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<mods:title id="86F81AE609B309F97295EF7AE180408D">Phylogenetic structure of Holbrookia lacerata (Cope 1880) (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae): one species or two?</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A3C76EFFFDFFA7AC926E8F14A8FF17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625491" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159418532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625491" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A3C76EFFFDFFA7AC926E8F14A8FF17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3C76EFFFDFFA7AC926E8F14A8FF17" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AC926E8F1261FAF4" authority="Cope 1880" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,534,1278,1305]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacerata">
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<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AC926E8F11FCFAF5" bold="true" box="[151,395,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Holbrookia lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0B89FFFDFFA6AD976E8F1261FAF4" author="Cope, E. D." box="[402,534,1278,1304]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref7725" refString="Cope, E. D. (1880) On the zoological position of Texas. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 17, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.17" type="journal article" year="1880">Cope 1880</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BB57678FFFDFFA6AC926F531264FAD0" blockId="8.[151,534,1278,1376]" box="[151,531,1314,1340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Plateau Spot-tailed Earless Lizard</paragraph>
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(
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AC926FFB121DFA4E" authority="Stejneger 1890" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,618,1418,1443]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="lacerata">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AC926FFB11BDFA4E" box="[151,458,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Holbrookia maculata lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0B89FFFDFFA6ADD46FFB121DFA4E" author="Stejneger, L." box="[465,618,1418,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref9714" refString="Stejneger, L. (1890) Part V. - Annotated list of reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey on the San Francisco Mountain Plateau and desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna, 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.3996 / nafa. 3.0006" type="book chapter" year="1890">Stejneger 1890</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AC926FD81249FA2D" authority="lacerata Axtell 1956" authorityName="lacerata Axtell" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,574,1448,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lacerata" subSpecies="lacerata">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AC926FD811B7FA2D" box="[151,448,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Holbrookia lacerata lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0B89FFFDFFA6ADC36FD91249FA2D" author="Axtell, R. A." box="[454,574,1448,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" pagination="163 - 179" refId="ref7480" refString="Axtell, R. A. (1956) A solution to the long neglected Holbrookia lacerata problem and the destription of two new subspecies of Holbrookia. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Science, 10 (11), 163 - 179." type="journal article" year="1956">Axtell 1956</bibRefCitation>
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.
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U. S. National Museum (
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A); collected by
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radius circle around
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<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6ACC26C491139F9BE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1592,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AD5D6C4611AFF9BD" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1851" box="[344,472,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AD5D6C4611AFF9BD" box="[344,472,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Holbrookia</emphasis>
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is derived from the last name of the American zoologist John Edwards Holbrook.
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AC926C2D108BF999" box="[151,252,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Lacerata</emphasis>
is derived from the latin word
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AE646C2A12B2F999" box="[609,709,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">lacerare,</emphasis>
which means to cut, destroy, or mangle.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B0B89FFFDFFA6A89E6C2A155EF999" author="Cope, E. D." box="[1179,1321,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref7725" refString="Cope, E. D. (1880) On the zoological position of Texas. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 17, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.17" type="journal article" year="1880">Cope (1880)</bibRefCitation>
described the posterior border of the transverse brown bars on the dorsum as serrate or digitate. This feature likely brought about the name
<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AD4C6CD211D1F951" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1880" box="[329,422,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AD4C6CD211D1F951" box="[329,422,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31025F3FFFDFFA6ACC26CB7136AF8C5" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB57678FFFDFFA6ACC26CB7136AF8C5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1519,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6ACC26CB7112EF90D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1734,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A0DFBFFFDFFA6AD6F6CB61227F90D" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1880" box="[362,592,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Phrynosomatidae" genus="Holbrookia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AD6F6CB61227F90D" box="[362,592,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Holbrookia lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes all populations north of the Balcones Escarpment in
<collectingRegion id="49CEB89AFFFDFFA6A91F6CB91528F90E" box="[1306,1375,1736,1762]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Texas</collectingRegion>
. This distribution extends north to the
<collectingRegion id="49CEB89AFFFDFFA6AE0C6C9A1206F8E9" box="[521,625,1771,1797]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Colorado</collectingRegion>
River, east to the eastern edge of the Balcones Escarpment and west to the Pecos River and southern edge of the Llano Estacado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31025F3FFFDFFA7ACC26D4314A8FF17" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB57678FFFDFFA7ACC26D4314A8FF17" blockId="8.[151,1437,1519,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6ACC26D43114DF8A1" bold="true" box="[199,314,1842,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Morphological description based on measurements and counts from
<specimenCount id="9D0CBDF1FFFDFFA6A8466D4214CEF8A1" box="[1091,1209,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="adult">112 adults</specimenCount>
. This is a small, earless lizard with an average of 4 (0
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AE096D29126DF89D" box="[524,538,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147"></emphasis>
10) black spots on the underside of the tail. The average snout-vent length (SVL) is
<quantity id="4CF2DB9DFFFDFFA6ACB46D0B1177F87A" box="[177,256,1914,1942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
(32
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6AD296D0D114DF879" box="[300,314,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147"></emphasis>
63), paravertebral and dorsolateral body blotches are often fused. An average of 2 (0
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6A8EF6D0D148FF879" box="[1258,1272,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147"></emphasis>
6) blotches are fused out of an average of 6 (4
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFDFFA6ADE26DD11182F855" box="[487,501,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147"></emphasis>
9) blotches. The blotches form two rows of transverse bands with the dorsal edges of the bands usually narrowing and extending anteriorly. The dark blotches on the hind legs usually form distinct bands with the average number of leg bands and blotches being 7 (4
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFCFFA7AF466AEB1326FF5F" box="[835,849,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="148"></emphasis>
11). Some individuals have black lateral spots on the abdomen and these average 0.4 (0
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFCFFA7AE136ACF1253FF3B" box="[534,548,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="148"></emphasis>
4). The average number of femoral pores on the left leg is 13 (10
<emphasis id="B97EAA6AFFFCFFA7A8F86ACF157CFF3B" box="[1277,1291,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="148"></emphasis>
17). Females and some males develop a red-orange pattern on their throat and neck during the breeding season.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>