230 lines
28 KiB
XML
230 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="4871FC16D63C8FD315AB121EEE340D7F" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630343331836" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Mary" docDate="2011" docId="03AC87E2FF9EFFEBFCECFD9F3D57FA67" docLanguage="en" docName="B348.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (348)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zosterops superciliaris Hartert" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF95FF9AFFBBFFCDFFFFFF873967FFA4" masterDocTitle="Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae And Meliphagidae" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699236501362" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DE31490CAA5FF41C67AE239A1454D310">
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<mods:title id="669FC5616CA71A668D285BF3181884FB">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae And Meliphagidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7D5A55A3C7B7E43E97BE9EA009237C6E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA4D7176AE461ECE05D1B9127FB908AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8ED4D614370670A077A7C6A91E29EED8">Mary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3F8E66E8A2277B17D4DCFAE5F69FBD4">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Ornithology) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5360347B2A77E413641DC3C3CCBB3EBF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5B19AA391ADBAD2AA5B81E740F97FBE0">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="898915B48D7276C6839D2942EDB7D177">
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<mods:date id="1DDD237B11068B91613950932FA71061">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9853D6B9DE23B58D9142E0BE8A6A3838">2011-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AD959E70810B1599720CBE373AE1EFD2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="13ED826666879FF078FA9007F1923879">2011</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="372DEE18E9DE1F85D54EBEFE8BF2F89F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3DC46B301FB479C8D0F0F8364A76DABF">348</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="D96BB22B955D64EC05388668AD48CCE5" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="89BBEC1F760EA6C276F8C94D526124B5">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="97DCC8C3E413C5E4D31745C032490246">193</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F8D7950B444FE2070F6EA6994CDECB5D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B253EFF7F2985BAAC5B94B88D3D97FCA" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03AC87E2FF9EFFEBFCECFD9F3D57FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC87E2FF9EFFEBFCECFD9F3D57FA67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87E2FF9EFFEBFCECFD9F3D57FA67" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C31F657FFF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D12FD89" box="[787,1141,535,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D12FD89" blockId="37.[787,1141,535,558]" box="[787,1141,535,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D0F28198FF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D12FD89" box="[787,1141,535,558]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D12FD89" authority="Hartert" authorityName="Hartert" box="[787,1141,535,558]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D12FD89" bold="true" box="[787,1141,535,558]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCECFD9F3D72FD8A" bold="true" box="[787,1045,535,558]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Zosterops superciliaris</emphasis>
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Hartert
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F657FFF9EFFE8FD42FDC13DC5FCE8" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFE8FD42FDC13A4EFDD7" blockId="37.[701,1229,580,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1511DAFF9EFFE8FD42FDC13A4EFDD7" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410E5FF9EFFE8FD42FDC13D1AFDFC" author="Hartert, E." box="[701,1149,580,600]" page="172" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" year="1897">
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9EFFE8FD42FDC13D1AFDFC" authority="Hartert, 1897 b: 172" authorityName="Hartert" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1897" box="[701,1149,580,600]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FD42FDC13AC3FDFC" box="[701,932,580,600]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Zosterops superciliaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FC52FDC23D1AFDFC" author="Hartert, E." box="[941,1149,581,600]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="170 - 172" refId="ref151618" refString="Hartert, E. 1897 b. Descriptions of seven new species of birds and one new subspecies from Flores, and of one new subspecies from Djampea, all collected by Mr. Alfred Everett. Novitates Zoologicae 4: 170 - 172." type="journal article" year="1897">Hartert, 1897b: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(South
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<collectingCountry id="F3127664FF9EFFE8FD27FDE73A79FDD7" box="[728,798,608,627]" name="Indonesia" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Flores</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFE8FD42FDFB3DAAFD60" blockId="37.[701,1229,580,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1511DAFF9EFFE8FD42FDFB3DAAFD60" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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Now
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9EFFE8FCF6FDFC3A10FD0D" ID-CoL="7JYRC" authority="superciliaris (Hartert, 1897)" authorityName="superciliaris (Hartert" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Hartert" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Lophozosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCF6FDFC3DABFD2B" box="[777,1228,635,655]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Lophozosterops superciliaris superciliaris</emphasis>
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(Hartert, 1897)
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</taxonomicName>
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. See
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410E5FF9EFFE8FC56FD103DE4FD0D" author="Mees, G. F." box="[937,1155,662,682]" page="196" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FC56FD103DE4FD0D" author="Mees, G. F." box="[937,1155,662,682]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="3 - 390" refId="ref156882" refString="Mees, G. F. 1969. A systematic review of the Indo- Australian Zosteropidae (Part III). Zoologische Verhandelingen 102: 3 - 390." type="journal article" year="1969">Mees, 1969: 196–198</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410E5FF9EFFE8FB73FD113AD2FD60" author="White, C. M. N. & M. D. Bruce" page="418" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FB73FD113AD2FD60" author="White, C. M. N. & M. D. Bruce" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" refId="ref163056" refString="White, C. M. N., and M. D. Bruce. 1986. The birds of Wallacea. B. O. U. check-list no. 7. London: British Ornithologists' Union, 524 pp." type="book" year="1986">White and Bruce, 1986: 418</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, and
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA410E5FF9EFFE8FC12FD363DAFFD60" author="van Balen, S." box="[1005,1224,689,708]" page="482" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FC12FD363DAFFD60" author="van Balen, S." box="[1005,1224,689,708]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="402 - 485" refId="ref162714" refString="van Balen, S. 2008. Family Zosteropidae (whiteeyes). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliot, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, vol. 13, Penduline-tits to shrikes: 402 - 485. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 879 pp., 60 pls., 536 photographs." type="book chapter" year="2008">van Balen, 2008: 482</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFE8FD25FD5C3DC5FCE8" blockId="37.[701,1228,731,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CA9FF9EFFE8FD25FD5C3DC5FCE8" collectingDate="1896-10" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="J. M. Dumas & Alfred Everett. From & Rothschild Collection." country="Indonesia" elevation="914" location="Flores" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="AMNH 701420" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9EFFE8FD25FD5C3A04FD56" box="[730,867,731,755]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FC89FD5A3D49FD56" bold="true" box="[886,1070,733,754]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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<specimenCode id="DBA39E8FFF9EFFE8FC89FD5A3D49FD56" box="[886,1070,733,754]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">AMNH 701420</specimenCode>
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</emphasis>
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, female, collected in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3127664FF9EFFE8FC5FFD7C3A8BFCB5" box="[928,1004,763,785]" name="Indonesia" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Flores</collectingCountry>
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, above
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<quantity id="4CFD9B11FF9EFFE8FBB1FD7C3DC2FCB5" box="[1102,1189,763,785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
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||
<elevation id="0028D1C7FF9EFFE8FBB1FD7C3DC2FCB5" box="[1102,1189,763,785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, in
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<date id="FFBB1034FF9EFFE8FD42FC9F3A01FC8A" box="[701,870,792,814]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" value="1896-10">
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<collectingDate id="EFFFE9DCFF9EFFE8FD42FC9F3A01FC8A" box="[701,870,792,814]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" value="1896-10">October 1896</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, by
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<collectorName id="26F05322FF9EFFE8FC5AFC9E3D58FC8A" box="[933,1087,793,814]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">J.M. Dumas</collectorName>
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for
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<collectorName id="26F05322FF9EFFE8FB7FFC9F3A03FCEF" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Alfred Everett. From</collectorName>
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the
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<collectorName id="26F05322FF9EFFE8FC64FCB13DC5FCE8" box="[923,1186,822,844]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Rothschild Collection.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F657FFF9EFFEBFD25FCD53D57FA67" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFE8FD25FCD53DADF989" blockId="37.[701,1228,731,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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COMMENTS: Hartert did not designate a type in the original description or give the size of his type series. Later, reporting on Everett’s entire collection, he (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FBE6FC2A3B80FC44" author="Hartert, E." pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="513 - 528" refId="ref151688" refString="Hartert, E. 1897 d. On the birds collected by Mr. Everett in south Flores. Part I. Novitates Zoologicae 4: 513 - 528, pl. III." type="journal article" year="1897">Hartert, 1897d: 520</bibRefCitation>
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) again did not mention a type or the number of specimens, only saying that he had a series.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9EFFE8FCDEFB823D66FBBF" author="Hartert, E." box="[801,1025,1029,1051]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" pagination="425 - 505" refId="ref152415" refString="Hartert, E. 1920. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (cont'd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505." type="journal article" year="1920">Hartert (1920: 437)</bibRefCitation>
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listed as the type a female with the data given above for the
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<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9EFFE8FD42FBC73A4DFBF2" box="[701,810,1088,1110]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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. There are, however, two such specimens. AMNH 701420 bears a Rothschild type label, and on Everett’s field label on the same specimen Hartert has written ‘‘Type of species’’; this specimen was his intended type and was so cataloged when the Rothschild Collection came to AMNH. In order to formalize Hartert’s intent and prevent misinterpretation of the older literature, I hereby designate AMNH 701420 the
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<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9EFFE8FD42FAE13A41FAD8" box="[701,806,1382,1404]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9EFFE8FCA9FAE03D3DFAD9" box="[854,1114,1382,1405]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCA9FAE03D3DFAD9" box="[854,1114,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Zosterops superciliaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9EFFE8FB92FAE13A76FA3D" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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in AMNH, all collected in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F3127664FF9EFFE8FD42FA263A60FA13" box="[701,775,1441,1463]" name="Indonesia" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">Flores</collectingCountry>
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in 1896 by Everett’s collectors, are: males,
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCEBFA383D53FA70" bold="true" box="[788,1076,1471,1492]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">AMNH 701417, 701418</emphasis>
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, November,
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<quantity id="4CFD9B11FF9EFFE8FD42FA5B3A70FA56" box="[701,791,1500,1522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 ft</quantity>
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;
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCD5FA5B3A83FA55" bold="true" box="[810,996,1500,1521]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">AMNH 701419</emphasis>
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, October,
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<quantity id="4CFD9B11FF9EFFE8FB92FA5A3DA0FA56" box="[1133,1223,1500,1522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0058399999999998" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3300.0">3300 ft</quantity>
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; females,
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCCFFA7D3A97F9AB" bold="true" box="[816,1008,1530,1551]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">AMNH 701421</emphasis>
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, October, above
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<quantity id="4CFD9B11FF9EFFE8FD42F99F3A75F989" box="[701,786,1559,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</quantity>
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,
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<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9EFFE8FCE0F9903AB2F988" bold="true" box="[799,981,1559,1580]" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">AMNH 701422</emphasis>
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, November,
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<quantity id="4CFD9B11FF9EFFE8FB8FF9903DADF989" box="[1136,1226,1559,1581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="37" pageNumber="37" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 ft.</quantity>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9EFFEBFD24F9B13810F98A" blockId="37.[701,1228,731,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[93,620,213,1759]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">
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Typification of this taxon offers an example of why it is important to make sure that the appropriate specimen is chosen as the type. All types of forms named by Rothschild and/or Hartert were in the Rothschild Collection unless stated otherwise by them, and Hartert’s various lists of types were intended to make certain that such types were established, whether or not they had been specifically designated in the original description. For example,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFEB2FECD3B7BFEC4" author="Hartert, E." box="[333,540,330,352]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="4 - 63" refId="ref152328" refString="Hartert, E. 1918. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. A. Types in the Brehm Collection. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 4 - 63." type="journal article" year="1918">Hartert (1918: 4)</bibRefCitation>
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wrote ‘‘The fixing of the types in the Brehm Collection has not been easy. … Only a careful comparison of the descriptions with the specimens in the collection could in some cases decide whether a specimen could be regarded as ‘type’ or not.’’ And again, he (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFF9AFD90382DFD89" author="Hartert, E." box="[101,330,535,557]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref152358" refString="Hartert, E. 1919 a. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert, 1919a: 123</bibRefCitation>
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) wrote ‘‘The majority of the birds described from the Tring Museum are naturally named by Lord Rothschild and myself, and next to ourselves by those ornithologists who have temporarily worked here … but there are altogether also a good many types made by other ornithologists in the collection, partly purchased with smaller collections or allowed to be described when already in the Tring Museum. … A critical examination of all types is not always easy and my judgment may not be correct in every case, but I trust that it is so in nearly all instances.’’ These statements make it quite clear that Hartert was attempting to ‘‘fix’’ the types present in the Rothschild Collection, to avoid questions about them in the future. In most cases this provided effective lectotypification of a particular specimen if a type had not been designated in the original description, but because the Rothschild Collection was not cataloged, there was sometimes no unique number that could be specified for a type. This introduced ambiguity into Hartert’s lists when several specimens in AMNH bear the same label data, and in those instances, it is important to give valid standing to the specimens that Hartert intended to fix as the types, especially as some of the collections were widely scattered via dealers. In a confusing manner,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFDD1FA0139C7FA1D" author="Mees, G. F." pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="12 - 204" refId="ref156760" refString="Mees, G. F. 1957. A systematic review of the Indo- Australian Zosteropidae (Part I). Zoologische Verhandelingen 35: 12 - 204." type="journal article" year="1957">Mees (1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFF4FFA243990FA1D" author="Mees, G. F." box="[176,247,1443,1465]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 168" refId="ref156789" refString="Mees, G. F. 1961 a. A systematic review of the Indo-Australian Zosteropidae (Part II). Zoologische Verhandelingen 50: 3 - 168, 4 pls." type="book chapter" year="1961">1961a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFEF8FA243858FA1D" author="Mees, G. F." box="[263,319,1443,1465]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 390" refId="ref156882" refString="Mees, G. F. 1969. A systematic review of the Indo- Australian Zosteropidae (Part III). Zoologische Verhandelingen 102: 3 - 390." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) sometimes accepted the type listed by Hartert as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFE45FA473B44FA72" box="[442,547,1472,1494]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
when no
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFF73FA593995FA50" box="[140,242,1502,1524]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had been designated, but in other cases, he did not. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9DFFEBFDAFFA7B3982F98B" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFDAFFA7B3982F98B" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Z. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he did not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9DFFEBFF85F9B03D2EFE72" blockId="38.[93,620,213,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[667,1194,213,1475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFF85F9B03810F9E9" author="Hartert, E." box="[122,375,1591,1613]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="425 - 505" refId="ref152415" refString="Hartert, E. 1920. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (cont'd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505." type="journal article" year="1920">Hartert (1920: 437)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed a type (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD7DFF9DFFEBFDABF9BF39A0F9CE" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFDABF9BF3B0CF9E8" bold="true" box="[596,619,1592,1612]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">5</emphasis>
|
||
lectotype
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9DFFEBFEFBF9D238D2F9CE" box="[260,437,1619,1642]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFEFBF9D238D2F9CE" box="[260,437,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Z. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the data on the specimen bearing the Rothschild type label agree with the data published by Hartert for the type; Everett’s label is marked ‘‘Type of the species’’ in Hartert’s hand. Certainly, specimens in other collections would not have type status; nor is such status claimed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFCDDFE973DCEFE82" author="Warren, R. L. M. & C. J. O. Harrison" box="[802,1193,272,294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" refId="ref162957" refString="Warren, R. L. M., and C. J. O. Harrison. 1971. Type-specimens of birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2. Passerines. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 628 pp." type="book" year="1971">Warren and Harrison (1971: 545)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for specimens in BMNH mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFB94FEA93A46FEC5" author="Mees, G. F." pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="3 - 390" refId="ref156882" refString="Mees, G. F. 1969. A systematic review of the Indo- Australian Zosteropidae (Part III). Zoologische Verhandelingen 102: 3 - 390." type="journal article" year="1969">Mees (1969: 197)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Therefore there does not appear to be any evidence for Mees’ (1969: 197) statement that all of the specimens collected by Everett and his hunters in October– November are cotypes (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD7DFF9DFFEBFC4AFE453D5AFE72" box="[949,1085,449,470]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFC4AFE453AABFE72" bold="true" box="[949,972,450,470]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">5</emphasis>
|
||
syntypes
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9DFFEBFD47FE583AF7FBE6" blockId="38.[667,1194,213,1475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
As noted by Miriam
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFC2DFE583BA8FDB6" author="Rothschild, M." pageId="38" pageNumber="38" refId="ref158964" refString="Rothschild, M. 1983. Dear Lord Rothschild. Birds, butterflies and history. Glenside, PA: Balaban Publishers, 398 pp." type="book" year="1983">Rothschild (1983: 158)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Rothschild usually purchased up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD7DFF9DFFEBFB76FE7B3A77FD94" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of any form offered him by collectors. Any remaining specimens were then sent to dealers to be sold for the collector. It appears that this is what occurred in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9DFFEBFC40FD163D09FD02" box="[959,1134,655,678]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFC40FD163D09FD02" box="[959,1134,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Z. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is unclear whether Hartert used all of the specimens or only the ones purchased by Rothschild for his description. However, the specimens Hartert used would comprise his type series and specimens other than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFD64FCC63A63FCF3" box="[667,772,833,855]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
therefore become
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFC06FCC63DC2FCF3" box="[1017,1189,833,855]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Information I supplied to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFBF1FCD93AF3FC36" author="Dekker, R. W. R. J. & C. Quaisser" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref149285" refString="Dekker, R. W. R. J., and C. Quaisser. 2006. Type specimens in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. Part 3. Passerines: Pachycephalidae-Corvidae (Peters's sequence). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Technical Bulletin 9: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2006">Dekker and Quaisser (2006: 22)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
caused them to list Everett’s specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C054D77FF9DFFEBFC5BFC1D3D35FC0B" box="[932,1106,920,943]" class="Aves" family="Zosteropidae" genus="Zosterops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFC5BFC1D3D35FC0B" box="[932,1106,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">Z. superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is now in RMNH as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFC40FC303D06FC69" box="[959,1121,951,973]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. And because we do not know whether or not Hartert used all of the specimens Everett collected at that time, Dekker and Quaisser’s decision was correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA36F4FF9DFFEBFD47FBCC3D57FA67" blockId="38.[667,1194,213,1475]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">
|
||
I did not at that time recognize the ambiguity in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFCC2FBEE3D52FBDB" author="Hartert, E." box="[829,1077,1129,1151]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="425 - 505" refId="ref152415" refString="Hartert, E. 1920. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (cont'd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505." type="journal article" year="1920">Hartert’s (1920: 437)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listing of the type and considered it a valid designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFD29FB243A58FB1D" box="[726,831,1187,1209]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
because the data for the type published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B05FF9DFFEBFCC7FB463D7EFB73" author="Hartert, E." box="[824,1049,1217,1239]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" pagination="425 - 505" refId="ref152415" refString="Hartert, E. 1920. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection (cont'd.). Novitates Zoologicae 27: 425 - 505." type="journal article" year="1920">Hartert (1920: 437)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed with the data on the specimen. Ambiguity arises, however, in cases where more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03FD7DFF9DFFEBFB80FB7B3A62FA8B" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="B971EAE6FF9DFFEBFCF0FA9D3AEEFA8B" box="[783,905,1306,1327]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="38">in AMNH</emphasis>
|
||
has the same collection data as ‘‘the type.’’ In this case, there are two, and I have removed the ambiguity by designating as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE8856FF9DFFEBFCAAFAF53AD9FA2C" box="[853,958,1394,1416]" pageId="38" pageNumber="38" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the specimen that Hartert intended as the type, which now has a unique AMNH catalog number.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |