150FC928446" box="[743,837,801,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C150FBA38446" box="[1033,1140,801,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.5–6.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC131FBA38427" box="[151,1140,832,854]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC131FD568427" box="[151,641,832,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">First dorsal fin midpoint to pectoral fin insertion</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC131FC928427" box="[743,837,832,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.3</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C131FBA38427" box="[1033,1140,832,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.3–8.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC12FFBA38405" box="[151,1140,862,884]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC12FFD568405" box="[151,641,862,884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">First dorsal fin midpoint to pelvic fin origin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC12FFC928405" box="[743,837,862,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">17.7</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C12FFBA38405" box="[1033,1140,862,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">13.2–15.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC10CFBA384E2" box="[151,1140,893,915]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC10CFD5684E2" box="[151,641,893,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Pelvic fin midpoint to first dorsal fin insertion</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC10CFC9284E2" box="[743,837,893,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">15.5</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C10CFBA384E2" box="[1033,1140,893,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">14.7–16.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC1EDFBA384C3" box="[151,1140,924,946]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC1EDFD5684C3" box="[151,641,924,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Pelvic fin midpoint to second dorsal fin origin</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC1EDFC9284C3" box="[743,837,924,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">4.6</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C1EDFBA384C3" box="[1033,1140,924,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">2.0–3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC1CBFBA384A1" box="[151,1140,954,976]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC1CBFD5684A1" box="[151,641,954,976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Flank marking anterior branch</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC1CBFC9284A1" box="[743,837,954,976]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">11.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C1CBFBA384A1" box="[1033,1140,954,976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">9.6–10.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC1A8FBA3849E" box="[151,1140,985,1007]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC1A8FD56849E" box="[151,641,985,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Flank marking posterior branch</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC1A8FC92849E" box="[743,837,985,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.3</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C1A8FBA3849E" box="[1033,1140,985,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.3–7.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC189FBA3837F" box="[151,1140,1016,1038]" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC189FD56837F" box="[151,641,1016,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Flank marking base</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC189FC92837F" box="[743,837,1016,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">1.8</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C189FBA3837F" box="[1033,1140,1016,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">1.9–2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC667FBA3835D" box="[151,1140,1046,1068]" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC667FD56835D" box="[151,641,1046,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Central caudal marking</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC667FC92835D" box="[743,837,1046,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.0</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C667FBA3835D" box="[1033,1140,1046,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.3–6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353534B7764D0024FF2DC644FBA3833A" box="[151,1140,1077,1099]" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<th id="76E45DCB764D0024FF2DC644FD56833A" box="[151,641,1077,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Upper caudal marking</th>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FD5DC644FC92833A" box="[743,837,1077,1099]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">7.1</td>
<td id="76E45DCB764D0024FBB3C644FBA3833A" box="[1033,1140,1077,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">6.6–6.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A667D764DFFD8FF2DC5B2FC2B80A8" box="[151,1020,1987,2009]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343865/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[151,1436,1105,1963]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764DFFD8FF2DC5B2FC2B80A8" blockId="3.[151,1020,1987,2009]" box="[151,1020,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764DFFD8FF2DC5B2FEC480A9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764DFFD8FEA3C5B5FE1980A8" box="[281,462,1987,2009]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764DFFD8FEA3C5B5FE1980A8" box="[281,462,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242579C764DFFD8FE6EC5B5FD8780A8" box="[468,592,1987,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, immature male holotype (BPBM 40183).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7A667D764AFFDFFF2DC641FB408337" box="[151,1175,1072,1094]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343866/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764AFFDFFF2DC641FB408337" blockId="4.