837 lines
96 KiB
XML
837 lines
96 KiB
XML
<document id="3694BD765AAEA9AAEF0E4E7407A4DB91" ID-CLB-Dataset="45455" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215268" ID-GBIF-Dataset="faaebecf-4cd9-4f87-88c4-402339b99d3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215268" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460438416795" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jockusch, Elizabeth L., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Hansen, Robert W. & Wake, David B." docDate="2012" docId="039E171AF375A374A7A7304F6AA3F8FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03190p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3190" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Batrachoseps altasierrae Jockusch, Martínez-Solano, Hansen & Wake, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFA76F62F379A37BA73032116849FF95" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698332548899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="44F69D5821EA2AC23B02E4FEB5587B91">Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96D2FBE204B217D968A9A8C0F6EF7036">Jockusch, Elizabeth L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4125DF633D9EE7E80D39ABB6FD337617">Martínez-Solano, Iñigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1DEFE7F3A8F8DE0DE5628058DA23359">Hansen, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D19BAA604498CF473A773ECC78F5127">Wake, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C9250101B0219B3120B6992DCB76BDC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DBFC3EE809DFD0B2D950FBB4FC3473F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7CCA848639FD0868EB353456656CA2FA">
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<mods:date id="5D958115F85C28D5BA181ADF91ABDE8D">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="65D3076A7356EC0D72E2E11795C043CB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C08F6FC5E9183E2FE76E1CA453B87CB2">3190</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E77060F34648C9EF93A080C8B00853CA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.215268</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E171AF375A374A7A7304F6AA3F8FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685143" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685143" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E171AF375A374A7A7304F6AA3F8FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E171AF375A374A7A7304F6AA3F8FA" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C32DF587F375A377A7A7304F6963FD28" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A7304F6A11FDED" blockId="12.[151,931,606,701]" box="[151,600,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0C01160F375A377A7A7304F6A11FDED" bold="true" box="[151,600,606,632]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A7304F6A11FDED" bold="true" box="[151,600,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A7304F6988FDED" ID-CoL="KZQ7" box="[151,449,606,632]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A7304F6988FDED" bold="true" box="[151,449,606,632]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps altasierrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C765F375A377A6F8304F6A11FDED" box="[456,600,606,632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A730906963FD28" blockId="12.[151,931,606,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
Suggested common name: Greenhorn Mountains Slender Salamander
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F375A377A7A730B468BDFD28" box="[151,244,677,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. B" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1832]" captionTargetBox="[262,1308,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[262,1332,193,1786]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. B. altasierrae and B. relictus. A. Holotype of B. altasierrae. B. B. altasierrae from the type locality in life (no voucher). C. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult female B. altasierrae (MVZ 156394, SL = 39.9 mm) from Sugarloaf Peak, Tulare Co., California. D. Adult B. relictus from Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California in life (no voucher). E. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult (SL = 45.3 mm) female B. relictus from Breckenridge Mountain (MVZ 267114). F. Type locality of B. altasierrae. G. High elevation site on Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California at which specimens referred here to B. relictus were discovered. Nearly all individuals at this locality have been found within the seep shown in the foreground. Habitat photos taken on 28 May 2011. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215275/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DF587F375A377A7A730FC6B6DFCE8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A730FC6A8DFCD5" blockId="12.[151,804,749,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB278122F375A377A7A730FC6A8DFCD5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A730FC69D9FC96" ID-CoL="5WG5X" box="[151,400,749,771]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A730FC69D9FC96" box="[151,400,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps attenuatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF375A377A6E530FC6AB4FC97" author="Grinnell" box="[469,765,749,771]" page="137" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A6E530FC6A9AFC97" author="Grinnell" box="[469,723,749,771]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Grinnell, J. & Camp, C. L. (1917) A distributional list of the amphibians and reptiles of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 17, 127 - 208." type="journal article" year="1917">Grinnell and Camp 1917</bibRefCitation>
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||
:137
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</treatmentCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A7311D6A48FCB7" ID-CoL="5WG5X" box="[151,513,780,802]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="attenuatus" subSpecies="attenuatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A7311D6A48FCB7" box="[151,513,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF375A377A575311C6AADFCB4" author="Dunn" box="[581,740,779,802]" page="232" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A575311C6AFEFCB4" author="Dunn" box="[581,695,779,802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1926) The Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae. Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, 456 pp." type="book" year="1926">Dunn 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:232
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A7313B693BFCD5" ID-CoL="KZQV" box="[151,370,810,832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A7313B693BFCD5" box="[151,370,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF375A377A687313A6A8DFCD5" author="Brame" box="[439,708,810,832]" page="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A687313A6AFCFCD5" author="Brame" box="[439,693,810,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Brame, A. H. Jr. & Murray, K. F. (1968) Three new slender salamanders (Batrachoseps) with a discussion of relationships and speciation within the genus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1968">Brame and Murray 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A731586AF7FCCA" blockId="12.[151,804,749,894]" box="[151,702,841,864]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB278122F375A377A7A731586AF7FCCA" box="[151,702,841,864]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A73158699DFCCA" ID-CoL="KZQV" box="[151,468,841,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pacificus" subSpecies="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A73158699DFCCA" box="[151,468,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps pacificus relictus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF375A377A529315B6AF7FCCA" author="Yanev" box="[537,702,841,863]" page="535" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A529315B6ADAFCCA" author="Yanev" box="[537,659,841,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Yanev, K. P. (1980) Biogeography and distribution of three parapatric salamander species in coastal and borderland California. In: Power, D. M. (Ed.), The California Islands: Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 531 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1980">Yanev 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:535
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A731796B6DFCE8" blockId="12.[151,804,749,894]" box="[151,804,872,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB278122F375A377A7A731796B6DFCE8" box="[151,804,872,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A7A73179693BFCEB" ID-CoL="KZQV" box="[151,370,872,894]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A73179693BFCEB" box="[151,370,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF375A377A68731796B6DFCE8" author="Jockusch" box="[439,804,872,894]" page="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A68731796B4EFCE8" author="Jockusch" box="[439,775,872,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Jockusch,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A51031796A10FCEB" box="[544,601,872,894]" name="Wake Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
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and Yanev 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:13
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DF587F375A377A7A731B46CE8F860" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7A731B468B8FB93" blockId="12.[151,1437,933,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7A731B46942FC28" bold="true" box="[151,267,933,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="548C18AEF375A377A7A731B4694FFC28" box="[151,262,933,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A5A531B46A9FFC28" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[661,726,933,957]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
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) 59909, an adult male from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A31C31B46C3EFC28" box="[1068,1143,933,957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mi" value="1.5">1.5 mi</quantity>
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[
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A3B931B46CA8FC28" box="[1161,1249,933,957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="2.4">2.4 km</quantity>
|
||
] SE Alta Sierra [Greenhorn Mountains], Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A59931D86AA8FC74" box="[681,737,969,993]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A5C231D86B2BFC74" box="[754,866,969,993]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.732">35.732°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A45F31D86BBBFC74" box="[879,1010,969,993]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.538">118.538°W</geoCoordinate>
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||
), collected on
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A3A931D86D78FC74" box="[1177,1329,969,993]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1952-06-26">26 June 1952</date>
|
||
by Keith Murray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7F736036AE8FADC" blockId="12.[151,1437,933,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7F73603690FFBBF" bold="true" box="[199,326,1042,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF375A377A7F736036908FBBF" box="[199,321,1042,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A67E360369C5FBBC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[334,396,1042,1065]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A6A5360069A0FBBC" box="[405,489,1041,1065]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="53-09-19">190953</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A51336036A28FBBC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[547,609,1042,1065]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A55B36006A8BFBBC" box="[619,706,1041,1065]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="55-09-19">190955</date>
|
||
, both from Hwy. 155,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A4F736006C6DFBBC" box="[967,1060,1041,1065]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="0.85">0.85 km</quantity>
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||
N (by road) Greenhorn Summit, Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A6BD3624698CFBD8" box="[397,453,1077,1101]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A6E536246A0CFBD8" box="[469,581,1077,1101]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.744">35.744°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A56136246A9DFBD8" box="[593,724,1077,1101]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.557">118.557°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A46536246BA2FBD8" box="[853,1003,1077,1102]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-05-28">28 May 1984</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A3C436276D7BFBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1268,1330,1078,1101]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A20A36246DC4FBD8" box="[1338,1421,1077,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="61-09-19">190961</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A7A7364868A2FBE4" box="[151,235,1113,1137]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="63-09-19">190963</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A611364B6916FBE4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[289,351,1114,1137]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A656364869F2FBE4" box="[358,443,1113,1137]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="65-09-19">190965</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A6FA36486A56FBE4" box="[458,543,1113,1137]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="67-09-19">190967</date>
|
||
, all from Hwy. 155, 1 km ESE (by road) Greenhorn Summit, Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A7F7366C68B6FB00" box="[199,255,1149,1173]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A63D366C6937FB00" box="[269,382,1149,1173]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.735">35.735°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A6B9366C6A45FB00" box="[393,524,1149,1173]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.554">118.554°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A5BB366C6B69FB00" box="[651,800,1149,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-06-24">24 June 1984</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen and D. C.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A3BD366C6CA2FB00" box="[1165,1259,1149,1173]" name="Netherlands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A3C5366F6D7AFB00" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1269,1331,1150,1173]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A20A366C6DC4FB00" box="[1338,1421,1149,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="76-09-19">190976</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A7A736B068A2FB2C" box="[151,235,1185,1209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="79-09-19">190979</date>
|
||
from Tiger Flat Rd. (=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A6DC36B06A54FB2C" box="[492,541,1185,1209]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Rd. 23S16),
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A46736B06BECFB2C" box="[855,933,1185,1209]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="0.7">0.7 km</quantity>
|
||
N (by road) junction Hwy. 155 at Greenhorn Summit, Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A6C336D46A62FB48" box="[499,555,1221,1245]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A50A36D46AE2FB48" box="[570,683,1221,1245]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.744">35.744°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A58736D46B73FB48" box="[695,826,1221,1245]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.554">118.554°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A48B36D46C18FB48" box="[955,1105,1221,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-06-24">24 June 1984</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen and D. C.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A78A36F86951FA94" box="[186,280,1257,1281]" name="Netherlands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A61536FB692AFA94" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[293,355,1258,1281]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A65D36F86989FA94" box="[365,448,1257,1281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="83-09-19">190983</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A6FF36F86A6AFA94" box="[463,547,1257,1281]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="85-09-19">190985</date>
|
||
from Tiger Flat Rd. (=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A40336F86B2AFA94" box="[819,867,1257,1281]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Rd. 23S16),
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A39C36F86D42FA94" box="[1196,1291,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="0.85">0.85 km</quantity>
|
||
N (by road) junction Hwy. 155 at Greenhorn Summit, Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A445371C6BE4FAB0" box="[885,941,1293,1317]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A48F371C6C66FAB0" box="[959,1071,1293,1317]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.745">35.745°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A30D371C6C88FAB0" box="[1085,1217,1293,1317]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.553">118.553°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A274371C6886FADC" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-06-24">24 June 1984</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen and D. C.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A50F37206AD4FADC" box="[575,669,1329,1353]" name="Netherlands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holland</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7F737446CE8F860" blockId="12.[151,1437,933,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7F7374469F7FAFB" bold="true" box="[199,446,1365,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF375A377A6F937476A7FFAFB" box="[457,566,1366,1390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A55537446C16FAF8" authority="Los Angeles County" authorityName="Los Angeles County" box="[613,1119,1365,1389]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A55537446B15FAF8" box="[613,860,1365,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps relictus</emphasis>
|
||
: Los Angeles County
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Museum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A3D037446D7DFAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1248,1332,1365,1389]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
) 33082– 33090 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A622376B6919FA04" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[274,336,1402,1425]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
184906–184908 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A56037686ADEFA04" box="[592,663,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mi" value="1.2">1.2 mi</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A59537686AB1FA04" box="[677,760,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="1.9">1.9 km</quantity>
|
||
] S White River Camp Grounds, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A25437686DD5FA04" box="[1380,1436,1401,1425]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A7AE378C694DFA20" box="[158,260,1437,1461]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.84">35.840N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A620378C69DAFA20" box="[272,403,1437,1461]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.649">118.649°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A523378C6AF6FA20" box="[531,703,1437,1461]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1957-03-31">31 March 1957</date>
|
||
by A. H. Brame, Jr. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A480378C6BB9FA20" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[944,1008,1437,1461]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
184906–8 are described as “3 cleared & stained specimens in D. B.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A6C237D06A78FA4C" box="[498,561,1473,1497]" name="Wake Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
collection” by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF375A377A5D337D36C54FA4C" author="Brame" box="[739,1053,1473,1498]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Brame, A. H. Jr. & Murray, K. F. (1968) Three new slender salamanders (Batrachoseps) with a discussion of relationships and speciation within the genus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1968">Brame and Murray (1968))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A31B37D06C35FA4C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1067,1148,1473,1497]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
33091–33093 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A25737D06DD2FA4C" box="[1383,1435,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mi</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A7AE37F468BBFA68" box="[158,242,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
|
||
] above O’Quinn Meadow, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A41937F46B28FA68" box="[809,865,1509,1533]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A44037F46BA8FA68" box="[880,993,1509,1533]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.863">35.863°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A4DC37F46C39FA68" box="[1004,1136,1509,1533]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.628">118.628°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A3C037F46DD5FA68" box="[1264,1436,1509,1533]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1957-03-31">31 March 1957</date>
|
||
by L. Hughes and A. H. Brame, Jr.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A51934186A33F9B4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[553,634,1545,1569]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
33080–33081 from White River Camp Grounds (Lower Camp), Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A660343C69C1F9D0" box="[336,392,1581,1605]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A6A9343C6A43F9D0" box="[409,522,1581,1605]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.845">35.845°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A528343C6AD2F9D0" box="[536,667,1581,1605]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.636">118.636°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A42F343C6B87F9D0" box="[799,974,1581,1605]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1957-03-31">31 March 1957</date>
|
||
by A. H. Brame, Jr. Additional referred specimens:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A62D34436912F9FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[285,347,1618,1641]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
156360–156365 from Quaking Aspen Meadows along Hwy. 190, South Fork of Middle Fork Tule River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A51034646A11F918" box="[544,600,1653,1677]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A55734646A9FF918" box="[615,726,1653,1677]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="36.118">36.118°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A5D234646B2FF918" box="[738,870,1653,1677]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.544">118.544°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A44A34676BF1F918" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[890,952,1654,1677]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
156366–156392 from the upper reaches of Spear Creek along
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A65F348869E8F924" box="[367,417,1689,1713]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Rd. 24S06,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A5E934886B61F924" box="[729,808,1689,1713]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="6.9">6.9 km</quantity>
|
||
SE junction of 23S05 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A36B34886CE3F924" box="[1115,1194,1689,1713]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="3.2">3.2 km</quantity>
|
||
NE Portuguese Pass, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A6AB34AC699AF940" box="[411,467,1725,1749]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A6D334AC6A1DF940" box="[483,596,1725,1749]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.821">35.821°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A56F34AC6AADF940" box="[607,740,1725,1749]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.583">118.583°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A5C734AF6B7CF940" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[759,821,1726,1749]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
156393–156399 from White River drainage, at Sugarloaf Peak,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A63C34F06977F96C" box="[268,318,1761,1785]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Rd. 23S05,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A55E34F06AF2F96C" box="[622,699,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="0.6">0.6 km</quantity>
|
||
N junction
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A40E34F06B39F96C" box="[830,880,1761,1785]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service Rd. 24S06, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A7A735146886F888" box="[151,207,1797,1821]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A7D13514691BF888" box="[225,338,1797,1821]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.843">35.843°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A66F351469AAF888" box="[351,483,1797,1821]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.614">118.614°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), all collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A5BE35146B6DF888" box="[654,804,1797,1821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1975-07-29">29 July 1975</date>
|
||
by Kay P. Yanev and Samuel S. Sweet;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A23035176D77F888" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1280,1342,1798,1821]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
224835 from road to Sugarloaf Village, 1.0 km SE Sugarloaf Village, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A37A35386CCBF8D4" box="[1098,1154,1833,1857]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A3A035386D48F8D4" box="[1168,1281,1833,1857]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.82">35.820°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A23C35386DD9F8D4" box="[1292,1424,1833,1857]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.641">118.641°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A634355C69F8F8F0" box="[260,433,1869,1893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1994-03-26">26 March 1994</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch, David B.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A465355C6BDDF8F0" box="[853,916,1869,1893]" name="Wake Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
and others;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A311355F6C16F8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1057,1119,1870,1893]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
158244 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A3C4355F6D7BF8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1268,1330,1870,1893]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
158226– 158228 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A60C356069D9F81C" box="[316,400,1905,1929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="9.5">9.5 km</quantity>
|
||
E Cherry Hill Road on Sherman Pass Road, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A3E935606D58F81C" box="[1241,1297,1905,1929]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A21735606DD1F81C" box="[1319,1432,1905,1929]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.983">35.983°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A7A735846952F838" box="[151,283,1941,1965]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.381">118.381°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A69035846A7EF838" box="[416,567,1941,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1980-07-11">11 July 1980</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A54435846B44F838" box="[628,781,1941,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1979-07-28">28 July 1979</date>
|
||
, respectively, by Robert W. Hansen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F375A377A38F35876CB4F838" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1215,1277,1942,1965]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
224810 from Hwy. 155, 9.0 km NW Lake Isabella and ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F375A377A58335A86B4CF844" box="[691,773,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="2.2">2.2 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Alta Sierra, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A3EC35A86D5DF844" box="[1244,1300,1977,2001]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A21735A86DDEF844" box="[1319,1431,1977,2001]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.724">35.724°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF375A377A7A735CC6953F860" box="[151,282,2013,2037]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-118.527">118.527°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF375A377A6A935CC6A0CF860" box="[409,581,2013,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1994-03-27">27 March 1994</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch, David B.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF375A377A4EF35CC6C57F860" box="[991,1054,2013,2037]" name="Wake Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
and others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F374A376A7F732866D69FDCA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF374A376A7F732866D69FDCA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A7F732866908FF25" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A small, relatively slender species (SL of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D316D85F374A376A41E32866B34FF3A" box="[814,893,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males 38.0 mm ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A35432866CF6FF3A" box="[1124,1215,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D316D85F374A376A3DC32866D75FF3A" box="[1260,1340,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A7A732AD68B2FF41" box="[151,251,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.01" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="40.1">40.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A61432AD6935FF41" box="[292,380,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A42F32AD6BF1FF41" box="[799,952,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A42F32AD6BF1FF41" box="[799,952,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southern Sierra Nevada and vicinity as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A66532F0698EFF6D" box="[341,455,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A66532F0698EFF6D" box="[341,455,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a relatively longer trunk, a relatively narrower head, shorter limbs, and smaller feet, and by females having many fewer maxillary teeth; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A42C33146BD8FE89" box="[796,913,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A42C33146BD8FE89" box="[796,913,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller adult body size with a relatively narrower head and chest and fewer trunk vertebrae (mode 18–19 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A4F233366C6CFEAA" box="[962,1061,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A31C33386CE9FED5" box="[1068,1184,297,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A31C33386CE9FED5" box="[1068,1184,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A3C633386D2FFED5" box="[1270,1382,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A3C633386D2FFED5" box="[1270,1382,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a relatively shorter and narrower head, longer trunk, shorter limbs, narrower feet and longer tail, and smaller number of maxillary and vomerine teeth; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A56733606AADFE1D" box="[599,740,369,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A56733606AADFE1D" box="[599,740,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its more robust morphology including a relatively longer and broader head, shorter trunk, longer limbs, and larger hands and feet; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A32333846CDFFE39" box="[1043,1174,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stebbinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A32333846CDFFE39" box="[1043,1174,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. stebbinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its less robust morphology and much smaller size; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A57633A86AE3FE45" box="[582,682,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A57633A86AE3FE45" box="[582,682,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. campi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A5D433A86B2AFE45" box="[740,867,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A5D433A86B2AFE45" box="[740,867,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its less robust morphology, much smaller size, different color pattern and unpaired premaxillary bone. Distinguished from its close relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A38D33CC6D68FE61" box="[1213,1313,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A38D33CC6D68FE61" box="[1213,1313,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having fewer maxillary teeth; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A6E330106BE6FD82" authority="Jockusch" authorityName="Jockusch" authorityYear="1998" box="[467,943,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A6E330106A7EFD8D" box="[467,567,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. regius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF374A376A50E33EE6BE6FD82" author="Jockusch" box="[574,943,511,535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Jockusch,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF374A376A58333EE6ABBFD82" box="[691,754,511,535]" name="Wake Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Yanev 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a relatively longer trunk and tail, shorter head, shorter limbs, smaller feet and fewer maxillary teeth; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A32430346955FDCA" authority="Jockusch" authorityName="Jockusch" authorityYear="1998" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diabolicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A32430346CE3FDA9" box="[1044,1194,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B. diabolicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF374A376A38430356955FDCA" author="Jockusch" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Jockusch,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF374A376A21B30356D23FDA9" box="[1323,1386,548,572]" name="Wake Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Yanev 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having fewer trunk vertebrae, a relatively narrower head, shorter limbs and smaller feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F374A374A7F7307A69AEFBA1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF374A376A7F7307A6A8EFA99" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A7F7307A6910FD11" bold="true" box="[199,345,619,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF374A376A653307D6AC9FD11" box="[355,640,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A653307D6AC9FD11" box="[355,640,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Batrachoseps altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small (adults less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A4FA307D6C55FD11" box="[970,1052,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
standard length), slender species with a relatively narrow head and short limbs. The facial region is relatively narrow, and the eyes are not generally protuberant enough to be seen in ventral view. Mental hedonic glands are not visible under the chins of males. Grooving patterns of the head, throat, and neck are typical of the genus. Standard length ranges from 8.4–9.5 (mean = 9.0) times head width in males and 8.2–9.9 (mean = 9.3) times head width in females. There are relatively few teeth, especially on the maxilla: 4–5 (mean = 4.8) premaxillary teeth in males, 4–12 (mean = 6.4) in females; 9–27 (mean = 17.4) maxillary teeth in males, 18–28 (mean = 21.9) in females; 6–13 (mean = 10.9) vomerine teeth in males, 9–16 (mean = 11.8) in females. Vomerine teeth are arranged somewhat patchily. Small maxillary teeth are borne in a long row extending about two thirds of the way through the eye in males and to the posterior end of the eye in females. In females, premaxillary teeth are the same size as maxillary teeth; in males, the premaxillary teeth are enlarged. Males and females both have 18–19 trunk vertebrae and 17–18 costal grooves between the limb insertions. The tail is long and fairly cylindrical, tapering at the tip. The tail is 1.3–1.5 (mean = 1.4) times SL in males and 1.1–1.6 (mean = 1.3) times in females in specimens lacking evidence of tail regeneration. There is no basal tail constriction. The postiliac gland is present. The limbs are relatively short in length, and limb interval ranges from 7–9.5 (mean = 8.3) in males and 7.5–9.5 (mean = 8.5) in females. SL ranges from 6.2–7.5 (mean = 6.8) times hind limb length in males and 6.3–7.8 (mean = 7.1) times in females. The hands and feet are relatively narrow; foot width ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A65B36BD69BBFB51" box="[363,498,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A57636BD6AD4FB51" box="[582,669,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in males and 1.4–2.0 mm (mean
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A32A36BD6C3BFB51" box="[1050,1138,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in females. The digits are short, well formed and discrete with expanded tips that bear subterminal pads. Webbing is insignificant. Fingers and toes in order of decreasing length are 3-2-4-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF374A376A7F737096D3DF9B9" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A7F737096ABEFAA5" bold="true" box="[199,759,1303,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF374A376A6F937096A79FAA5" box="[457,560,1304,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in millimeters).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum head width 4.9; snout to gular fold (head length) 7.4; head depth at posterior angle of jaw 2.7; eyelid length 2.2; eyelid width 1.2; anterior rim of orbit to snout 1.4; horizontal orbital diameter 1.8; interorbital distance 1.9; snout to forelimb 9.3; distance separating external nares 1.6; snout projection beyond mandible 0.5; snout to posterior angle of vent (SL) 42.5; snout to anterior angle of vent 36.9; axilla to groin length 25.6; tail tip broken after 33.5; tail width at base 3.3; tail depth at base 2.7; forelimb length 6.3; hind limb length 6.8; limb interval 9; width of right hand 1.2; width of right foot 1.6; foot length 2.1; length of third toe 0.9; body width behind forelimbs 2.9. There are 4 premaxillary, 27 maxillary, and 13 vomerine teeth; vomerine teeth are arranged somewhat patchily. There are 17 costal grooves between the limb insertions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF374A376A7F734266BEFF902" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A7F734266AD0F9C5" bold="true" box="[199,665,1591,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF374A376A6AC34296A4AF9C5" box="[412,515,1592,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in alcohol).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The ground color is dark blackish brown dorsally and laterally (and in the limbs), and fades to lighter brown ventrally. A prominent dorsal stripe ranging in color from dark brown to reddish brown is present and is well demarcated on its lateral borders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF374A376A7F734B26B2BF8FA" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF374A376A7F734B269BEF929" bold="true" box="[199,503,1699,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is restricted to higher elevations in the southern Sierra Nevada. The elevational range is from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A68B34D66A04F94A" box="[443,589,1735,1759]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1670.0" valueMax="2440.0" valueMin="900.0">900–2440 m</quantity>
|
||
. Populations extend from the higher elevations on the northern side of the Lower Kern River Canyon to the Tule River drainage and upper elevations of the Little Kern River drainage in Kern and Tulare counties, California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF374A376A50E351E6A3FF8B2" box="[574,630,1807,1831]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F374A376A5B5351E6A8EF8B2" box="[645,711,1807,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,347,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,337,1142]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of California, USA, showing the ranges of Batrachoseps nigriventris group species and other species of Batrachoseps from the vicinity of the Kern River Canyon. The range of B. relictus in the Lower Kern River Canyon is contained within the range of B. simatus. Individual dots indicate isolated populations of B. altasierrae sp. nov. from the Kern Plateau (blue) and of B. robustus from the Scodie Mountains (green). B. Point localities for Batrachoseps from the Kern River Canyon and vicinity. Localities include all identified specimens from the collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, as well as additional specimens from the California Academy of Sciences and, for B. relictus, from the Los Angeles County (California) Museum. Lighter shading indicates higher elevation; blue indicates major streams or rivers. Type localities are indicated by open symbols for all species except B. gregarius (whose type locality is outside of the region shown). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215269/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two populations, separated by just over
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F374A376A393351E6C97F8B2" box="[1187,1246,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
, are known from the western margin of the Kern Plateau, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF374A376A46A35256BDFF8D9" box="[858,918,1844,1868]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Most populations are found in coniferous forest containing a mixture of pine, fir and incense cedar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F374A376A43035466B0AF8FA" box="[768,835,1879,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. B" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1809,1832]" captionTargetBox="[262,1308,193,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[262,1332,193,1786]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. B. altasierrae and B. relictus. A. Holotype of B. altasierrae. B. B. altasierrae from the type locality in life (no voucher). C. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult female B. altasierrae (MVZ 156394, SL = 39.9 mm) from Sugarloaf Peak, Tulare Co., California. D. Adult B. relictus from Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California in life (no voucher). E. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult (SL = 45.3 mm) female B. relictus from Breckenridge Mountain (MVZ 267114). F. Type locality of B. altasierrae. G. High elevation site on Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California at which specimens referred here to B. relictus were discovered. Nearly all individuals at this locality have been found within the seep shown in the foreground. Habitat photos taken on 28 May 2011. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215275/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48F684F377A375A7A735006D1AF864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215275/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[262,1308,193,1785]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF377A375A7A735006D1AF864" blockId="14.[151,1437,1809,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A7A73500695DF8B2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1809,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A62C350269E3F8B2" box="[284,426,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A62C350269E3F8B2" box="[284,426,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A6EF35026A01F8B2" box="[479,584,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A6EF35026A01F8B2" box="[479,584,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A5CB35026BC1F8B2" box="[763,904,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A5CB35026BC1F8B2" box="[763,904,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A48635026C0AF8B2" box="[950,1091,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A48635026C0AF8B2" box="[950,1091,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality in life (no voucher). C. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A45635256BB8F8DC" box="[870,1009,1843,1865]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A45635256BB8F8DC" box="[870,1009,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MVZ 156394, SL = 39.9 mm) from Sugarloaf Peak, Tulare Co., California. D. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A56D35446A8DF8FF" box="[605,708,1876,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A56D35446A8DF8FF" box="[605,708,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California in life (no voucher). E. Digital x-ray of the skull and forelimbs of an adult (SL = 45.3 mm) female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A48B35676C6AF81E" box="[955,1059,1909,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A48B35676C6AF81E" box="[955,1059,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Breckenridge Mountain (MVZ 267114). F. Type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A68F35896A05F838" box="[447,588,1943,1965]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A68F35896A05F838" box="[447,588,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. G. High elevation site on Breckenridge Mountain, Kern Co., California at which specimens referred here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF377A375A69D35A86A5FF85B" box="[429,534,1976,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF377A375A69D35A86A5FF85B" box="[429,534,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were discovered. Nearly all individuals at this locality have been found within the seep shown in the foreground. Habitat photos taken on 28 May 2011. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F732886B52FD59" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A7F732886928FF25" box="[199,353,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7F732886928FF25" box="[199,353,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found in sympatry with any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A4DB32896CCAFF25" box="[1003,1155,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A4DB32896CCAFF25" box="[1003,1155,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It closely approaches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A2B43288694AFF41" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A2B43288694AFF41" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at lower elevations on the western edge of its range.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A46C32AC6BA1FF41" box="[860,1000,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A46C32AC6BA1FF41" box="[860,1000,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found within
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A39232AD6C92FF41" box="[1186,1243,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A23132AC6DD5FF41" box="[1281,1436,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A23132AC6DD5FF41" box="[1281,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the Middle and North Forks of the Tule River, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A41E32F06B8EFF6D" box="[814,967,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A41E32F06B8EFF6D" box="[814,967,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs as low as
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D316D85F376A374A3BA32CE6C9EFF62" box="[1162,1239,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A3BA32CE6C9AFF62" box="[1162,1235,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
In the Greenhorn Mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A62D331469E0FE89" box="[285,425,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A62D331469E0FE89" box="[285,425,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from as high as
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A5E633156B62FE89" box="[726,811,260,284]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</quantity>
|
||
(MVZ 266680–266683;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A37833156CFEFE89" box="[1096,1207,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="35.745">35.745°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A3F333156D0DFE89" box="[1219,1348,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-118.598">118.598°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A2B43314695BFED5" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A2B43314695BFED5" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from as low as
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A6E133366A60FEAA" box="[465,553,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460 m</quantity>
|
||
(California Academy of Sciences (CAS) 224163, identified by morphology;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A7A7335D694FFEF1" box="[151,262,332,356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="36.176">36.176°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A622335D69DAFEF1" box="[274,403,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-118.692">118.692°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the vicinity of Cedar Creek; these populations are separated by less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A3C3335D6D0FFEF1" box="[1267,1350,332,356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
|
||
. On the eastern edge of its range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A68233606A05FE1D" box="[434,588,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A68233606A05FE1D" box="[434,588,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely approaches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A41C33606BD3FE1D" box="[812,922,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A41C33606BD3FE1D" box="[812,922,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the two species appear to be separated by elevation, although the highest-elevation samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A5D233846B06FE39" box="[738,847,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A5D233846B06FE39" box="[738,847,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A31233856C20FE39" box="[1058,1129,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
below the lowest-elevation samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A62533A869E6FE45" box="[277,431,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A62533A869E6FE45" box="[277,431,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Greenhorn Mountains. The ranges of these species are separated by less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A26633A66DD5FE5A" box="[1366,1436,439,463]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
between Alta Sierra and Wofford Heights. They may also approach each other along the Upper Kern River Canyon.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A7A730106978FD8D" box="[151,305,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7A730106978FD8D" box="[151,305,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Sugarloaf Peak, Tulare Co., California occurs less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A4F933EE6C59FD82" box="[969,1040,511,535]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
away from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A3A730106D4CFD8D" box="[1175,1285,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A3A730106D4CFD8D" box="[1175,1285,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A6DD30346ACEFDA9" box="[493,647,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A6DD30346ACEFDA9" box="[493,647,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from Peppermint Creek, Tulare Co., California; this locality is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A7C83056697BFDCA" box="[248,306,583,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
from the Kern River. The nearest known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A43F30586B37FDF5" box="[783,894,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A43F30586B37FDF5" box="[783,894,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A4D830566C79FDCA" box="[1000,1072,583,607]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
south; however, the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A2B4305868AEFD11" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A2B4305868AEFD11" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely extends north from there along the Kern River. On the Kern Plateau, east of the Kern River,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A205307C689DFD3D" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A205307C689DFD3D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A6BC309E6992FD32" box="[396,475,655,679]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="1.6">1.6 km</quantity>
|
||
from the nearest population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A40D30806BF4FD3D" box="[829,957,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A40D30806BF4FD3D" box="[829,957,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat typical of both species (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A20F309E6DC9FD32" box="[1343,1408,655,679]" name="Wake Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A2B8308068FDFD59" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002) and less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A6AA30A569A8FD59" box="[410,481,692,716]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
from the nearest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A59530A46B5AFD59" box="[677,787,692,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A59530A46B5AFD59" box="[677,787,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F730C969AEFBA1" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
At higher elevations to the north of the Tule River drainage,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A44730C86C5BFD65" box="[887,1042,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A44730C86C5BFD65" box="[887,1042,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A2B430C86893FC81" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A2B430C86893FC81" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To date, all robust specimens (that is, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A58A30EC6B0FFC81" box="[698,838,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A58A30EC6B0FFC81" box="[698,838,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from the South Fork of the Kaweah River identified with molecular data belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A6C331306A1FFCAD" box="[499,598,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A6C331306A1FFCAD" box="[499,598,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas robust specimens from the Tule River drainage carry mitochondrial DNA from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A662315469A4FCC9" box="[338,493,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A662315469A4FCC9" box="[338,493,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The northernmost specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A46931546BBAFCC9" box="[857,1011,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A46931546BBAFCC9" box="[857,1011,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from Mountain Home State Forest, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A6AC3176699DFCEA" box="[412,468,871,895]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CAS 214814;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A5B631766ABCFCEA" box="[646,757,871,895]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="36.269">36.269°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A43131766BCDFCEA" box="[769,900,871,895]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-118.668">118.668°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), which is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F376A374A4CE31766C0FFCEA" box="[1022,1094,871,895]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
southeast of the southernmost
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A7A7319C68B3FC31" box="[151,250,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7A7319C68B3FC31" box="[151,250,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from entrance to Soldiers Cave near South Fork entrance Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A7A731BE6886FC52" box="[151,207,943,967]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MVZ 237285;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A6BA31BE69B0FC52" box="[394,505,943,967]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="36.345">36.345°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A53631BE6AD1FC52" box="[518,664,943,967]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5" value="-118.7568">118.7568°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). Very few specimens are available from the higher elevations separating these drainages. Molecular sequence data show that some populations along the North Fork of the Middle Fork of the Tule River have genes from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A5BE31E86B61FB85" box="[654,808,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A5BE31E86B61FB85" box="[654,808,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A46D31E86BF6FB85" box="[861,959,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A46D31E86BF6FB85" box="[861,959,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the contact zone appears to be narrow (Jockusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A63E360C690FFBA1" box="[270,326,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
unpublished).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F376A374A7F736516D63FBE9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F736516D63FBE9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7F736516907FBCD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1088,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the mountain hamlet of Alta Sierra, located at the summit of the Greenhorn Mountains, an area where this species is particularly common. The species name is formed as a noun in the genitive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F376A374A7F736966AA3F8FA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F73696699BFB72" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7F736966906FB35" bold="true" box="[199,335,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A66936966A10FB0A" box="[345,601,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article">
|
||
Jockusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A6FA36986A4CFB35" box="[458,517,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included a rediagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A4BF36986C4CFB35" box="[911,1029,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A4BF36986C4CFB35" box="[911,1029,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on specimens from both the Lower Kern River Canyon and the Greenhorn Mountains. We use their series from the Greenhorn Mountains as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF376A374A7A736C1694BFB7D" box="[151,258,1232,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A60136C06982FB7D" box="[305,459,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A60136C06982FB7D" box="[305,459,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F736E56B4FF9B9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
All molecular data identified in previous publications as coming from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A4EA36E46CFEFA99" box="[986,1207,1268,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pacificus" subSpecies="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A4EA36E46CFEFA99" box="[986,1207,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. pacificus relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A3F636E56D19FA99" author="Yanev" box="[1222,1360,1268,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Yanev, K. P. (1978) Evolutionary Studies of the Plethodontid Salamander Genus Batrachoseps. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 242 pp." type="book" year="1978">Yanev 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A26B36E56DDDFA99" author="Yanev" box="[1371,1428,1268,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Yanev, K. P. (1980) Biogeography and distribution of three parapatric salamander species in coastal and borderland California. In: Power, D. M. (Ed.), The California Islands: Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 531 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A78537086961FAA5" box="[181,296,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A78537086961FAA5" box="[181,296,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A607370669ABFABA" author="Jockusch" box="[311,482,1303,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L. (1996) Evolutionary Studies in Batrachoseps and other Plethodontid Salamanders: Correlated Character Evolution, Molecular Phylogenetics, and Evolution of Reaction Norms. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 220 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jockusch 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A6DE37066A9EFABA" author="Jockusch" box="[494,727,1303,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Jockusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A56C37086ADDFAA5" box="[604,660,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A5D237066BA7FABA" author="Jockusch" box="[738,1006,1303,1327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L. & Wake, D. B. (2002) Falling apart and merging: the diversification of slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the American West. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76, 361 - 391." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Jockusch &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A45E37066BE4FABA" box="[878,941,1303,1327]" name="Wake Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A35437086CB6FAA5" box="[1124,1279,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A35437086CB6FAA5" box="[1124,1279,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or from more northern members of its species group. Thus, the molecular diagnoses provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A309372D6D79FAC1" box="[1081,1328,1340,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L., Wake, D. B. & Yanev, K. P. (1998) New species of Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Sierra Nevada, California. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science, 472, 1 - 17." type="journal article">
|
||
Jockusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A397372C6C96FAC1" box="[1191,1247,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A7EB37706904FAED" box="[219,333,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7EB37706904FAED" box="[219,333,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other species all in fact apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A43037706BD2FAED" box="[768,923,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A43037706BD2FAED" box="[768,923,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A30F37706CF8FAED" box="[1087,1201,1376,1400]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A30F37706CF8FAED" box="[1087,1201,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Molecular differentiation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A6073794699BFA09" box="[311,466,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A6073794699BFA09" box="[311,466,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A56437946AA4FA09" author="Yanev" box="[596,749,1412,1436]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Yanev, K. P. (1978) Evolutionary Studies of the Plethodontid Salamander Genus Batrachoseps. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 242 pp." type="book" year="1978">Yanev (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included six populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A30237946C87FA09" box="[1074,1230,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A30237946C87FA09" box="[1074,1230,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ranging from the vicinity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF376A374A60A37B96923FA55" box="[314,362,1448,1472]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the Greenhorn Mountains to Quaking Aspen Meadow, on the South Fork of the Middle Fork of the Tule River near the northern end of the range, in her allozyme study of the genus. These populations were separated by a maximum Nei’s (1972) genetic distance (D) of 0.075. Mitochondrial DNA (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A3CA37E16D6BF99D" box="[1274,1314,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cob</emphasis>
|
||
) data also show a low level of variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF376A374A6DB34056AB3F9B9" author="Jockusch" box="[491,762,1556,1580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Jockusch, E. L. & Wake, D. B. (2002) Falling apart and merging: the diversification of slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the American West. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76, 361 - 391." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Jockusch &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A54734056AFFF9B9" box="[631,694,1556,1580]" name="Wake Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF376A374A7F734266AA3F8FA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A7F734266927F9C5" bold="true" box="[199,366,1591,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
By virtue of their previous inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A47B34286B89F9C5" box="[843,960,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A47B34286B89F9C5" box="[843,960,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A3B034286D57F9C5" box="[1152,1310,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A3B034286D57F9C5" box="[1152,1310,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been listed as a Species of Special Concern by the State of California and Sensitive Species by the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF376A374A38A344D6CA5F9E1" box="[1210,1260,1628,1652]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Forest Service. Our impression is that populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A57634906AABF90D" box="[582,738,1664,1688]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A57634906AABF90D" box="[582,738,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are healthy, both in the Greenhorn Mountains and within the Tule River drainage; individuals have been found in large numbers when surface conditions were appropriate. For example, about 60 individuals were seen along a single stream in the vicinity of Sugarloaf Village, Greenhorn Mountains, Tulare Co., California in a few hours of searching in
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF376A374A44134FD6C4DF891" box="[881,1028,1772,1796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1995-08">August 1995</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF376A374A33F34FC6CE3F891" box="[1039,1194,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF376A374A33F34FC6CE3F891" box="[1039,1194,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also abundant in the Tule River drainage, Tulare Co., California in
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF376A374A5ED351E6B17F8B2" box="[733,862,1807,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-04">April 2008</date>
|
||
: individuals were found at numerous sites, and at Moorehouse Creek, along Hwy. 190 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A50C35256AE4F8D9" box="[572,685,1844,1868]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="36.153">36.153°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF376A374A58835256B72F8D9" box="[696,827,1844,1868]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="55" value="-118.657">118.657°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10 individuals were found in an area of a few square meters of moist pine needle litter in less than 10 min.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |