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<document ID-DOI="10.1093/molbev/msu329" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a364ceb5-1864-42dd-8964-fc452127f62f" ID-PMC="PMC4769323" ID-PubMed="25433366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3760492" checkinTime="1587548066569" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J. &amp; Teeling, Emma C." docDate="2014" docId="03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E" docLanguage="en" docName="moBiolEvol.32.2.313-333.pdf" docOrigin="Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinonycteridae J. E. Gray 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="FF95FFF8FF9DFFFD84070815756D4A1E" masterDocTitle="How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="313" pageNumber="319" updateTime="1668135803336" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Foley, Nicole M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biology &amp; Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Thong, Vu Dinh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Soisook, Pipat</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Armstrong, Kyle N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology &amp; Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jacobs, David S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Puechmaille, Sebastien J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Teeling, Emma C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Molecular Biology and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2014-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number>32</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3805287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163730924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3805287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC8780FF9BFFFB848E090476B9491E" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
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<subSubSection box="[137,579,273,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" box="[137,579,273,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
Family
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1866" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[220,573,273,297]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Rhinonycteridae J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[451,573,273,297]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866:81,</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[303,413,305,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" box="[303,413,305,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[303,408,305,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">new rank</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[420,717,305,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" box="[420,717,305,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Old World leaf-nosed bats.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" box="[164,518,337,361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
(=
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray 1866: 81" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1866" box="[182,514,337,361]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Rhinonycterina">
Rhinonycterina J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[382,514,337,361]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray 1866:81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
including the Subfamily
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray 1866: 81" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1866" box="[135,492,369,393]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhinonycterinae">
Rhinonycterinae J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[353,492,369,393]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray 1866:81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,764,138,586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
; Tribe
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray 1866: 81" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhinonycterini">
Rhinonycterini J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[135,275,402,426]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray 1866:81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Tribe
<taxonomicName authority="Benda and Vallo 2009: 33" authorityName="Benda and Vallo" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="2009" box="[356,758,402,426]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Triaenopini">
Triaenopini
<bibRefCitation author="Benda P &amp; Vallo P." box="[487,758,402,426]" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zool." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 45" part="58" refId="ref15377" refString="Benda P, Vallo P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58: 1 - 45." title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe" type="journal article" year="2009">Benda and Vallo 2009:33</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Subtribe
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray 1866: 81" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1866" box="[232,578,434,458]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Rhinonycterina">
Rhinonycterina J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[439,578,434,458]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray 1866:81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(including [fossil taxa with
<emphasis bold="true" box="[239,250,465,488]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319"></emphasis>
]
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1847: 16" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1847" box="[270,582,466,490]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Rhinonicteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[270,399,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Rhinonicteris</emphasis>
J.E. Gray, 1847:16
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName authority="Thomas 1901: 28" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Cloeotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[593,670,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Cloeotis</emphasis>
Thomas 1901:28
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName authority="Dobson 1871: 455" authorityName="Dobson" authorityPageNumber="455" authorityYear="1871" box="[225,513,498,522]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Triaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[225,324,498,522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Triaenops</emphasis>
Dobson 1871:455
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis box="[524,709,498,522]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,535,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319"></emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Sige, 1968: 83" authorityName="Sige" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Brachipposideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
Brachipposideros
<bibRefCitation author="Sige B." journalOrPublisher="Paleovertebrata" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="65 - 133" part="1" refId="ref18756" refString="Sige B. 1968. Les chiropteres du Miocene inferieur de Bouzigues. I. Etude systematique. Paleovertebrata 1: 65 - 133." title="Les chiropteres du Miocene inferieur de Bouzigues. I. Etude systematique" type="journal article" year="1968">Sige, 1968:83</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis box="[246,384,530,554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[246,257,530,553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319"></emphasis>
Brevipalatus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Hand S &amp; Archer M." box="[413,759,530,554]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="371 - 383" part="48" refId="ref16376" refString="Hand S, Archer M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48: 371 - 383." title="A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia" type="journal article" year="2005">Hand and Archer 2005:372</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName authority="Benda and Vallo 2009: 31" authorityName="Benda and Vallo" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="2009" box="[135,542,562,586]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Paratriaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[135,276,562,586]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Paratriaenops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Benda P &amp; Vallo P." box="[283,542,562,586]" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zool." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 45" part="58" refId="ref15377" refString="Benda P, Vallo P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58: 1 - 45." title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe" type="journal article" year="2009">Benda and Vallo 2009:31</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[135,566,616,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,762,616,865]" box="[135,566,616,640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis box="[135,279,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Type Genus—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1847" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[278,566,616,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Rhinonicteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
Rhinonicteris
<emphasis box="[422,566,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">J.E. Gray, 1847</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,762,616,865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
Type genus is
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1847: 16" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1847" box="[287,605,649,673]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Rhinonicteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[287,416,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Rhinonicteris</emphasis>
J.E. Gray, 1847:16
</taxonomicName>
, which was included in J.E.
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[287,457,681,705]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Grays (1866:81)</bibRefCitation>
supra-generic grouping, the
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[135,294,713,737]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Rhinonycterina">Rhinonycterina</taxonomicName>
, which he called “leaf-nosed bats”. Correct generic spelling was discussed by
<bibRefCitation author="Simmons NB" box="[498,713,745,769]" editor="Wilson DE &amp; Reeder DM" journalOrPublisher="Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="312 - 529" refId="ref18912" refString="Simmons NB. 2005. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 312 - 529." title="Order chiroptera" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference" year="2005">Simmons (2005:378)</bibRefCitation>
and resolved by
<bibRefCitation author="Armstrong KN" box="[280,477,777,801]" journalOrPublisher="Aust Mammal." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="125 - 130" part="28" refId="ref15308" refString="Armstrong KN. 2006. Resolving the correct nomenclature of the orange leaf-nosed bat Rhinonicteris aurantia (Gray, 1845) (Hipposideridae). Aust Mammal. 28: 125 - 130." title="Resolving the correct nomenclature of the orange leaf-nosed bat Rhinonicteris aurantia (Gray, 1845) (Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Armstrong (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, see also
<bibRefCitation author="Mahoney J &amp; Walton D." editor="Bannister JL &amp; Calaby JH &amp; Dawson LJ &amp; Ling JK &amp; Mahoney JA &amp; McKay GM &amp; Richardson BJ &amp; Ride WDL &amp; Walton DW" journalOrPublisher="Zoological catalogue of Australia Vol" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="5124 - 127" refId="ref17327" refString="Mahoney J, Walton D. 1988. Hipposideridae. In: Bannister JL, Calaby JH, Dawson LJ, Ling JK, Mahoney JA, McKay GM, Richardson BJ, Ride WDL, Walton DW, editors. Hipposideridae. Zoological catalogue of Australia Vol. 5124 - 127." title="Hipposideridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Hipposideridae" year="1988">Mahoney and Walton (1988:127)</bibRefCitation>
(see derivato nominis section of the supplementary information for further discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,763,896,1978]" box="[135,713,896,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis box="[135,713,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
Description and Diagnosis of the Family
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[550,713,896,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,763,896,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
The soft part characters of the rhinarium (noseleaf) outlined here are derived largely from
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[430,550,960,984]" editor="Eyre E" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="405 - 411" refId="ref16217" refString="Gray J. 1845. In: Eyre E, editor, Description of some new Australian animals, p 405 - 411." title="Description of some new Australian animals" type="book chapter" year="1845">Gray (1845)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Hill J." box="[600,706,960,984]" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zool Beitr." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="165 - 186" part="33" refId="ref16494" refString="Hill J. 1982. A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Bonn Zool Beitr. 33: 165 - 186." title="A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Hill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, with verification of specimens in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). The Family
<taxonomicName authority=", Old World" authorityName="Old World" box="[462,761,1024,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae, Old World</taxonomicName>
leaf-nosed bats, as diagnosed here, possess the following combination of five principal features of the rhinarium observable in extant species (reference specimens include
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[608,762,1121,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" genus="Cleotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percivali">
<emphasis box="[608,762,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Cleotis percivali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[BMNH 56.550],
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Trouessart" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[329,567,1153,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Paratriaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furculus">
<emphasis box="[329,567,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Paratriaenops furculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[BMNH 78.185],
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[135,364,1185,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Rhinonicteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis box="[135,364,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Rhinonicteris aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[BMNH 57.10.24.10], and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Triaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Triaenops persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[BMNH 72.4372]): 1) having a sella (strap-like projection) extending forward from the internarial region of the anterior portion of the rhinarium, which distinguishes them from their closest relatives in the
<taxonomicName authority="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker, 1891: 657" authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="657" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Hipposideridae Lydekker,
<emphasis box="[743,762,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Flower WH &amp; Lydekker R" box="[135,443,1345,1369]" journalOrPublisher="London: Adam and Charles Black" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" refId="ref16096" refString="Flower WH, Lydekker R 1891. An introduction to the study of mammals, living and extinct. London: Adam and Charles Black." title="An introduction to the study of mammals, living and extinct" type="book" year="1891">Flower and Lydekker,1891:657</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) anterior rhinarium is deeply emarginate medianly, more so than in the
<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1825: 242)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityPageNumber="242" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinolophidae (Gray, 1825:242)</taxonomicName>
(see illustrations in
<bibRefCitation author="Hill J." box="[526,637,1409,1433]" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zool Beitr." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="165 - 186" part="33" refId="ref16494" refString="Hill J. 1982. A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Bonn Zool Beitr. 33: 165 - 186." title="A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Hill [1982]</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Benda P &amp; Vallo P." journalOrPublisher="Folia Zool." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 45" part="58" refId="ref15377" refString="Benda P, Vallo P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58: 1 - 45." title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe" type="journal article" year="2009">Benda and Vallo [2009]</bibRefCitation>
; cf.
<bibRefCitation author="Csorba G &amp; Ujhelyi P &amp; Thomas N" box="[339,522,1441,1465]" journalOrPublisher="Shropshire UK: Alana Books" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" refId="ref15700" refString="Csorba G, Ujhelyi P, Thomas N 2003. Horseshoe bats of the World. Shropshire UK: Alana Books." title="Horseshoe bats of the World" type="book" year="2003">Csorba et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
); 3) strongly cellularized (more so than members of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[477,635,1473,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
) and multipocketed posterior rhinarium; 4) either with (
<emphasis box="[692,757,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Cleotis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis box="[135,280,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benda and Vallo" authorityYear="2009" box="[135,276,1538,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Paratriaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Paratriaenops</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1871" box="[343,443,1538,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Triaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[343,443,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Triaenops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or without (
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[600,729,1538,1562]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Rhinonicteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[600,729,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Rhinonicteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) a trident-like projection oriented dorsally and originating from the caudal margin (these are structurally different from the three reduced projections in the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[684,749,1634,1658]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Asellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[684,749,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">Asellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and 5) a compressed longitudinal process originating from the intermediate rhinarium between the nares and central cellular pocket. For further descriptions and illustrations, see the following:
<bibRefCitation author="Gray J." box="[287,412,1762,1786]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Zool Soc Lond." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref16241" refString="Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray (1866)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dobson GE" box="[426,583,1762,1786]" journalOrPublisher="London: Trustees of the British Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" refId="ref15869" refString="Dobson GE. 1878. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum." title="Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum" type="book" year="1878">Dobson (1878)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hill J." box="[598,708,1762,1786]" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zool Beitr." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="165 - 186" part="33" refId="ref16494" refString="Hill J. 1982. A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Bonn Zool Beitr. 33: 165 - 186." title="A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Hill (1982)</bibRefCitation>
; and
<bibRefCitation author="Benda P &amp; Vallo P." box="[135,377,1794,1818]" journalOrPublisher="Folia Zool." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 45" part="58" refId="ref15377" refString="Benda P, Vallo P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58: 1 - 45." title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe" type="journal article" year="2009">Benda and Vallo (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. The
<taxonomicName box="[434,602,1794,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
are further distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[306,461,1826,1850]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
by a 128-bp retrotransposon insertion in the
<emphasis box="[302,347,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">THY</emphasis>
gene fragment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="319" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="6.[135,763,896,1978]" lastBlockId="6.[825,1453,137,768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">
The
<taxonomicName box="[213,381,1890,1914]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
differ from the
<taxonomicName authority=", Van der Hoeven, 1855: 1028" authorityName="Van der Hoeven" authorityPageNumber="1028" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Nycteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Nycteridae, Van der Hoeven, 1855:1028</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority=", H. Allen, 1864: 1" authorityName=", H. Allen" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1864" box="[399,762,1922,1946]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megadermatidae, H. Allen, 1864:1</taxonomicName>
based on noseleaf structure (as described above; see descriptions of the latter in
<bibRefCitation author="Tate GHH" box="[1168,1301,137,161]" journalOrPublisher="Remarks on some Old World leaf-nosed Bats. Am Mus Novit." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 11" part="1140" refId="ref19428" refString="Tate GHH. 1941 a. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 36. Remarks on some Old World leaf-nosed Bats. Am Mus Novit. 1140: 1 - 11." title="Results of the Archbold Expeditions" type="journal article" year="1941">Tate [1941a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tate GHH" box="[1324,1386,137,161]" journalOrPublisher="A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist." pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="353 - 393" part="73" refId="ref19388" refString="Tate GHH. 1941 b. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 35. A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 73: 353 - 393." title="Results of the Archbold Expeditions" type="journal article" year="1941">1941b</bibRefCitation>
] and
<bibRefCitation author="Koopman KF" box="[825,1002,169,193]" editor="Andreas S-R" journalOrPublisher="Berlin (Germany): Walter de Gruyter" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="1 - 217" refId="ref16881" refString="Koopman KF. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. In: Andreas S-R, editor. Handbook of zoology. Berlin (Germany): Walter de Gruyter. p. 1 - 217." title="Chiroptera: Systematics" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of zoology" year="1994">Koopman [1994]</bibRefCitation>
) and by having ears that are separate, not enlarged and lacking a tragus. Like the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[1223,1380,201,225]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
, members of the
<taxonomicName box="[939,1107,233,257]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
differ from the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1267,1419,233,257]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinolophidae</taxonomicName>
, by having two pedal phalanges rather than three, and they lack a P
<subScript attach="left" box="[838,847,308,324]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">3</subScript>
. Craniodental features of extinct and extant
<taxonomicName box="[825,993,329,353]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
show considerable variation, and the examination of relevant specimens and literature does not reveal characters that diagnose members of the
<taxonomicName box="[1284,1452,393,417]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
from all other rhinolophoids or from the members of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[825,982,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation author="Sige B &amp; Hand S &amp; Archer M." box="[1034,1211,457,481]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeovertebrata" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="149 - 171" part="12" refId="ref18809" refString="Sige B, Hand S, Archer M. 1982. An Australian Miocene Brachipposideros (Mammalia, Chiroptera) related to Miocene representatives from France. Palaeovertebrata 12: 149 - 171." title="An Australian Miocene Brachipposideros (Mammalia, Chiroptera) related to Miocene representatives from France" type="journal article" year="1982">Sige et al. (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Hand S &amp; Archer M." journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" pagination="371 - 383" part="48" refId="ref16376" refString="Hand S, Archer M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48: 371 - 383." title="A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia" type="journal article" year="2005">Hand and Archer (2005)</bibRefCitation>
for combinations of features that distinguish fossil members of the
<taxonomicName box="[1022,1190,521,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
from members of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[825,982,553,577]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
; these differences are not necessarily unique to the
<taxonomicName box="[917,1087,585,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
. Both the
<taxonomicName box="[1227,1395,585,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinonycteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinonycteridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker, in Flower and Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[825,980,616,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
differ in terms of their echolocation call structure from the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[968,1120,648,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinolophidae</taxonomicName>
, emitting typical pulse durations of around 15 ms or less in “search mode”, compared with
<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,853,712,736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="319">4</emphasis>
30 ms search mode calls produced by members of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[825,977,744,768]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinolophidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>