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<document id="EDE902D8AEB97569AAC6656F2CFFE325" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4409b61-2892-4683-a419-757992e0f0fd" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3696913" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78CE477A-B911-429B-8CA4-267640206CAF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583333253857" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Rio, Cédric Del &amp; Franceschi, Dario De" docDate="2020" docId="03AC878EFC3EFF92FBC5FADFFAB1FD00" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.42.2.17-28.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF95FFF6FC3AFF97FFD1FF8BFFB4FF92" masterDocTitle="Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698724689598" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="E160BF75013FD0F5E53CCB1BB5345019">Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the Paris Basin (early Eocene, France): local diversity and global biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="05DE146D3C0F22A246BAC45A93109D10">Rio, Cédric Del</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE6B5145D69511E0B7F5DC8BA0830213">Franceschi, Dario De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="311DBEEDE966392FD9F2700146117416">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="51133601BD80A1BB06BF21B14916B27B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="957CFDC13BA8CBC86F08F75DB93D28BD">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="17969D26B6784F3C2CDB0F59C874A7AC">2020-02-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4130CB6CAC57B83CBD23BC8354BB6C01">42</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8DDAA6FF4ADC8AAD409BFAEA225D60B8" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="88499BB8B5AE23AA7567E0415D0F922E" type="Zenodo-Dep">3696913</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="180FE7D18598D0A88299960F06D9CE23" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78CE477A-B911-429B-8CA4-267640206CAF</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC878EFC3EFF92FBC5FADFFAB1FD00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703968" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162385024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703968" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC878EFC3EFF92FBC5FADFFAB1FD00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC878EFC3EFF92FBC5FADFFAB1FD00" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3EFF93FBC5FADFFB7CFAFD" box="[1044,1224,1364,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FBC5FADFFB7CFAFD" blockId="4.[946,1322,1364,1455]" box="[1044,1224,1364,1391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0F281F4FC3EFF93FBC5FADFFB7CFAFD" box="[1044,1224,1364,1391]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3EFF93FBC5FADFFB7CFAFD" authority="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[1044,1224,1364,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3EFF93FBC5FADFFB7CFAFD" bold="true" box="[1044,1224,1364,1391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Iodes passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3EFF93FC63FAFEFC6EF944" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FC63FAFEFB1CFA3D" blockId="4.[946,1322,1364,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3EFF93FBECFA1EFBCFFA3D" box="[1085,1147,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-I)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCFA5BFC6EF944" blockId="4.[813,1455,1488,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Endocarp bilaterally symmetrical, unilocular, elliptical, lenticular in transverse section; outer surface of the endocarp with a reticulate pattern of rounded and thin ridges with a channel on the median apical part, enclosing 25-29 polygonal areoles per face, with few or no free-ending ridgelets; a keel surrounds the fruit in the plane of symmetry with the thicker side containing a vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Endocarp possesses a small pair of pores. Inner endocarp surface densely covered with regularly spaced and sessile rounded papillae. Endocarp length
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3EFF93FA82F92EFAD7F92E" box="[1363,1379,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3EFF93FABAF92EFA1FF92E" box="[1387,1451,1701,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
, width
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3EFF93FCBCF934FCC9F944" box="[877,893,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3EFF93FC52F934FC62F944" box="[899,982,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3EFF93FCFCF97BFBD2F8A9" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCF97BFBC6F89A" blockId="4.[813,1138,1776,1801]" box="[813,1138,1776,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54BE883AFC3EFF93FCFCF97BFC22F894" box="[813,918,1776,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CC5FC3EFF93FC13F97AFBD8F89B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573323296" box="[962,1132,1777,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">MNHN.F.44736</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCF8A8FBD2F8A9" blockId="4.[813,1126,1827,1851]" box="[813,1126,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54BE883AFC3EFF93FCFCF8A8FC3FF8AB" box="[813,907,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<materialsCitation id="3B6D3CC5FC3EFF93FC67F8A8FBD4F8A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2573323298" box="[950,1120,1827,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">MNHN.F.44739</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3EFF93FCFCF8DEFBD9F828" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCF8DEFB9AF81A" blockId="4.[813,1455,1877,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
ETYMOLOGY. — From the latin name of Passy (
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3EFF93FB20F8DDFAF1F8FF" box="[1265,1349,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Passicum</emphasis>
) where the fossil taxon was recovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCF829FBD9F828" blockId="4.[813,1133,1954,1978]" box="[813,1133,1954,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">STRATIGRAPHY. — Early Eocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3EFF93FCFCF85FFBC9F87E" box="[813,1149,2004,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3EFF93FCFCF85FFBC9F87E" blockId="4.[813,1149,2004,2029]" box="[813,1149,2004,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
TYPE LOCALITY. — Passy (
<collectingCountry id="F3127608FC3EFF93FBFAF85FFBC6F87E" box="[1067,1138,2004,2028]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">France</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3FFF92FF55FF52FDEDFCC0" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FF52FEA1FF63" blockId="5.[132,776,217,850]" box="[132,277,217,243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FF72FDEDFCC0" blockId="5.[132,776,217,850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
Endocarp bilaterally symmetrical, unilocular, elliptical, lenticular in transverse section; length
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FDE3FE92FD0FFEA6" box="[562,699,281,308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="6.95" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.7">6.7-7.2 mm</quantity>
, width
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF55FEB1FF22FEC1" box="[132,150,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FF4AFEB2FF40FEC1" box="[155,244,313,339]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FEB8FEB1FECEFEC1" box="[361,378,314,339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FEAEFEB2FE6DFEC1" box="[383,473,313,339]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
. Outer part of the endocarp with a reticulate pattern of rounded and thin ridges with a channel on the median apical part of its surface corresponding to the trace left by the outer vasculature at the boundary between endocarp and mesocarp; 4-5 irregular longitudinal ridges and some inter-ridges, enclosing 25-29 polygonal areoles per face with few or no freely ending ridgelets (
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3FFF92FF3EFD93FED5FDA0" box="[239,353,536,562]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2A, C</figureCitation>
); a keel surrounds the fruit in the plane of symmetry with one part thicker containing a vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall (
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3FFF92FDE9FDD3FD3EFDE0" box="[568,650,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Endocarp possessing a small pair of pores, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the apical endocarp (
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3FFF92FDEDFD13FD39FD20" box="[572,653,664,690]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); endocarp wall
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FF66FD3CFEEDFD40" box="[183,345,695,722]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.15">0.15-0.21 mm</quantity>
thick (excluding ridges,
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FDB7FD33FCB3FD40" box="[614,775,696,722]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.39" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.34">0.34-0.44 mm</quantity>
thick including ridges,
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3FFF92FE53FD5CFE6DFD60" box="[386,473,727,754]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Cell walls of the endocarp not preserved. Inner endocarp surface densely covered with regularly spaced and sessile rounded papillae,
<geoCoordinate id="EE31505FFC3FFF92FDADFC9CFD09FCA3" box="[636,701,791,817]" degrees="0.011" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="0.011">0.011</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE31505FFC3FFF92FD6DFC9CFCB3FCA3" box="[700,775,791,817]" degrees="0.019" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" precision="55" value="-0.019">-0.019</geoCoordinate>
(avg.
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FF13FCBCFE8DFCC0" box="[194,313,823,850]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.016">0.016 mm</quantity>
) in diameter (
<figureCitation id="133E2A1DFC3FFF92FE08FCBCFDFFFCC0" box="[473,587,823,850]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1873,1891]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1761]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[698,1267,751,1303]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi, sp. nov. (MNHN.F.44736): A, lateral view of an endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded and thin ridges; B, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; C, lateral view of second face of the endocarp; D, basal view; E, apical view; F, magnification showing the pores abraded; G, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section;H, SEM view of rounded papillae; I, same with magnification. J-Q, Iodes reidae Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi (MNHN.F.44737): J, lateral view of endocarp showing the reticulum pattern of rounded ridges; K, dorsal view showing the keel, surrounding the endocarp; L, lateral view of second face of endocarp; M, basal view; N, apical view; O, magnification showing the areoles from the reticulation of ridges; P, SEM view of wall and ridges in transversal section; Q, SEM view of the trace left by the vascular bundle embedded in the endocarp wall. Scale bar: A-E, 5 mm; O-Q, 1 mm; J-N, 10 mm; G, 500 µm; F, 100 µm; H, 50 µm; I, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3696917/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2H, I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3FFF92FF55FCFDFEDBFC7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FCFDFF58FC1D" blockId="5.[132,776,886,945]" box="[132,236,886,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FC1CFCBCFC23" blockId="5.[132,776,886,945]" box="[132,776,919,945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">This species is represented by only two lignitic endocarps.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FC5DFEDBFC7D" blockId="5.[132,776,982,2030]" box="[132,367,982,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">SYSTEMATIC AFFINITY</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31F6513FC3FFF92FF55FC7DFAB1FD00" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBA3698FC3FFF92FF55FC7DFAB1FD00" blockId="5.[132,776,982,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1456,217,658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FF55FC7DFE87FB82" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[132,307,1014,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF55FC7DFE87FB82" box="[132,307,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Iodes passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FE90FC7CFE21FB83" box="[321,405,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is unique in having the following combination of characters: 25-29 areoles with no freely ending ridgelets, small pores and rounded ridges. This species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FEC2FBDCFCB3FBE2" authority="Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi" authorityName="Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi" box="[275,775,1110,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reidae">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FEC2FBDCFEDBFBE2" box="[275,367,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. reidae</emphasis>
Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi
</taxonomicName>
in having a pattern of reticulation more developed and a smaller size (both not overlapping).
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FD97FB1DFCB4FB22" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[582,768,1174,1200]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FD97FB1DFCB4FB22" box="[582,768,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Iodes passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FF55FB3DFF6FFB42" box="[132,219,1206,1232]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FEA1FB3DFF4DFB62" authority="Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi" authorityName="Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubulifera">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FEA1FB3DFE47FB42" box="[368,499,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. tubulifera</emphasis>
Del Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi
</taxonomicName>
in having rounded ridges and a smaller size. The horn-like protrusions are also more obvious in
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FD57FB7DFCB3FA9D" box="[646,775,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tubulifera">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FD57FB7DFCB3FA9D" box="[646,775,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. tubulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and protrude sub-apically whereas we have pores in this new species. This species is similar to
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FDFCFABDFD62FADD" box="[557,726,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. rivecourtensis</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FD0FFABEFCB3FADD" box="[734,775,1333,1359]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Del</collectingRegion>
Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi in having rounded ridges, small pores and a reticulation pattern developed without free ending ridgelets. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FE22FA1DFD30FA3D" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[499,644,1430,1455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FE22FA1DFD30FA3D" box="[499,644,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FD44FA1DFD59FA22" box="[661,749,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is smaller, with more areoles, and with a smaller endocarp wall and ridges. This species differs from
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FD91FA5EFD10FA7C" box="[576,676,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. sinuosa</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FD7BFA5EFD67FA7D" box="[682,723,1493,1519]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Del</collectingRegion>
Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi in having distinctly rounded ridges (despite the absence of cell wall preservation) and a more strongly developed reticulate pattern, but is close in other aspects.
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF33F9DFFEE8F9FC" box="[226,348,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FF33F9DFFEA3F9FC" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[226,279,1620,1646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
parva
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FEB5F9DFFE39F9FC" box="[356,397,1620,1646]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Del</collectingRegion>
Rio, Thomas &amp; De Franceschi is close to this species but is smaller, with fewer areoles and has horn-like protrusions that clearly protrude out from the endocarp wall. It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FDF0F93FFF4BF97C" authority="S. E. Allen, Stull" authorityName="S. E. Allen, Stull" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FDF0F93FFD60F95C" box="[545,724,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Iodes occidentalis</emphasis>
S.E. Allen, Stull
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FEF3F95FFE17F97C" box="[290,419,1748,1774]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Manchester</collectingRegion>
in lack of free-ending ridges and pores.
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF01F97FFE1BF89C" box="[208,431,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FF01F97FFEB1F89C" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[208,261,1780,1806]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
multireticulata
</emphasis>
Reid &amp; Chandler (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B69FC3FFF92FD43F97FFF09F8BC" author="STULL G. W. &amp; ADAMS N. F. &amp; MANCHESTER S. R. &amp; SYKES D. &amp; LINSON M. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="20" pagination="713 - 745" refId="ref10562" refString="STULL G. W., ADAMS N. F., MANCHESTER S. R., SYKES D. &amp; COL- LINSON M. E. 2016. - Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT. Botany 94 (9): 713 - 745. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjb- 2016 - 0063" type="journal article" year="2016">
Stull
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FD01F97EFCBCF89C" box="[720,776,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) lacks pores and are bigger than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FDA6F89FFCB4F8BF" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[631,768,1812,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FDA6F89FFCB4F8BF" box="[631,768,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FF55F8BFFF63F8DC" box="[132,215,1844,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF0DF8B8FE30F8DF" box="[220,388,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FF0DF8B8FEA4F8DF" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[220,272,1843,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
germanica
</emphasis>
Knobloch &amp; Mai is slightly smaller (
<quantity id="4CFD9B7DFC3FFF92FF5CF8D8FF5DF8FC" box="[141,233,1875,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
) than this new species and apparently lacks pores (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B69FC3FFF92FF5FF8F8FE28F81F" author="KNOBLOCH E. &amp; MAI D. H." box="[142,412,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref9181" refString="KNOBLOCH E. &amp; MAI D. H. 1986. - Monographie der Fruchte und Samen in der Kreide von Mitteleuropa. Vydal Ustredni ustav geologicky 47: 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1986">
Knobloch &amp;
<date id="FFBB1058FC3FFF92FEF8F8F8FE28F81F" box="[297,412,1907,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" value="1986-05">Mai 1986</date>
</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FE67F8F8FDFFF81F" box="[438,587,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FE67F8F8FE58F81F" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[438,492,1907,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
bilinica
</emphasis>
(Ettingshausen) Stull, Adams,
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FEF1F818FE16F83F" box="[288,418,1939,1965]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Manchester</collectingRegion>
&amp; Collinson differs by the presence of frequent free-ending ridges. The length and width of
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FF71F85FFEB9F87F" box="[160,269,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. eocenica</emphasis>
Reid &amp; Chandler (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B69FC3FFF92FE0EF858FD3DF87F" author="STULL G. W. &amp; ADAMS N. F. &amp; MANCHESTER S. R. &amp; SYKES D. &amp; LINSON M. E." box="[479,649,2003,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" pagination="713 - 745" refId="ref10562" refString="STULL G. W., ADAMS N. F., MANCHESTER S. R., SYKES D. &amp; COL- LINSON M. E. 2016. - Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT. Botany 94 (9): 713 - 745. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjb- 2016 - 0063" type="journal article" year="2016">
Stull
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FDC9F85FFDFFF87F" box="[536,587,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) are almost double those of
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FC3DFF51FB34FF61" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[1004,1152,218,243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FC3DFF51FB34FF61" box="[1004,1152,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FB40FF51FB5FFF66" box="[1169,1259,218,244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FB25FF52FA04FF61" box="[1268,1456,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FB25FF52FA9EFF61" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[1268,1322,217,243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
acutiformis
</emphasis>
Chandler possesses an acute apex (
<bibRefCitation id="EF944B69FC3FFF92FB78FF72FAE6FE81" author="CHANDLER M. E. J." box="[1193,1362,249,275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refId="ref8227" refString="CHANDLER M. E. J. 1962. - The Lower Tertiary floras of Southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-Clay Series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot). British Museum of Natural History, London, 176 p." type="book" year="1962">Chandler 1962</bibRefCitation>
), unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FCFCFE91FC0CFEA1" authority="Rio &amp; Franceschi, 2020" authorityName="Del Rio &amp; De Franceschi" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,952,282,307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="passiciensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FCFCFE91FC0CFEA1" box="[813,952,282,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. passiciensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24257F1FC3FFF92FC15FE91FBAFFEA6" box="[964,1051,282,308]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but seems to be very similar in other characters despite having a more relaxed reticulation pattern.
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FCFCFED2FC03FEE1" box="[813,951,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C054D1BFC3FFF92FCFCFED2FCD4FEE1" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[813,864,345,371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Iodes</taxonomicName>
brownii
</emphasis>
(Berry) Stull, Adams,
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FB75FED2FA97FEE1" box="[1188,1315,345,371]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Manchester</collectingRegion>
&amp; Collinson and
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FC8CFEF2FC58FE00" box="[861,1004,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. corniculata</emphasis>
Reid &amp; Chandler have a similar number of areoles but are larger in size. The channel on the median apical part of the ridges is also found in the species
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FA88FE32FA04FE40" box="[1369,1456,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. rigida</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C1F87AFC3FFF92FCFCFE53FCE2FE60" box="[813,854,472,498]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Del</collectingRegion>
Rio &amp; De Franceschi from Le Quesnoy site. However, the ridge structures are different with
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FB06FE72FA85FD80" box="[1239,1329,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. rigida</emphasis>
that showing an I-beam-like shape of ridges (almost rectangular). All these considerations allow us to describe a new species from these two specimens, which is close to
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FAC8FDD2FACBFDE0" box="[1305,1407,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. sinuosa</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B971EA8AFC3FFF92FCFCFDF3FC36FD03" box="[813,898,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">I. parva</emphasis>
described from the Rivecourt site.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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