[151,1175,1072,1094]" box="[151,1175,1072,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764AFFDFFF2DC641FEC58334" bold="true" box="[151,274,1072,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Tooth morphology of upper and lower teeth of immature male holotype (BPBM 40183).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764AFFDFFF7DC772FE92812E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1139,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">First dorsal fin small, length of first dorsal fin 9.0 (7.9–8.6)% TL, anterior margin slightly curved, rounded at apex, origin slightly behind pectoral fin free rear tip; fin base insertion well forward of pelvic-fin origin; pre–first dorsal length 1.6 (1.7–1.8) in inter–dorsal distance; first dorsal–fin spine nearly straight, short, (0.4–0.9) times into height of first dorsal fin, located posterior to pectoral fin posterior margin. Second dorsal fin noticeably larger than first dorsal fin, length of first dorsal fin 0.7 (0.6–0.7) into second dorsal fin, height of first dorsal fin (0.5–0.6) into second dorsal fin; apex broadly rounded, posterior margin concave, free rear tip elongated, length 13.0 (12.5– 13.2)% TL, pre–second dorsal length 2.8 (2.9–3.1) in inter–dorsal distance; second dorsal–fin spine large, height about equal to or slightly higher than fin height, slightly curved near tip towards fin apex; origin behind over or slightly behind pelvic fin free rear tips. Interspace between first and second dorsal fins 2.8 (2.9–3.1) times into pre– pectoral length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764AFFDFFF7DC41AFC698065" blockId="4.[151,1437,1139,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Pectoral fin length 9.0 (8.3)% TL, broadly rounded at free rear tips, base into anterior margin length ratio 1.7 (1.7–2.0), posterior margin nearly straight edged. Caudal peduncle rounded, relatively short, 12.0 (10.6–10.9)% TL, and tapering posteriorly; height slightly greater than width, 1.3 (1.0–1.4) times width; distance less than upper caudal fin length. Caudal fin elongated, slightly greater than head length, sub–terminal notch conspicuous; preventral caudal fin margin 2.4 (3.2–3.0) into dorsal caudal fin margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764AFFDFFF7DC56FFE56809D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1139,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">
Dermal denticles on dorsal body surface erect, thorn-like, curved rearwards, in distinct longitudinal rows extending from dorsal head surface to caudal fin; distance between rows appear to decrease behind pelvic fin insertions to caudal fin. Ventral snout surface with prominent pores (ampullae of Lorenzini) surrounded by dermal denticles, except for bare patch between nostrils and extending just behind posterior nostril edges; area above upper lip of jaw without dermal denticles (
<figureCitation id="133E2A70764AFFDFFD88C5DFFDA180B6" box="[562,630,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1172,1194]" captionTargetBox="[158,1420,190,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,169,1151]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dermal denticle arrangement on ventral snout surface of (a) Etmopterus lailae new species (holotype BPBM 40183) and (b) E. lucifer (syntype, CAS-SU 6863). Arrows denote areas of presence (E. lucifer) or absence (E. lailae) of dermal denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343867/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a). Dorsal fins mostly naked, without dermal denticles extending on fin base or ceratotrichia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A667D764BFFDEFF2DC6E5FE928396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343867/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" targetBox="[158,1420,190,1132]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764BFFDEFF2DC6E5FE928396" blockId="5.[151,1436,1172,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764BFFDEFF2DC6E5FEC183D8" bold="true" box="[151,278,1172,1194]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dermal denticle arrangement on ventral snout surface of (a) 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764BFFDEFC18C6E4FB8C83DB" box="[930,1115,1172,1194]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764BFFDEFC18C6E4FB8C83DB" box="[930,1115,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242579C764BFFDEFBDEC6E4FB3683DB" box="[1124,1249,1172,1194]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype BPBM 40183) and (b) 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764BFFDEFE87C6C5FE4983B8" box="[317,414,1203,1225]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764BFFDEFE87C6C5FE4983B8" box="[317,414,1203,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(syntype, CAS-SU 6863). Arrows denote areas of presence (
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764BFFDEFB9DC6C5FB5E83B8" box="[1063,1161,1203,1225]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764BFFDEFB9DC6C5FB5E83B8" box="[1063,1161,1203,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absence (
<taxonomicName id="4C054D76764BFFDEFAA6C6C5FAA283B8" box="[1308,1397,1203,1225]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE7764BFFDEFAA6C6C5FAA283B8" box="[1308,1397,1203,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of dermal denticles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764BFFDEFF7DC77EFE7682C9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Luminescent markings distinct, covering ventral head surface, extending to level of nostrils and at about orbital anterior notch, descending below eye level to mouth, then extending upward over mouth corners, but not encircling mouth; discontinuous with belly marking posterior to mouth at about first gill openings, demarcated by a faint band of transverse dermal folds across throat extending from below lower edges of first and second gill openings on either side.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764BFFDEFF7DC7B2FE5B818A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
Belly marking originates behind mouth on posterior portion of transverse dermal folds and extends ventrally along pectoral fin bases slightly extending upwards to about level with fin base insertion, about level with ventral edges of gill openings, and posteriorly to pelvic fin bases; ventral surface of pectoral fin with two very dark lobeshaped markings, one at fin origin and another at insertion, each extending from fin base to origin of ceratotrichia bisected by distinct lighter band forming a two–prong fork pattern; margin on pectoral–pelvic space clearly demarcated, line extending from rear margin of pectoral–fin insertion nearly to pelvic–fin origin except for lighter space at pelvic–fin origin; dark ventral belly surface terminates under free rear inner margin of second dorsal fin; ventral caudal peduncle surface with darker marking just behind cloaca and extending about halfway to lower caudal origin (
<figureCitation id="133E2A70764BFFDEFE83C492FEA9818A" box="[313,382,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1216,1238]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1195]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1195]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral flank marking between pelvic fins and lower caudal origin of Etmopterus lailae new species (holotype BPBM 40183)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343868/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F5764BFFDEFF7DC576FA4A80A5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1295,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Flank markings distinctive, with anterior and posterior branches present; anterior branch slender, curving slightly over pelvic fins with a downward concavity, thin proximally near marking base, thickening medially before narrowing to acute tip distally; length relatively long, 11.1 (9.6–10.4)% TL as measured from marking base to tip, extending beyond origin of pelvic–fin; posterior branch nearly straight, relatively thick, length less than anterior branch, 6.3 (6.3–7.9)% TL, extending just beyond second dorsal fin base insertion, terminating below and before midpoint of inner fin margin; base of flank marking relatively narrow, origin posterior to pelvic fin insertion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF2DC2E6FAC787A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Caudal central marking distinct, thick, ovoid-shaped, length 6.0 (6.3–6.8)% TL, longer than base width of flank marking. Caudal fin upper marking very narrow, its length 1.2 (1.0–1.1) times central caudal marking.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF7DC2AEFBC0866C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Vertebral counts: total vertebral counts 86 (79–82); monospondylous 40 (40); diplospondylous 17 (13–15); total precaudal 57 (53–55); caudal 29 (26–27). Spiral valve count is 16 (14–16).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7A667D7648FFDDFF2DC6B1FEE58384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343868/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1195]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF2DC6B1FEE58384" blockId="6.[151,1436,1216,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF2DC6B1FEC283A4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1216,1238]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Ventral flank marking between pelvic fins and lower caudal origin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767648FFDDFC4DC6B0FB7983A7" box="[1015,1198,1216,1238]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFC4DC6B0FB7983A7" box="[1015,1198,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242579C7648FFDDFB0CC6B0FAE583A7" box="[1206,1330,1216,1238]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype BPBM 40183).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF7DC76AFE4481B0" blockId="6.[151,1436,1307,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF7DC76AFE9F8245" bold="true" box="[199,328,1307,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Coloration</emphasis>
. After preservation dorsal and lateral surface a light to medium brown, except for prominent dark brown lateral and caudal markings, ventral surfaces also a dark brown; transition between lateral and ventral surfaces sharply demarcated. Body with 1 to 3 rows of prominent dark photophores extending from head posteriorly along flanks to about upper caudal origin; an irregular row of dark photophores also extending between pectoral and pelvic fins. Ventral surface a dark brown to blackish around mouth, belly, between pelvic fin origins and lower caudal origin; area around mouth distinctly dark brownish, sharply contrasting the lighter brown snout; area across throat slightly lighter than area anterior and posterior to this region. Gills and area just below darker than lighter brown area above. Pectoral and pelvic fin bases light brown above, darker below, and with blackish posterior and inner margins; remainder of fins becoming translucent. Dorsal fins light brown at base, becoming lighter to translucent. Lateral and caudal flank markings prominent, sharply demarcated, but without lighter colored lateral flanks. Caudal fin after preservation lacks vertical dark bar or any noticeable markings except for upper caudal marking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF7DC4BAFCB88078" blockId="6.[151,1436,1307,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF7DC4BAFF208195" bold="true" box="[199,247,1739,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Size</emphasis>
. Maximum length is at least 
<quantity id="4CFD9B107648FFDDFDFAC4BCFD498195" box="[576,670,1741,1765]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="370.0">370 mm</quantity>
TL (
<typeStatus id="54BE88577648FFDDFD6CC4BDFCE98194" box="[726,830,1740,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: BPBM 40183) for an immature male, both 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577648FFDDFA8BC4BCFA4B8194" box="[1329,1436,1741,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are immature males; females were not available for examination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E7648FFDDFF7DC562FC3A8020" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF7DC562FC3A8020" blockId="6.[151,1436,1307,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF7DC562FE8E805D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1811,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Distribution</emphasis>
. The new species presently is known only from the Koko and South Kanmu seamounts, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and at a depth range of 
<quantity id="4CFD9B107648FFDDFCB7C549FC5B8021" box="[781,908,1848,1872]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4899999999999998" metricValueMax="3.84" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="349.0" valueMax="384.0" valueMin="314.0">314–384 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="133E2A707648FFDDFC21C549FC088020" box="[923,991,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[176,1406,661,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[176,1410,661,1371]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Hawaiian Etmopterus species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E7648FFDCFF7DC52DFAB08511" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDDFF7DC52DFC2A80E8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1307,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF7DC52DFE918005" bold="true" box="[199,326,1884,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species is named after Laila Mostello-Wetherbee, shark enthusiast and daughter of coauthor Brad Wetherbee. The proposed common name is Laila’s Lanternshark.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57648FFDCFF7DC5D2FAB08511" blockId="6.[151,1436,1307,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFF7DC5D2FEB280CD" bold="true" box="[199,357,1955,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Comparisons</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767648FFDDFECEC5D4FDEA80CC" box="[372,573,1956,1981]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFECEC5D4FDEA80CC" box="[372,573,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be assigned to the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767648FFDDFCE9C5D4FC6A80CC" box="[851,957,1956,1981]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFCE9C5D4FC6A80CC" box="[851,957,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade” as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047648FFDDFB09C5D5FA4B80CC" box="[1203,1436,1956,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" refString="Straube N., Iglesias, S. P., Sellos, D. Y., Kriwet, J. &amp; Schliewen, U. K. (2010) Molecular phylogeny and node time estimation of bioluminescent lanternsharks (Elasmobranchii: Etmopteridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 905 - 917. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.04.042" type="journal article">
Straube 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77648FFDDFAAAC5D4FA9580CC" box="[1296,1346,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
with its predominant lateral flank markings displaying conspicuous anterior and posterior branches. The members of this group are also referred to as linear denticle etmopterids due to the characteristic arrangement of distinct linear rows of denticles on the dorsal head surface that also extends to the flanks, caudal peduncle and caudal base. The “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFF6DC290FE968789" box="[215,321,223,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFF6DC290FE968789" box="[215,321,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade” can further be subdivided into three distinct subgroups based on the relative lengths of the lateral flank marking branches (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFDBEC375FD04866C" author="Ebert" box="[516,723,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Straube, N., Leslie, R. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016) Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Science, 38, 329 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2016.1198275" type="journal article" year="2016">
Ebert 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFDF6C374FDA8866C" box="[588,639,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); anterior flank marking branch longer than posterior, anterior branch shorter than posterior, and anterior and posterior branches relatively equal in length. Eleven 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFAA1C358FA4B8631" box="[1307,1436,297,320]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFAA1C358FA4B8631" box="[1307,1436,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Etmopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are currently recognized to fall within the “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFD6AC33CFCEE8614" box="[720,825,332,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD6AC33CFCEE8614" box="[720,825,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade”, of which six species (
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFB3FC33CFE1B86F9" authority="Ebert, Straube, Leslie &amp; Weigmann, 2016" authorityName="Ebert, Straube, Leslie &amp; Weigmann" authorityYear="2016" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alphus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB3FC33CFB388614" box="[1157,1263,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. alphus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFB4FC33DFE1B86F9" author="Ebert" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Straube, N., Leslie, R. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016) Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Science, 38, 329 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2016.1198275" type="journal article" year="2016">Ebert, Straube, Leslie &amp; Weigmann, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFE61C300FC7C86F9" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1912" box="[475,939,367,392]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyurus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFE61C300FDA986F9" box="[475,638,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. brachyurus</emphasis>
Smith &amp; Radcliffe, 1912
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFC00C300FAA286F9" authority="Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1957" authorityName="Bigelow &amp; Schroeder" authorityYear="1957" box="[954,1397,367,392]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bullisi">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFC00C300FBF486F9" box="[954,1059,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. bullisi</emphasis>
Bigelow &amp; Schroeder, 1957
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFA3EC300FE0486DC" authority="Chan, 1966" authorityName="Chan" authorityYear="1966" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decacuspidatus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFA3EC300FE9386DC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. decacuspidatus</emphasis>
Chan, 1966
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFE5BC3E4FCF486DC" authority="Last, Burgess" authorityName="Last, Burgess" box="[481,803,404,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dislineatus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFE5BC3E4FDAB86DC" box="[481,636,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. dislineatus</emphasis>
Last, Burgess
</taxonomicName>
, &amp; Séret, 2002, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFBAEC3E4FAE686DD" authority="Whitley, 1939" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1939" box="[1044,1329,404,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molleri">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFBAEC3E4FB5186DC" box="[1044,1158,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. molleri</emphasis>
Whitley, 1939
</taxonomicName>
) have an anterior flank branch that is shorter than the posterior, and three species (
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFC49C3C8FBA486A1" box="[1011,1139,439,464]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgessi">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFC49C3C8FBA486A1" box="[1011,1139,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. burgessi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFBC4C3C6FF058684" author="Schaaf-DaSilva" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Schaaf-DaSilva, J. A. &amp; Ebert, D. A. (2006) Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 1373, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Schaaf-DaSilva &amp; Ebert, 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFF67C3ACFE328684" authority="Last, Burgess" authorityName="Last, Burgess" box="[221,485,477,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="evansi">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFF67C3ACFE948685" box="[221,323,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. evansi</emphasis>
Last, Burgess
</taxonomicName>
, &amp; Séret, 2002, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFD71C3ACFBDB8685" authority="Kotlyar, 1990" authorityName="Kotlyar" authorityYear="1990" box="[715,1036,476,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pycnolepis">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD71C3ACFCB48684" box="[715,867,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. pycnolepis</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFCCAC3ADFBDB8685" author="Kotlyar" box="[880,1036,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Kotlyar, AN. (1990) Dogfish sharks of the genus Etmopterus Rafinesque from the Nazca and Sala y Gomez Submarine Ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P. P. Shirshova, 125, 127 - 147." type="journal article" year="1990">Kotlyar, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) have anterior and posterior branch lengths that are about equal in length (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFDE7C38EFCFA8569" author="Ebert" box="[605,813,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; DeVries, M. J. (2011) A new lantershark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from southern Africa. Copeia, 2011, 379 - 384." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ebert 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD1CC070FD0C8569" box="[678,731,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFC87C38EFCAD8569" author="Ebert" box="[829,890,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Straube, N., Leslie, R. W. &amp; Weigmann, S. (2016) Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Science, 38, 329 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2016.1198275" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
). The remaining two species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFB60C070FA918569" box="[1242,1350,511,536]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB60C070FA918569" box="[1242,1350,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFA3EC070FE13854D" authority="Ebert, Compagno" authorityName="Ebert, Compagno" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFA3EC070FF24854C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. sculptus</emphasis>
Ebert, Compagno
</taxonomicName>
, &amp; De Vries, 2011, each has an anterior branch length that is longer than the posterior, and appear to be closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFE7CC038FDF28511" box="[454,549,583,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFE7CC038FDF28511" box="[454,549,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the relative branch lengths of flank markings (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFB20C036FA8C8511" author="Ebert" box="[1178,1371,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; DeVries, M. J. (2011) A new lantershark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from southern Africa. Copeia, 2011, 379 - 384." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ebert 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB5AC038FAC78511" box="[1248,1296,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7A667D7649FFDCFF2DC701FCCD82F7" box="[151,794,1392,1414]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343869/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[176,1406,661,1365]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57649FFDCFF2DC701FCCD82F7" blockId="7.[151,794,1392,1414]" box="[151,794,1392,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFF2DC701FEC582F4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1392,1414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Distribution map of Hawaiian 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFDF4C700FD1482F7" box="[590,707,1393,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFDF4C700FD1482F7" box="[590,707,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Etmopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31F657E7649FFD3FF7DC7C5FC9481E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57649FFDCFF7DC7C5FEDE8026" blockId="7.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFF7DC7C5FE5882BD" box="[199,399,1459,1484]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFF7DC7C5FE5882BD" box="[199,399,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from its two closest congeners by a combination of external morphological and internal meristic characteristics. Externally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFD03C7A9FCCD8281" box="[697,794,1495,1520]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD03C7A9FCCD8281" box="[697,794,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFB9FC7A9FB768281" box="[1061,1185,1495,1520]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB9FC7A9FB768281" box="[1061,1185,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. sculptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a shorter posterior flank branch marking (6.3–7.9 vs 7.5–8.6)% TL; a longer central caudal marking (6.0–6.8 vs 3.4–5.0)% TL; central caudal marking length 3.3–3.6 vs 1.4–1.9 times flank base marking width; and a shorter upper caudal marking (1.1–1.2 vs 2.0–2.5) relative to the central caudal marking. The ventral snout surface of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFB1EC435FAD0812D" box="[1188,1287,1603,1628]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB1EC435FAD0812D" box="[1188,1287,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
between the nostrils is bare, but posteriorly has dermal denticles surrounding tiny pores (ampullae of Lorenzini), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFA3EC419FF2481D5" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFA3EC419FF2481D5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. sculptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather uniformly covered with dermal denticles, with small naked patches along the upper lips, and around and between the nostrils. Internally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFD33C4C1FD3D81B9" box="[649,746,1711,1736]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD33C4C1FD3D81B9" box="[649,746,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFC3CC4C1FBD481B9" box="[902,1027,1711,1736]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFC3CC4C1FBD481B9" box="[902,1027,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. sculptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a higher spiral valve turn count (14–16 vs 8–9), a lower precaudal vertebral count (53–57 vs 60–64), and a lower tooth count on the lower jaw (26– 28 vs 36–43). The biogeography is also informative since 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFC8EC489FC418061" box="[820,918,1783,1808]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFC8EC489FC418061" box="[820,918,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the north central Pacific Ocean, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFE8EC56DFE678045" box="[308,432,1819,1844]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sculptus">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFE8EC56DFE678045" box="[308,432,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. sculptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from off 
<collectingCountry id="F31276657649FFDCFDC8C56AFD048045" box="[626,723,1819,1844]" name="Namibia" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Namibia</collectingCountry>
to southern 
<collectingCountry id="F31276657649FFDCFCD8C56AFC218045" box="[866,1014,1819,1844]" name="Mozambique" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
in the southern hemisphere (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047649FFDCFAFBC56AFF298026" author="Ebert" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" refString="Ebert, D. A., Compagno, L. J. V. &amp; DeVries, M. J. (2011) A new lantershark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from southern Africa. Copeia, 2011, 379 - 384." type="journal article" year="2011">
Ebert 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFA32C56DFF7A8029" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57649FFD3FF7DC512FF3386F9" blockId="7.[151,1436,1459,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">
The closest congener geographically and morphologically to 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFCC2C515FC0F800D" box="[888,984,1891,1916]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFCC2C515FC0F800D" box="[888,984,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFB35C515FB21800D" box="[1167,1270,1891,1916]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFB35C515FB21800D" box="[1167,1270,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but these two species can be separated by a combination of meristic and external morphological characteristics. 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFAA1C5F9FF0080B5" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFAA1C5F9FF0080B5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated meristically from Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767649FFDCFD62C5DDFC9680B5" box="[728,833,1963,1988]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77649FFDCFD62C5DDFC9680B5" box="[728,833,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a higher spiral valve turn count (14–16 vs 8–9), a lower tooth count on the lower jaw (26–28 vs 30–39), and an overlapping although slightly lower precaudal vertebral count (53–57 vs 55–63) and a lower total vertebral count (79–86 vs 85–90), although it should be noted that precaudal and total vertebral counts vary widely depending on the region and within some regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047646FFD3FAF1C2CDFEEC8789" author="Last" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" refString="Last, P. R. &amp; Stevens, J. D. (2009) Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 644 pp." type="book" year="2009">Last &amp; Stevens, 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B047646FFD3FEF1C291FD9C8789" author="Last" box="[331,587,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" refString="Last, P. R. &amp; Stewart, A. L. (2015) Family Etmopteridae. In: Roberts, C. D., Stewart, A. L., Struthers, C. D. (Eds.), Fishes of New Zealand. Lol. 2. Te Papa Press, Wellington, pp. 139 - 147." type="journal article" year="2015">Last &amp; Stewart, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). For example, Yamakawa 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FC31C290FC178789" box="[907,960,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
. (1986) based on 65 Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FA95C290FA4B8789" box="[1327,1436,223,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FA95C290FA4B8789" box="[1327,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens reported a range of 55–62 precaudal vertebral, while we found the range for five Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FAAFC374FAA8866C" box="[1301,1407,260,285]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FAAFC374FAA8866C" box="[1301,1407,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be 59–63. Although Yamakawa 
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FDBFC358FDE08631" box="[517,567,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">et al</emphasis>
. (1986) did not report on the number of total vertebrae from their study, we found this number to range from 85–90 based on five Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FCE5C33CFC1F8614" box="[863,968,332,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FCE5C33CFC1F8614" box="[863,968,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FB2CC33CFB228614" box="[1174,1269,332,357]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FB2CC33CFB228614" box="[1174,1269,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a range of 79–86.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57646FFD3FF7DC3E4FD7285BC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FF7DC3E4FE5886DC" box="[199,399,404,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FF7DC3E4FE5886DC" box="[199,399,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Etmopterus lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FD2FC3E4FD2886DC" box="[661,767,404,429]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FD2FC3E4FD2886DC" box="[661,767,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following body ratios: mouth width shorter (6.6–7.6 vs 7.4–10.1)% TL; pre-pectoral length slightly shorter (21.8–22.6 vs 22.6–25.3)% TL; pectoral pelvic space shorter (21.5–24.4 vs 24.2–33.2)% TL; anterior pectoral fin length shorter (7.9–8.6 vs 8.8–11.0)% TL; first dorsal fin length longer (7.9–9.0 vs 5.4–8.0)% TL; second dorsal fin height relatively low, its height 26.3–34.3 vs 34.5– 41.9% TL of its overall length. The flank markings are also informative in separating these two species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FA86C054FA4B854C" box="[1340,1436,548,573]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FA86C054FA4B854C" box="[1340,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FECCC038FE358511" box="[374,482,583,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FECCC038FE358511" box="[374,482,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a shorter anterior flank marking branch (9.8–12.6% vs 12.7–14.0)%; a lateral flank marking base width that is slightly narrower (1.8–2.0% vs 2.1–2.5%); a slightly narrower flank base width 9.2–9.3 vs 9.6–13.9; a longer central caudal marking (6.0–6.8% vs 2.8–5.1%); central caudal marking length 3.3– 3.6 vs 2.5–2.7 times flank base marking width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57646FFD3FF7DC0A6FAA2830D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
The arrangement of the dermal denticles, including their presence or absence, is informative when separating 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FF2DC08CFF2E8464" box="[151,249,764,789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FF2DC08CFF2E8464" box="[151,249,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FEFEC08CFE788464" box="[324,431,764,789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FEFEC08CFE788464" box="[324,431,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ventral snout surface of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FCA8C08CFCA38464" box="[786,884,764,789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FCA8C08CFCA38464" box="[786,884,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a naked patch between, and extending just posterior to, the space between the inner nostrils (
<figureCitation id="133E2A707646FFD3FD53C16EFCE58449" box="[745,818,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tooth morphology of upper and lower teeth of immature male holotype (BPBM 40183)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343866/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
a). Also, beginning just posterior to the inner nostril opening is a bare patch, absent dermal denticles, extending rearwards to the upper lip except for small patch of denticles bisecting it about one-third the distance from the inner nostril opening to the upper lip; this area has several large pore openings. The area just anterior to the upper lip of the jaw, and traversing its length, also has a bare area with a few large scattered pores. Distinct pores cover the remainder of the snout ventral surface. In contrast, the snout ventral surface of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FD88C1A4FD4D849C" box="[562,666,980,1005]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FD88C1A4FD4D849C" box="[562,666,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is densely and relatively evenly covered by dermal denticles, but has no bare patches, except along the upper lip (
<figureCitation id="133E2A707646FFD3FD33C186FD1A8361" box="[649,717,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1051]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tooth morphology of upper and lower teeth of immature male holotype (BPBM 40183)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/343866/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
b); some small pores are apparent, but scattered. The dorsal fins of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FF0DC66CFEC08344" box="[183,279,1052,1077]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FF0DC66CFEC08344" box="[183,279,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mostly naked, without dermal denticles extending onto the dorsal fins, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FB06C66CFAF18344" box="[1212,1318,1052,1077]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FB06C66CFAF18344" box="[1212,1318,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has linear rows of denticles present on the bases and extending onto the dorsal fins, including the ceratotrichia. The lateral dermal denticles extending the length of the body on 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FD51C614FC9D830C" box="[747,842,1124,1149]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FD51C614FC9D830C" box="[747,842,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear more sculpted than observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FABDC614FAB9830C" box="[1287,1390,1124,1149]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FABDC614FAB9830C" box="[1287,1390,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57646FFD3FF7DC6F8FDCA8241" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
In addition to the above parameters these two species differ significantly in the size at maturity. All three known specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FE3CC6DCFE3183B4" box="[390,486,1196,1221]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FE3CC6DCFE3183B4" box="[390,486,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are immature males, with the largest measuring 
<quantity id="4CFD9B107646FFD3FBB7C6DDFBBD83B5" box="[1037,1130,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6799999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="368.0">368 mm</quantity>
TL after preservation (
<quantity id="4CFD9B107646FFD3FACBC6DDFF148399" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="370.0">370 mm</quantity>
TL before preservation), while 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FD93C6A0FD468399" box="[553,657,1231,1256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FD93C6A0FD468399" box="[553,657,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japanese waters is a much smaller species with males maturing (before preservation) at a minimum length of 
<quantity id="4CFD9B107646FFD3FD7AC685FCF5827D" box="[704,802,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="278.0">278 mm</quantity>
TL, with a maximum of 
<quantity id="4CFD9B107646FFD3FBE5C685FB15827D" box="[1119,1218,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
TL, based on the individuals examined in this study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA36F57646FFD3FF7DC74DFC9481E9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
The separation of “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FE24C74CFDD18224" box="[414,518,1340,1365]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FE24C74CFDD18224" box="[414,518,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade” etmopterids, including the new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FBACC74CFBA18224" box="[1046,1142,1340,1365]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lailae">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FBACC74CFBA18224" box="[1046,1142,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lailae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is complicated due to the inadequate original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FDA3C710FD558209" box="[537,642,1375,1400]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FDA3C710FD558209" box="[537,642,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F31276657646FFD3FD7CC710FCD18209" box="[710,774,1377,1400]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Japan</collectingCountry>
and the convoluted taxonomic history of this species from Japanese waters and elsewhere. The original description and 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FC87C7F4FCBA82EC" box="[829,877,1413,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FC6DC7F4FBE982EC" box="[983,1086,1412,1437]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FC6DC7F4FBE982EC" box="[983,1086,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on a combination of two different etmopterid species, one form with an anterior branch longer than the posterior, and the other with the posterior branch being longer than the anterior. Examination of several of the 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FC42C7BCFB8D8294" box="[1016,1114,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
by DAE and J.A. Schaaf-Da Silva (
<collectingRegion id="49C1F8177646FFD3FF5EC79EFE808179" box="[228,343,1519,1544]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">California</collectingRegion>
Department Fish &amp; Wildlife) confirms that two different species are among the 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FAA3C780FA9E8178" box="[1305,1353,1521,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">type</typeStatus>
series. Furthermore, a 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FEFFC465FE7B815C" box="[325,428,1556,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
has never been designated for the species, thus leaving open the question of what species exactly constitutes true 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FE18C448FDDD8121" box="[418,522,1591,1616]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FE18C448FDDD8121" box="[418,522,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and leaves unresolved the status of the other species comprising the 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FAA7C448FA9A8120" box="[1309,1357,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">type</typeStatus>
series. Resolution to, and a description of, true 
<taxonomicName id="4C054D767646FFD3FDE0C42CFD158104" box="[602,706,1628,1653]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Etmopteridae" genus="Etmopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifer">
<emphasis id="B971EAE77646FFD3FDE0C42CFD158104" box="[602,706,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">E. lucifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a 
<typeStatus id="54BE88577646FFD3FCACC42DFCAA8104" box="[790,893,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation are currently under investigation by DAE and N. Straube (Bavarian State Collection of Zoology).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>