279 lines
31 KiB
XML
279 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="AAE65FE23E6D60DED468FB2B6C5F8C66" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214977" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494379731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sh, Hossein Rajaei, Stüning, Dieter & Trusch, Robert" docDate="2012" docId="03A487B4573FFF8272A7A232F13FDDA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gnopharmia irakensis Wehrli" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FF9DFFCC572CFF977230A44DF034D952" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698310700469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BA3ADC5EF30E5D47F5CDF41542B57C6E">Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2200F9BB23A6410C8D11E98661398FD6">Sh, Hossein Rajaei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A2E14FCCA203DB5D6B285136D7BCA7C1">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB2C0605ECA394BE1C1D67A789ABEB19">Trusch, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EFE34918DEED1E2885A259921AD03BBB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="7B506CE420D88DE400DFF5F4EC43D983">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DCB8C1BB9F7ECC8FABB5CFDE7C4611FB">3360</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A487B4573FFF8272A7A232F13FDDA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6177444" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6177444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487B4573FFF8272A7A232F13FDDA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487B4573FFF8272A7A232F13FDDA7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472A7A232F1A7DFE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472A7A232F236DFCB" blockId="19.[151,514,1663,1722]" box="[151,514,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0FA81CE573FFF8472A7A232F236DFCB" bold="true" box="[151,514,1663,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF8472A7A232F236DFCB" ID-CoL="3GNDK" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[151,514,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472A7A232F236DFCB" bold="true" box="[151,514,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472A7A232F192DFCB" bold="true" box="[151,422,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gnopharmia irakensis</emphasis>
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Wehrli
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472A7A2EFF1A7DFE8" blockId="19.[151,514,1663,1722]" box="[151,403,1698,1722]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A27573FFF8472AFA2EFF0C7DFE8" box="[159,243,1698,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 14. G" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[170,1406,223,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 14. G. cocandaria. 10: female from Kuldja, cited and figured by Wehrli (1953) in Seitz 4 (suppl.); 11: G. maculifera maculifera, lectotype, male from Samarkand [Uzbekistan]; 12: G. maculifera afghanistana, holotype, male; 13: G. erema, lectotype; 14: G. irakensis, syntype, male. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214982/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 14</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="13362A27573FFF847327A2EFF102DFE8" box="[279,310,1698,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 39 – 40" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1886,1909]" captionTargetBox="[185,1413,227,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 39 – 40. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 39: G. irakensis, syntype, gen. prep: 7217, by Wehrli, SEM prep. 6 / 2009 H. R.; 40: G. sarobiana, holotype, gen. prep: 91, G. Ebert. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d. sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214989/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">39</figureCitation>
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; Map 3)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472A7A2A7F4C7DE6C" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472A7A2A7F1C4DE4D" blockId="19.[151,1435,1770,1854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C573FFF8472A7A2A7F1C4DE4D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF8472A7A2A7F270DE52" ID-CoL="3GNDK" authority="Wehrli, 1938: 433" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="433" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,580,1770,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472A7A2A7F148DE52" box="[151,380,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gnopharmia irakensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573FFF8473B5A2A7F270DE52" author="Wehrli" box="[389,580,1770,1792]" page="433" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573FFF8473B5A2A7F23BDE52" author="Wehrli" box="[389,527,1770,1792]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Wehrli, E. (1938) Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit in Nr. 31 d. J. Seite 354 [Neue Gattungen, Untergattungen, Arten und Rassen von Geometriden (Lep.).]. Entomologische Rundschau, 55 (37), 433 - 434." type="journal article" year="1938">Wehrli, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 433
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF847061A2A6F29ADE52" box="[593,686,1771,1792]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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1 3, 2 Ƥ, BMNH (photo of male examined).
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8476A8A2A6F4FEDE52" box="[1176,1226,1771,1792]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Rowanduz [Rawanduz], Kurdistan,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573FFF8473F0A347F1D8DE4D" box="[448,492,1802,1823]" name="Iraq" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472A7A365F4C7DE6C" blockId="19.[151,1435,1770,1854]" box="[151,1267,1832,1854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C573FFF8472A7A365F4C7DE6C" box="[151,1267,1832,1854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF8472A7A365F275DE6C" ID-CoL="3GNDK" authority="Wehrli, 1953: 566" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityPageNumber="566" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,577,1832,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472A7A365F14DDE6C" box="[151,377,1832,1854]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gnopharmia irakensis</emphasis>
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: Wehrli, 1953: 566
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 47e;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573FFF8470ADA365F30FDE6F" author="Ebert" box="[669,827,1832,1854]" page="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573FFF8470ADA365F323DE6C" author="Ebert" box="[669,791,1832,1854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs 2 & 3;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573FFF8471C3A364F4DBDE6C" author="Parsons" box="[1011,1263,1832,1854]" page="406" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1999">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573FFF8471C3A364F488DE6F" author="Parsons" box="[1011,1212,1832,1854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, H. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, R. B. (1999) The catalogue. in: Scoble, M. J., ed. Geometrid Moths of the world: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 1046 pp." type="book" year="1999">Parsons et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 406
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3176529573FFF8472A7A326F131DEBC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573FFF8472A7A326F131DEBC" blockId="19.[151,1436,1898,2030]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF8472A7A326F1F5DED1" bold="true" box="[151,449,1898,1923]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8472A7A326F0E6DED1" box="[151,210,1899,1923]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
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material examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573FFF8473F9A327F211DED0" box="[457,549,1898,1922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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3, ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573FFF847066A327F2BEDED0" box="[598,650,1898,1922]" name="Iraq" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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, Kurdistan, Rowanduz [prov. Arbil],
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<date id="FFB31062573FFF847602A327F494DED0" box="[1074,1184,1898,1922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1935-07-15">15.VII.35</date>
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, [leg.] E. P. Wiltshire, Wiltshire Coll. B.M. 1979-433’, ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573FFF847027A3C3F35FDEF4" authority="Wehrli" authorityName="Wehrli" box="[535,875,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573FFF847027A3C3F320DEF4" box="[535,788,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gnopharmia irakensis</emphasis>
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Wehrli
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</taxonomicName>
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, 3 Holo Type’ [red label, partly hand-written by Wehrli]; ‘7217 3’ [Wehrli genitalia preparation no.], in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573FFF847112A3FEF34EDE98" box="[802,890,1971,1994]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
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. Additional material studied: 137 3, 42 Ƥ, see appendix.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31765295738FF8372F7A4DAF33FDBF5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A25738FF8372F7A4DAF33FDBF5" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8372F7A4DAF16CD9E2" bold="true" box="[199,344,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</emphasis>
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Wings and body (
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<figureCitation id="13362A275738FF837077A4DAF2AAD9FD" box="[583,670,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 14. G" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[170,1406,223,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 14. G. cocandaria. 10: female from Kuldja, cited and figured by Wehrli (1953) in Seitz 4 (suppl.); 11: G. maculifera maculifera, lectotype, male from Samarkand [Uzbekistan]; 12: G. maculifera afghanistana, holotype, male; 13: G. erema, lectotype; 14: G. irakensis, syntype, male. a, upperside; b, under side; c, original label. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214982/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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||
). Frons moderately extended, rounded, distally without a separate central process. Genae with a weak antero-ventral process. Free apical flagellomeres in male antennae 18. Forelegs without tibial spine (fig. 2-b). Wingspan 3 21.5–
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||
<quantity id="4CF59B475738FF83708AA492F33FD9A5" box="[698,779,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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||
. Ground colour of wings light yellowish brown; transverse lines indicated by a few rather indistinct dark brown spots, those on costa rather large, postmedial row consisting of more numerous but small spots which are often connected by a reddish-brown line. Broad, dark grey submarginal bands present, bordered distally by a light, dentate line; marginal area sometimes light as ground colour, but often also suffused dark grey (then the yellowish apical patch clearly visible). Discal dots blackish brown. Hindwings with colour and pattern elements similar, submarginal band broad, with almost straight internal border. Under side with basal two thirds almost white, slightly suffused with a few greyish-brown scales, discal dots blackish-brown, clearly marked. Submarginal bands very distinct, blackish-brown, a white apical patch present in forewings. Male genitalia and pre-genital abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A275738FF83700BA5B2F2A1DB45" box="[571,661,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 39 – 40" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1886,1909]" captionTargetBox="[185,1413,227,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 39 – 40. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites. 39: G. irakensis, syntype, gen. prep: 7217, by Wehrli, SEM prep. 6 / 2009 H. R.; 40: G. sarobiana, holotype, gen. prep: 91, G. Ebert. a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scale); d. sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214989/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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||
). Dorsal arm of valva narrow, sacculus wide, squarish, with two projections, the distal one strongly reduced and pointed (much shorter than the proximal one). Aedeagus very long and narrow, ventral fin absent; proximal subapical spines stout, 5–6 (may be also less or more) spines of variable size arranged in a cluster, arising latero-ventrally from aedeagus shaft. Distal subapical spines and cornuti absent. Octavals are long and narrow, with a small, rounded tip.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31765295738FF8372F7A6FEF0DBDCF3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25738FF8372F7A6FEF53DDA95" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8372F7A6FEF175DB9E" bold="true" box="[199,321,691,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Clearly distinguishable from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF83713CA6F9F3AFDB9E" box="[780,923,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF83713CA6F9F3AFDB9E" box="[780,923,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by a number of external characters: frons in both sexes rather rounded than conically extended, male antennae with 18 unpectinated apical segments (12 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B475738FF8372D8A6B1F110DA46" box="[232,292,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF837341A6B1F234DA46" box="[369,512,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF837341A6B1F234DA46" box="[369,512,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species), tibial spines absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF83714BA6B1F3D4DA46" box="[891,992,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF83714BA6B1F3D4DA46" box="[891,992,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(present in all other species). In male genitalia, the absence of the ventral fin of the aedeagus is distinctive (present in all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF837682A76DF575DA6A" box="[1202,1345,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF837682A76DF575DA6A" box="[1202,1345,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other characters of the male genitalia distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF8370AFA708F317DA0E" box="[671,803,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8370AFA708F317DA0E" box="[671,803,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: long and narrow dorsal arm of valva, strongly extended and almost quadrate sacculus with tooth-like projections of distinctly different size. Octavals are longer and narrower than in the other species (see fig. 39-d). Also the barcoding results (see fig. 54) have proved that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF837707A7C1F5A8DAF6" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF837707A7C1F5A8DAF6" box="[1335,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species widely separated from all other taxa, with more than 5% genetic distance to each of them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25738FF8372F7A79EF41EDDBA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8372F7A79EF1BADABE" bold="true" box="[199,398,979,1004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535738FF8373A7A799F247DABE" author="Wehrli" box="[407,627,980,1004]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Wehrli, E. (1938) Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit in Nr. 31 d. J. Seite 354 [Neue Gattungen, Untergattungen, Arten und Rassen von Geometriden (Lep.).]. Entomologische Rundschau, 55 (37), 433 - 434." type="journal article" year="1938">Wehrli (1938: 433)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based his description on one male and two females from ‘Rowanduz, Irak’ which he called ‘types’ [„
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF837032A7B5F264DD42" box="[514,592,1016,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Typen</typeStatus>
|
||
“] (but without designating a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF837196A7B5F438DD42" box="[934,1036,1016,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), and two additional females from ‘Rayat’ which he obviously did not include in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF8370D1A050F325DD67" box="[737,785,1053,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Later Wehrli (1953: 566) also recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF837707A051F5A8DD66" box="[1335,1436,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF837707A051F5A8DD66" box="[1335,1436,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different Iranian regions and figured (l.c., pl. 47e) a male from ‘Alvand’ (West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF837669A00DF4BFDD0A" box="[1113,1163,1088,1112]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
). We received photos of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF83733EA028F151DD2F" box="[270,357,1125,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(upperside, under side, labels, see fig. 14)—which Wehrli had labelled subsequently as ‘holotype’—from BMNH. The genitalia slide (Wehrli no. 7217) examined and figured here (fig. 39) was found among the other genitalia preparations of the Wehrli collection in coll. ZFMK. It has been returned to BMNH just recently. To our opinion, there is no need to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF837139A09DF344DDBA" box="[777,880,1232,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF8371AFA09DF416DDBA" box="[927,1058,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8371AFA09DF416DDBA" box="[927,1058,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25738FF8372F7A0BBF0DBDCF3" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8372F7A0BBF1DEDC5D" bold="true" box="[199,490,1270,1295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Flight period—according to the ample material studied here—from 2nd of May until 9th of September, the majority of specimens are dated from June and July. The species seems to be bivoltine. All specimens were attracted to light at night. Preimaginal stages are unknown. Host plant probably is a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF8372A7A128F194DC2F" box="[151,416,1381,1405]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="20" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amygdalus (Rosaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as observed for other species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF83713BA12BF3A5DC2C" box="[779,913,1382,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF83713BA12BF3A5DC2C" box="[779,913,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G. irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF83773DA12BF5A8DC2C" box="[1293,1436,1382,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF83773DA12BF5A8DC2C" box="[1293,1436,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31765295738FF8272F7A1E0F13FDDA7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25738FF8372F7A1E0F1D8DF07" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF8372F7A1E0F16DDC94" bold="true" box="[199,345,1453,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(Map 3).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005738FF8373F7A1E3F1CBDC94" box="[455,511,1454,1478]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of this species is Rawanduz in Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF83763FA1E3F40BDC97" box="[1039,1087,1454,1477]" name="Iraq" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF837657A1E3F4A0DC97" box="[1127,1172,1454,1477]" name="Iran" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
this species is recorded from the Zagros Mts. (except its southern parts), western parts of the Alborz Mts. and from Kopet-Dagh in the north of Khorasan.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535738FF837341A1B8F234DF5F" author="Ebert" box="[369,512,1525,1549]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Ebert, G. (1965) Afghanische Geometriden (Lep.) I. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. 142, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1965">Ebert (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published records of this species from East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF8371C0A1B8F449DF5F" box="[1008,1149,1525,1549]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Here we report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215738FF837707A1BBF5A8DF5C" box="[1335,1436,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05738FF837707A1BBF5A8DF5C" box="[1335,1436,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the East and South of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF8373F8A254F22CDF63" box="[456,536,1561,1585]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325738FF8370E2A254F305DF63" box="[722,817,1561,1585]" name="Pakistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kashmir) for the first time. Records are from altitudes between 400 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF59B475738FF83736CA270F185DF07" box="[348,433,1597,1621]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25739FF8272A7A0CEF3BCDDCB" blockId="21.[151,1436,1155,1269]" box="[151,904,1155,1177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF8272A7A0CEF0DEDDCA" bold="true" box="[151,234,1155,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MAP 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215739FF8273D3A0C9F26DDDCB" box="[483,601,1155,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF8273D3A0C9F26DDDCB" box="[483,601,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. irakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF827056A0C9F2E1DDCB" box="[614,725,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. r u b r a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF82713AA0C9F3BCDDCB" box="[778,904,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. s a ro b i a n a</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236A25739FF8272A7A0EEF13FDDA7" blockId="21.[151,1436,1155,1269]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
1. Rawanduz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325739FF827301A0EEF16EDDEA" box="[305,346,1187,1208]" name="Iraq" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005739FF82735CA0EEF1ADDDEA" box="[364,409,1187,1208]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF82702BA0EEF2A0DDEA" box="[539,660,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. i r a k e n s i s</emphasis>
|
||
); 2. Marasch, E.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325739FF82716AA0EFF396DDEA" box="[858,930,1186,1208]" name="Turkey" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005739FF827184A0EEF430DDEA" box="[948,1028,1187,1208]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF8276B6A0EEF532DDEA" box="[1158,1286,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215739FF8276B6A0EEF4CBDDEA" box="[1158,1279,1186,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">G. rubraria</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 3. Jerusalem (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005739FF8272ADA08CF0C8DD85" box="[157,252,1217,1239]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF82735EA08FF1E9DD85" box="[366,477,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. r u b r a r i a</emphasis>
|
||
); 4. Köprüköy, Kizilirmak, N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325739FF827127A08CF357DD85" box="[791,867,1217,1239]" name="Turkey" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
; 5. Mardin; 6. Sarobi, E.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325739FF82766EA08CF4EEDD85" box="[1118,1242,1217,1239]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B688005739FF8276D7A08CF520DD84" box="[1255,1300,1217,1238]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215739FF8277B6A08FF0C9DDA7" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarobiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAB05739FF8277B6A08FF0C9DDA7" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. sarobiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |