443 lines
55 KiB
XML
443 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="69994647916E868AB6107E829982489E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.205462" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbe7df0d-6fcf-4d0a-b11e-371c8343e7f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="205462" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460248104708" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chapple, David G., Bell, Trent P., Chapple, Stephanie N. J., Miller, Kimberly A., Daugherty, Charles H. & Patterson, Geoff B." docDate="2011" docId="03AC4C118D30A420FF4CFB2AFCEF4AF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02782p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2782" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oligosoma burganae Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF9534698D22A435FFDBFFADFFE64E76" masterDocTitle="Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698242207610" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6DB1FA3F029A364BEE447311B8F2E8DA">
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<mods:title id="24360A264E20BD67B4E15CB417710793">Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B036716716A317AB072CC7A6BB8BBD7A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0F9BE8AF67165343DC7A53A3DB6EC0FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C4D2AA0A67BA32B908378E73647EFABD">Chapple, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="97E14DC202206054C99F268C6996FEC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E7231CDA39344C576B53C36E9471D183">Bell, Trent P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F48E7611E96A0C6CEADEA81554348814">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6DFD30D8EB3EC2F88CD0E0459266BA7A">Chapple, Stephanie N. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="23E9DB488FA497CDF812D4FF6FA4062B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DB6C6AB39AE5D4938E5A7CB4C81519E6">Miller, Kimberly A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0488BF4A4E59D285B3CBD7CB0E3DEAB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BDCBD5961D3F4FC2E97162CD3223A93D">Daugherty, Charles H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="80EFE453741413C4A501B91DB794F5F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B1E3443AE018F82539188F2261657FA7">Patterson, Geoff B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BD171489BC613C940BAB92F5DB2BADE2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="79FF82FC6795C3C3689831FDE92B8384">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B9427FDD62B30B2B615AC6633CAF2B59">
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<mods:date id="A9C5B34747A3301112DACCECF5422A12">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="94E40D910D689C938DEE8B8E405EF8A5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AA0AFAECE8E6716CC733318EBA8EC4E8">2782</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DCDCCE7296EE2AF2CE1CAF3DB6D44842">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D50208D0922A9D6DEDD197DD6761F8C7">33</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="68AB45DF81E9F81B80E6AD22ECB74124">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6B756D3330516B5DC6251EFD2E72DD99" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.205462</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C7BEA9256BE6801C81B7312FCCBB64B1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC4C118D30A420FF4CFB2AFCEF4AF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6182744" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6182744" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C830C9D1-1041-44AF-AE24-AD3763E70718" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC4C118D30A420FF4CFB2AFCEF4AF7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D30A427FF4CFB2AFF134AB4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF4CFB2AFE1F4AD7" blockId="18.[151,505,1159,1218]" box="[151,505,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0F24A6B8D30A427FF4CFB2AFE1F4AD7" bold="true" box="[151,505,1159,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF4CFB2AFE1F4AD7" bold="true" box="[151,505,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF4CFB2AFE724AD7" box="[151,404,1159,1185]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF4CFB2AFE724AD7" bold="true" box="[151,404,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma burganae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D30A427FE40FB2AFE1F4AD7" box="[411,505,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF4CFB07FF134AB4" blockId="18.[151,505,1159,1218]" box="[151,245,1194,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D30A427FF4CFB07FF134AB4" box="[151,245,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. a" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionTargetBox="[240,1331,207,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[233,1348,193,1950]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. a) Holotype of O. burganae (RE 002390 / 1), Rock and Pillar Range. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. burganae holotype (RE 002390 / 1). c) Live specimen of O. burganae (photo: J. Reardon)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205472/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D30A427FF4CFB5FFD414B51" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF4CFB5FFD414B51" blockId="18.[151,759,1266,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF4CFB5FFD114B7E" authority="Patterson & Daugherty 1990: 66" authorityName="Patterson & Daugherty" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,759,1266,1288]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF4CFB5FFE414B7E" box="[151,423,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Leiolopisma inconspicuum</emphasis>
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Patterson & Daugherty 1990: 66
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF4CFABCFD414B51" authority="Patterson 1984" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,679,1297,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nigriplantare" subSpecies="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF4CFABCFDEF4B51" box="[151,521,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D30A427FDD4FABFFD414B51" author="Patterson" box="[527,679,1298,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1984) The effect of burning-off tussock grassland on the population density of common skinks. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1984">Patterson 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D30A427FF4CFAF9FD444811" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF4CFAF9FEF34BF9" blockId="18.[151,1437,1364,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF4CFAF9FEED4B1A" bold="true" box="[151,267,1364,1388]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D30A427FF4CFAF9FEE04B1A" box="[151,262,1364,1388]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Burgan Stream, Rock and Pillar Range (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FD0BFAF9FCD24B1A" box="[720,820,1364,1388]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-45.583332">45º 35’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FCE4FAF9FC544B1A" box="[831,946,1364,1388]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="169.93333">169º 56’E</geoCoordinate>
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), RE002390/1, adult female (coll. G. Patterson, 1982).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A427FF1EFA31FD444811" blockId="18.[151,1437,1364,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF1EFA31FDE24BC2" bold="true" box="[197,516,1435,1460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D30A427FF1EFA31FEDB4BC2" box="[197,317,1436,1460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D30A427FE8AFA36FE114BC2" box="[337,503,1435,1460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Burgan Stream, Rock and Pillar Range (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FC29FA31FBBA4BC2" box="[1010,1116,1436,1460]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-45.583332">45º 35’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FBB6FA31FB034BC2" box="[1133,1253,1436,1460]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="169.93333">169º 56’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D30A427FB24FA31FA7A4BC2" box="[1279,1436,1436,1460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
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(RE006149 [CD765], male; RE006150 [CD766], female; RE006151 [CD767], male; RE006152 [CD768], female; RE006153 [CD769], female; RE006154 [CD770], male; RE006155 [CD771], male; RE006156 [CD772], female; RE006157 [CD773], female; RE006159 [CD774], female; RE006160 [CD775], male; RE006161 [CD776], female) (coll. G. Patterson,
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<date id="FFBBDBC78D30A427FE17F981FDAC4832" box="[460,586,1580,1604]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1984-04">April 1984</date>
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); Burgan Stream, Rock and Pillar Range (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FBF8F981FB6E4832" box="[1059,1160,1580,1604]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-45.583332">45º 35’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE319BC08D30A427FB4FF981FAE14832" box="[1172,1287,1580,1604]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="169.93333">169º 56’E</geoCoordinate>
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), RE002391/ 1, female (coll. G. Patterson,
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<date id="FFBBDBC78D30A427FE07F9E2FD734811" box="[476,661,1615,1639]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1981-11">November 1981</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D30A426FF1EF9DEFDDD4E81" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D30A426FF1EF9DEFDDD4E81" blockId="18.[151,1437,1364,2036]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF1EF9DEFED948FA" bold="true" box="[197,319,1651,1676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FE9CF9D9FDD248FA" box="[327,564,1652,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE9CF9D9FDD248FA" box="[327,564,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma burganae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other related
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC25F9D9FB9F48FA" box="[1022,1145,1652,1676]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC25F9D9FB9F48FA" box="[1022,1145,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species through a combination of characters (
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<figureCitation id="133EE1828D30A427FE5FF93AFE0E48D9" box="[388,488,1687,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 a – b" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[208,1317,205,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1380,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4 a – b. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): a) axilla-groin (AG) / snout-forelimb (SF), b) snout-vent length (SVL) / head width (HW). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95 % confidence level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205466/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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). Compared to
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FD4DF935FC2748C6" box="[662,961,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FD4DF935FCCF48C6" box="[662,809,1688,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">O. maccanni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FCEFF935FC2748C6" box="[820,961,1688,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">O. burganae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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has a glossy appearance, with brown predominating whereas
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FE59F910FDF448A2" box="[386,530,1725,1748]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE59F910FDF448A2" box="[386,530,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a greyer ground colour.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC8DF911FBA048A2" box="[854,1094,1724,1748]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC8DF911FBA048A2" box="[854,1094,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a pale grey ventral colour rather than the yellow/grey ventral colour seen in
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FD0CF94DFC8B488E" box="[727,877,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FD0CF94DFC8C488E" box="[727,874,1760,1784]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">O. burganae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The ear opening in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FB82F94DFB0C488E" box="[1113,1258,1760,1784]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
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<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FB82F94DFB0C488E" box="[1113,1258,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. maccanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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often has large projecting scales on the interior margin, whereas these are often minimal or lacking altogether in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FADEF8A8FA7F496A" box="[1285,1433,1796,1820]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FADEF8A8FAFF496A" box="[1285,1305,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FAF0F8A9FA7F496A" box="[1323,1433,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Longitudinal striping is more pronounced in sympatric populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC77F885FBBC4936" box="[940,1114,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC77F885FBB34936" box="[940,1109,1832,1856]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">O. polychroma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which almost always have a pale dorsal stripe on the outside of the forelimbs. The ear opening in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC4CF8E0FBD84912" box="[919,1086,1868,1892]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC4CF8E0FBD84912" box="[919,1086,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often has prominent projecting scales on the interior margin. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC68F8DDFBA649FE" box="[947,1088,1904,1928]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC68F8DDFBA649FE" box="[947,1088,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FBA3F8DDFAD049FE" box="[1144,1334,1904,1928]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FBA3F8DDFAD049FE" box="[1144,1334,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AG/SF, HL/HW, SE/EF, SVL/HL, SVL/FLL),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FD90F838FD7849DA" box="[587,670,1940,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toka" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FD90F838FD7849DA" box="[587,670,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. toka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FD7DF839FCE649DA" bold="true" box="[678,768,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D30A427FD7DF839FCE649DA" box="[678,768,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SVL/HLL, ventral scales),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FB98F838FB0449DA" box="[1091,1250,1941,1964]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notosaurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FB98F838FB0449DA" box="[1091,1250,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. notosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ventral scales), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FF17F814FEDB49A6" box="[204,317,1977,2000]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FF17F814FEDB49A6" box="[204,317,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FE92F815FE4E49A6" bold="true" box="[329,424,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D30A427FE92F815FE4E49A6" box="[329,424,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SVL/HL, SVL/FL, AG/SF) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D30A427FCCBF815FC9F49A6" box="[784,889,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 a – b" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[208,1317,205,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1380,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4 a – b. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): a) axilla-groin (AG) / snout-forelimb (SF), b) snout-vent length (SVL) / head width (HW). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95 % confidence level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205466/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FC18F814FB6049A6" box="[963,1158,1977,2000]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC18F814FB6049A6" box="[963,1158,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have four supraoculars whereas most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FEE1F870FE214982" box="[314,455,2012,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FEE1F870FE214982" box="[314,455,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only three supraoculars.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D30A427FCFFF871FC144982" box="[804,1010,2012,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FCFFF871FC144982" box="[804,1010,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oligosoma repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D30A427FC21F871FBB34982" bold="true" box="[1018,1109,2012,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D30A427FC21F871FBB34982" box="[1018,1109,2012,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a more elongate appearance than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FECBFF35FE474EC6" box="[272,417,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FECBFF35FE474EC6" box="[272,417,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL/SVL of 1.1 and 1.28, respectively). The number of subdigital lamellae (18–23) is greater than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FE9BFF10FE214EA2" box="[320,455,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tekakahu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FE9BFF10FE214EA2" box="[320,455,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. tekakahu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16). The head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FD43FF10FCC24EA2" box="[664,804,188,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FD43FF10FCC24EA2" box="[664,804,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is noticeably blunter and deeper than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FB14FF10FADA4EA2" box="[1231,1340,189,212]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FB14FF10FADA4EA2" box="[1231,1340,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FA99FF11FA7A4EA2" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,188,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D31A426FA99FF11FA7A4EA2" box="[1346,1436,188,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FF1DFF4DFEFF4E8E" box="[198,281,224,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toka" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1DFF4DFEFF4E8E" box="[198,281,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. toka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FEFBFF4DFE9F4E8E" bold="true" box="[288,377,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2429C6E8D31A426FEFBFF4DFE9F4E8E" box="[288,377,224,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D31A426FE53FF72FE134E81" box="[392,501,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 a – b" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[208,1317,205,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1380,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4 a – b. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma inconspicuum species group (O. inconspicuum sensu stricto, O. toka sp. nov., O. repens sp. nov., O. notosaurus, O. burganae sp. nov.): a) axilla-groin (AG) / snout-forelimb (SF), b) snout-vent length (SVL) / head width (HW). Oligosoma tekakahu sp. nov. was not included in the analysis as only one specimen was available. If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95 % confidence level." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205466/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D31A426FDDBFF72FDC94E81" box="[512,559,223,247]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7. a" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8. a" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9. a" captionStartId-0="20.[151,250,1968,1991]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,250,1956,1979]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1331,207,1941]" captionTargetBox-1="[449,1136,195,1924]" captionTargetBox-2="[329,1246,207,1907]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[233,1348,193,1950]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[434,1154,171,1935]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[313,1274,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. a) Holotype of O. burganae (RE 002390 / 1), Rock and Pillar Range. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. burganae holotype (RE 002390 / 1). c) Live specimen of O. burganae (photo: J. Reardon)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. a) Holotype of O. toka (RE 007278), Schoolhouse Flat, Nevis Valley. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. toka holotype (RE 007278). c) Live specimens of O. toka from the type locality." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. a) Holotype of O. repens (RE 007279), Mt Nicholas Road, Eyre Mountains. b) Lateral view of the head of the O. repens holotype (RE 007279). c) Live specimens of O. repens from the type locality." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/205472/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/205473/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/205474/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D31A426FF1EFEAEFBCE495E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A426FF1EFEAEFE344D41" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EFEAEFE044F6A" bold="true" box="[197,482,259,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FEAFFEA9FE3B4F6A" box="[372,477,260,284]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs moderately well-developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Nostril centred just below middle of nasal, pointing up and back, not touching bottom edge of nasal. Supranasals absent. Rostral broader than deep. Frontonasal broader than long, not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Frontal longer than broad, shorter than frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars. Supraoculars 3, the second is the largest. Frontoparietals distinct, larger than interparietal. A pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair each of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, third supraocular and 2 postoculars. Loreals 2, anterior one the larger; anterior loreal in contact with first supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with second supralabial, first subocular, upper and lower preocular, prefrontal and anterior loreal. Supralabials 7, the sixth is the largest. Infralabials 6, several of them equal in size; fifth supralabial below centre of eye. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Suboculars 3 and 4 separated by fifth supralabial. Postmental larger than mental. Chinshields 3 pairs. One primary temporal. Dorsal scales similar in size to ventral scales, weakly striate. Ventral scales smooth. Subdigital lamellae smooth. Ear opening round, small with no projecting granules. Forelimbs shorter than hindlimbs. Adpressed limbs not meeting in adult. Digits moderately long, sub-cylindrical. Third front digit shorter than the fourth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A426FF1EFCE9FDC34DB1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EFCE9FAC24D2A" bold="true" box="[197,1316,835,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FE33FCE9FDA94D2A" box="[488,591,836,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FC05FCE9FBF44D2A" box="[990,1042,836,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 58.9 (mean 55.0, range 46.8–67.1), HL 8.0 (mean 7.3, range 6.6–9.0), HW 5.4 (mean 5.4, range 4.8–6.3), AG 34.3 (mean 31.8, range 25.2–42.0), SF 20.3 (mean 20.0, range 16.8–23.2), SE 10.0 (mean 8.8, 7.2–10.6), EF 10.3 (mean 10.9, range 8.3–12.9), and TL 56.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A426FF1EFC7EFCE24B46" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EFC7EFB964D9A" bold="true" box="[197,1136,979,1004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FE9FFC7EFE4A4D9A" box="[324,428,979,1004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FCF4FC79FC844D9A" box="[815,866,980,1004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 7 (mean 6, range 5–8); lower ciliaries 10 (mean 9, range 7–10); nuchals 3 pairs (mean 2 pairs, range 0–3 pairs); midbody scale rows 32 (mean 31, range 30–34); ventral scale rows 76 (mean 75, range 70–82); subdigital lamellae 20 (mean 20, range 18–23); supraciliaries 5 (mean 6, range 4–6); suboculars 7 (mean 6, range 6–7). Frontonasal never separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Anterior loreal in contact with first or second supralabial. Supralabials 7 (usual) or 8, the sixth or seventh are the largest. Infralabials 6 (usual) or 7. Third front digit as long as (usual) or shorter than the fourth. Maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D31A426FD0EFB01FCDC4AB2" box="[725,826,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.62" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="66.2">66.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(shrinkage about 5% based on original records). One specimen had an intact tail (TL/SVL = 1.00). Ratios for morphological measurements (± SD): AG/SF 1.60 ± 0.17; SE/EF 0.82 ± 0.09; HL/HW 1.37 ± 0.07. The maximum SVL observed was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D31A426FBC3FB59FB8D4B7A" box="[1048,1131,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
for males and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D31A426FAC4FB59FA974B7A" box="[1311,1393,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
for females. Intact TL/SVL = 1.1 (N=18) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D31A426FD91FAB5FD1E4B46" author="Patterson" box="[586,760,1304,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1985) The ecology and taxonomy of the common skink Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni in tussock grasslands in Otago. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand" type="book" year="1985">Patterson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A426FF1EFA96FBCE495E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EFA96FEBB4B22" bold="true" box="[197,349,1339,1364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface moderate olive to dark olive brown, occasionally black, with irregular flecks. A median dorsal dark grayish brown longitudinal stripe, 2 half-scale rows wide, well or partially developed, commencing behind the head and passing back to the base of the tail. A light brown dorsal band 2 half-scale rows wide with light flecks. Another broken dark brown band, 1 half- to 2 half-scale rows wide, shading on to a pale dorsolateral band 1 half- to 2 half-scale rows wide. A pale dorsolateral band, extending from posterior margin of eye to first one-third of tail. This stripe bordered laterally by a dark brown band usually with notched edges above and below. A broad dark reddish brown lateral band 1.5 to 2.5 scale rows wide, originating at tip of snout, passing through the eye and ending near tip of tail, bordered laterally by a very dark brown broken band and with pale scales extending into it from above and below; sometimes flecked with white. Below this an indistinct pale stripe passes from beneath the anterior border of the eye through the ear, above the limbs to the tail. This stripe is irregularly defined below by brown scales which merge gradually with the yellowish grey ventral colouration. Ventral surface usually speckled with black spots on chin and throat. Outer surface of forelimbs is dark brown with black and white specks. Juvenile colouration similar to adult, but generally lighter. Ear opening round, small, with no projecting granules on anterior margin. There do not appear to be sexually dimorphic colour patterns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31FAE8C8D31A420FF1EF899FCEF4AF7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A426FF1EF899FEED4906" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EF899FEAA493A" bold="true" box="[197,332,1844,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Refers to the Burgan Stream area, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D31A426FCDAF898FCD7493B" box="[769,817,1845,1869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for the species. The common name is the Burgan skink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D31A420FF1EF8D6FBE34FF1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,1154]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FF1EF8D6FE0349E2" bold="true" box="[197,485,1915,1940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Habitat and life history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D31A426FE35F8D1FD3D49E2" box="[494,731,1916,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D31A426FE35F8D1FD3D49E2" box="[494,731,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Oligosoma burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be confined to the Rock and Pillar Ranges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133EE1828D31A426FA8AF8D1FF4349CE" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1879,1902]" captionTargetBox="[227,1357,193,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[208,1377,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. Representative habitats of the members of the Oligosoma inconspicuum species complex. a) O. inconspicuum, Macraes Flat, Otago. b) O. inconspicuum (mahogany form), Sinbad Valley, Fiordland. c) O. tekakahu sp. nov., Chalky Island, Fiordland. d) O. burganae sp. nov., Rock and Pillars Range, central Otago. e) O. toka sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Nevis Valley, central Otago. f) O. repens sp. nov. and O. inconspicuum, Eyre Mountains, central Otago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205470/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
d) and Lammermoor Ranges (CENTRAL OTAGO: 67.07 Rock and Pillar and LAMMERLAW: 68.02 Waipori;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D31A426FF4CF868FEDB49AA" author="McEwen" box="[151,317,1988,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="McEwen W. M. (1987) Ecological Regions and Districts of New Zealand. New Zealand Biological Resources Centre, Department of Conservation, Wellington." type="book" year="1987">McEwen 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of central Otago, and only occurs above
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D31A426FCCDF869FCBB49AA" box="[790,861,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
(i.e. a subalpine species). The Rock and Pillar ED consists of sub-continental schist block mountains rising steeply from an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FB98FF3AFB344ED9" box="[1091,1234,151,175]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="925.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–1450 m</quantity>
|
||
, with annual rainfall from
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FEDAFF11FE434EA2" box="[257,421,188,212]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1100.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1700 mm</quantity>
|
||
and snow to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FDE7FF11FD744EA2" box="[572,658,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
during winter. This area is classified as Environment Q3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FAFFFF11FEF54E81" author="Leathwick" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Leathwick, J. R., Morgan, F., Wilson, G., Rutledge, D., McLeod, M. & Johnston, K. (2003) Land Environments of New Zealand - A Technical Guide. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, 237 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Leathwick
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FF4CFF4CFF294E8E" box="[151,207,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The predominant vegetation of the area is montane short and tall
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FC25FF4DFB694E8E" box="[1022,1167,224,248]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chionochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FC25FF4DFB694E8E" box="[1022,1167,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chionochloa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tussockland, with some scrub, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FEB1FEA8FE3B4F6A" box="[362,477,261,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FEB1FEA8FE3B4F6A" box="[362,477,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Coprosma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FDCEFEA9FD8A4F6A" box="[533,620,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Olearia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FDCEFEA9FD8A4F6A" box="[533,620,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Olearia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. The Waipori ED consists of peaty uplands of the Lammermoor and Lammerlaw Plataeu (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FE0EFE8AFDC54F49" box="[469,547,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
asl), which experience cool, dry or moist subcontintental conditions (annual rainfall
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FF35FEE1FE734F12" box="[238,405,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="850.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1200 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with snow down to
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FD58FEE1FD254F12" box="[643,707,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
|
||
during winter. Predominant vegetation is similar to the Rock and Pillar Ranges, but with pastoral development for sheep and cattle up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03368E8D37A420FC6CFEC2FBE34FF1" box="[951,1029,367,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FC6CFEC2FBE74FF1" box="[951,1025,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7AAD8F8D36A421FF4CF81DFC524993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/205472/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[240,1331,207,1941]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D36A421FF4CF81DFC524993" blockId="20.[151,1436,1968,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FF4CF81DFEC849B1" bold="true" box="[151,302,1968,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 7. a)</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D36A421FE68F81FFDD449B1" box="[435,562,1969,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FE68F81FFDD449B1" box="[435,562,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RE002390/1), Rock and Pillar Range.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FC1EF81DFC3A49B1" bold="true" box="[965,988,1968,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">b)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of the head of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D36A421FAC6F81FFA7A49B1" box="[1309,1436,1969,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FAC6F81FFA7A49B1" box="[1309,1436,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (RE002390/1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FE48F862FE414990" bold="true" box="[403,423,1999,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">c)</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D36A421FDB8F87DFD044993" box="[611,738,1999,2021]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D36A421FDB8F87DFD044993" box="[611,738,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photo: J. Reardon).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D37A420FF1CFE39FA694DDF" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1154]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The biology, ecology and life-history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FD40FE38FCCF4FDA" box="[667,809,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FD40FE38FCCF4FDA" box="[667,809,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been documented previously in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FB39FE38FA714FDA" author="Patterson" box="[1250,1431,404,428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1985) The ecology and taxonomy of the common skink Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni in tussock grasslands in Otago. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand" type="book" year="1985">Patterson (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FF4CFE1AFF354FB9" author="Patterson" box="[151,211,439,463]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1992) The ecology of a New Zealand grassland lizard guild. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 22, 91 - 106." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species becomes sexually mature at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FD1EFE1AFCF14FB9" box="[709,791,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, and has a maximum litter size of six. Parturition occurs in late January or early February. Some sperm was present in the epididymis from October to March, with a large increase of sperm in January. The average home range size for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FC54FDAEFBFA4C6D" box="[911,1052,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FC54FDAEFBFA4C6D" box="[911,1052,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FB88FDAFFB464C6C" box="[1107,1184,514,538]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="13.4">13.4 m</quantity>
|
||
2. Specific site defence was noted on several occasions, usually towards other skink species. The preferred microhabitat appeared to be herbs and shrubs rather than rocks and grasses. This microhabitat preference appeared to be the main reason why this species was able to coexist with other similarly-sized skink species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FC1AFDDDFB814CF1" box="[961,1127,623,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FC1AFDDDFB814CF1" box="[961,1127,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FB46FDDDFACA4CF1" box="[1181,1324,624,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FB46FDDDFACA4CF1" box="[1181,1324,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) throughout its range. Like most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FE68FD3EFDC84CDD" box="[435,558,659,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FE68FD3EFDC84CDD" box="[435,558,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FDE5FD3EFD2B4CDD" box="[574,717,659,683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FDE5FD3EFD2B4CDD" box="[574,717,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a diurnal heliotherm. Its diet consists of a range of invertebrates, particularly spiders, and berries from several shrub species such as snowberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FBA9FD1AFAB14CB9" box="[1138,1367,695,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FBA9FD1AFAB14CB9" box="[1138,1367,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gaultheria depressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The climate throughout the species’ range is harsh, where snow may occur at any time of the year. Abdominal fat bodies were noted in many specimens, which increased in size during the summer months, and probably aided the skinks in hibernation during winter. Tails, likewise, were relatively emaciated after the skinks emerged from hibernation in the spring, and became plumper over summer as the skinks increased their fat reserves. A population census from
|
||
<date id="FFBBDBC78D37A420FED8FCC0FD974DF3" box="[259,625,877,902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1983-01-24" valueMax="1983-02-20" valueMin="1983-01-24">24 January to 20 February 1983</date>
|
||
gave a mean density of one animal per
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FB9BFCC0FB9D4DF3" box="[1088,1147,877,901]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="4CFD50E28D37A420FBA0FCC7FB474DF3" box="[1147,1185,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BE43A58D37A420FB0EFCC3FAE34DF0" box="[1237,1285,878,902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. The survival of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FECDFC3FFE454DDF" box="[278,419,913,937]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FECDFC3FFE454DDF" box="[278,419,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O. burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after a controlled burn-off of an area of tussock grassland was noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FB15FC3FFA6D4DDF" author="Patterson" box="[1230,1419,913,937]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1984) The effect of burning-off tussock grassland on the population density of common skinks. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1984">Patterson (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBAFD078D37A420FF1EFC18FCEF4AF7" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1154]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FF1EFC18FE5E4DB8" bold="true" box="[197,440,949,974]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0586848D37A420FE64FC1BFD4D4DB8" box="[447,683,950,974]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FE64FC1BFD4D4DB8" box="[447,683,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Oligosoma burganae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently considered At Risk: Declining (B, large population and low to moderate ongoing or predicted decline; with qualifiers Data Poor, and Range Restricted) in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F312BD978D37A420FADDFC77FA7A4D87" box="[1286,1436,985,1009]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Department of Conservation’s national threat classification lists (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FCA8FC50FB634A63" author="Hitchmough" box="[883,1157,1021,1046]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D., Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37, 203 - 224." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B97121158D37A420FBD3FC52FBA74A60" box="[1032,1089,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent assessment of the Burgan skink population (this study) suggests that there has been a serious population decline in the species since 1985 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9480F68D37A420FEC4FBE8FE2B4A2B" author="Patterson" box="[287,461,1093,1117]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1985) The ecology and taxonomy of the common skink Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni in tussock grasslands in Otago. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand" type="book" year="1985">Patterson 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, research is needed to identify the current population status and trend, establish the species’ known range, and identify potential threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |