501 lines
67 KiB
XML
501 lines
67 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C7EDAD5A8526D1E36D5DBF6E6003CF5B">New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C48C28B5477CF1CC2B0AB60557322CEA">Klinth, Mårten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94AB0069BCFAB9EFE3B568E03391FC6F">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F71EDEBBB97C65A5009CC567EE4DC67B">Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4ED81971F20118372AEBA2878178A032">Prantoni, Alessandro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6868962C130009C5A75C50AED173FCD8">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="287AE3C567B871302ADEAEC637660C5A">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9DE80489046E1A02BBC48176CBD1CE66">
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<mods:date id="2B55D14E4159652A936C0865F6DA1620">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A35F08A2927FAB04A831442C2CAD26D8">2021-09-24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039DC377FFB8FFDF4E64FB57FDBF5D31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194598602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DC377FFB8FFDF4E64FB57FDBF5D31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DC377FFB8FFDF4E64FB57FDBF5D31" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1114" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFB8FFDC4E64FB57FA895A0F" box="[837,1396,1273,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E64FB57FA895A0F" blockId="8.[837,1396,1273,1329]" box="[837,1396,1273,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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<heading id="D0C3C50DFFB8FFDC4E64FB57FA895A0F" box="[837,1396,1273,1298]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB8FFDC4E64FB57FA895A0F" ID-CoL="6QQDS" authority="STEPHENSON, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[837,1396,1273,1298]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E64FB57FB6C5A0C" box="[837,1169,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">LUMBRICILLUS ANTARCTICUS</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC49B8FB54FA895A0F" author="Stephenson J" box="[1177,1396,1273,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">STEPHENSON, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFB8FFDC4929FAB5FB4C5A2C" box="[1032,1201,1304,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4929FAB5FB4C5A2C" blockId="8.[837,1396,1273,1329]" box="[1032,1201,1304,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFB8FFDC4931FAB5FBA65A2C" box="[1040,1115,1304,1329]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">FIGS 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFB8FFDC4949FAB5FB545A2C" box="[1128,1193,1304,1329]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[829,915,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-376@9.[827,1441,195,1037]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Lumbricillus antarcticus and Marionina colpites. A–C, L. antarcticus, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F, M. colpites. D, male pore and associated glands (BMNH 1933.2.23.888). E, F, spermatheca (BMNH 1933.2.23.886 and BMNH 1933.2.23.888). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461095/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">4A–C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFC9A5AF2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFC9A5A69" blockId="8.[809,1425,1344,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24554FFFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFC9A5A69" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A955470FFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFA705A4B" author="Stephenson J" box="[809,1421,1344,1366]" page="257" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFA705A4B" ID-CoL="6QQDS" authority="Stephenson, 1932: 256 - 257" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityPageNumber="256 - 257" authorityYear="1932" box="[809,1421,1344,1366]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E08FAEDFBB55A4B" box="[809,1096,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Lumbricillus antarcticus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC4971FAEDFA705A4B" author="Stephenson J" box="[1104,1421,1344,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932: 256–257</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 8.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E60FAD3FB955AAF" blockId="8.[809,1425,1344,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB8FFDC4E60FAD3FBED5A8E" box="[833,1040,1406,1427]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E60FAD3FC285A8E" box="[833,981,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
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sp. 2
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC490BFAD3FAED5A8E" author="Prantoni AL & Belmonte-Lopes R & Lana PC & Erseus C" box="[1066,1296,1406,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="524 - 532" refId="ref24856" refString="Prantoni AL, Belmonte-Lopes R, Lana PC, Erseus C. 2018. Genetic diversity of marine oligochaetous clitellates in selected areas of the South Atlantic as revealed by DNA barcoding. Invertebrate Systematics 32: 524 - 532." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Prantoni
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC49B7FAD3FB305A8E" box="[1174,1229,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
(confirmed by comparison of
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4ECEFA30FBE35AAF" box="[1007,1054,1437,1458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">COI</emphasis>
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data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E60FA16FC9A5AF2" blockId="8.[809,1425,1344,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24554FFFB8FFDC4E60FA16FC9A5AF2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB8FFDC4E60FA16FB795ACD" ID-CoL="6QQDS" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[833,1156,1467,1489]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E60FA16FC255ACD" box="[833,984,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4920FA16FB795ACD" box="[1025,1156,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">antarcticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0A955470FFB8FFDC4983FA16FA715ACC" author="Lee J & Klinth MJ & Jung J" box="[1186,1420,1467,1489]" page="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" year="2019">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC4983FA16FA715ACC" author="Lee J & Klinth MJ & Jung J" box="[1186,1420,1467,1489]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref24119" refString="Lee J, Klinth MJ, Jung J. 2019. Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica. Polar Research 38: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC49F2FA11FAF05ACD" box="[1235,1293,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2019: 4–5
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFB8FFDF4E08F98CFDBF5D31" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1114" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E08F98CFB4F59AC" blockId="8.[809,1425,1569,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E08F98CFC34592B" box="[809,969,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Type material:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB8FFDC4EFDF98CFBD0592B" box="[988,1069,1569,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1933.2.23.899–900, two mature sectioned specimens (studied),
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB8FFDC495FF9EDFB325948" box="[1150,1231,1600,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1931.06.23.89/90 (in alcohol, not studied).
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<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFB8FFDC4919F9F3FB5C596E" box="[1080,1185,1630,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
. Loc. Wilson Harbour,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFB8FFDC4E08F9D0FC36598E" box="[809,971,1661,1683]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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||
. Leg. ‘Discovery’ 1925–1927 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC4829F9D0FCA259AD" author="Stephenson J" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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), see
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC4EBCF931FB5659AC" author="Boros G & Sherlock E" box="[925,1195,1691,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="19 - 27" refId="ref23271" refString="Boros G, Sherlock E. 2010. Catalogue of the enchytraeid worm collection (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) of the Natural History Museum in London. I. Spirit collection. Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis 41: 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Boros & Sherlock (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB8FFDC4E08F976FC3B5877" blockId="8.[809,1425,1754,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5C783CFFB8FFDC4E08F976FC3F5877" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3751562302" country="South Georgia Island" elevation="55" location="Wilson Harbour" municipality="According" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB8FFDC4E08F976FC3D59F2" box="[809,960,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">
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||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFB8FFDC4E08F976FCA359ED" box="[809,862,1755,1776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EEB24BAFFB8FFDC4EF2F977FB7759ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DC377FFB8FFDF4E64FB57FDBF5D31:8EEB24BAFFB8FFDC4EF2F977FB7759ED" box="[979,1162,1754,1776]" country="South Georgia Island" municipality="According" name="Wilson Harbour" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">Wilson Harbour</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFB8FFDC49B4F977FA7059ED" box="[1173,1421,1754,1776]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFE81BFFB8FFDC4E08F954FC595812" box="[809,932,1785,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111">According</collectingMunicipality>
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||
to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFB8FFDC4EF3F954FB475812" author="Stephenson J" box="[978,1210,1785,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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, the sample was labelled as ‘moss dwellers’, but the sampling station was listed as ‘hauled’ from 15–45 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFB8FFDC49C7F89BFAB75856" box="[1254,1354,1846,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" unit="m" value="54.5" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="26.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00199552FFB8FFDC49C7F89BFAB75856" box="[1254,1354,1846,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="1111" unit="m" value="54.5" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="26.0">26–83 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
using a beam trawl
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFB9FFDD4D82FC6AFD7B5B4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" startId="9.[163,246,967,989]" targetBox="[168,774,196,926]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDD4D82FC6AFD7B5B4E" blockId="9.[163,778,967,1107]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4D82FC6AFEEF5CC1" bold="true" box="[163,274,967,989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4C3EFC6AFDCB5CC0" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[287,566,967,989]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4C3EFC6AFDCB5CC0" box="[287,566,967,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Lumbricillus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFB9FFDD4E1CFB98FB365BE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" startId="9.[829,915,1077,1099]" targetBox="[830,1438,198,1034]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDD4E1CFB98FB365BE6" blockId="9.[827,1442,1077,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4E1CFB98FC495B57" bold="true" box="[829,948,1077,1099]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4E9EFB98FB1B5B56" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[959,1254,1077,1099]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4E9EFB98FB1B5B56" box="[959,1254,1077,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Lumbricillus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4806FB98FC715B75" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4806FB98FC715B75" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Marionina colpites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4EF4FBFEFB905B75" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[981,1133,1106,1128]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4EF4FBFEFB905B75" box="[981,1133,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4E1AFB23FC4D5BBE" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[827,944,1165,1187]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4E1AFB23FC4D5BBE" box="[827,944,1165,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">M. colpites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. D, male pore and associated glands (BMNH 1933.2.23.888). E, F, spermatheca (BMNH 1933.2.23.886 and BMNH 1933.2.23.888). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDD4D82FBD7FD255ADC" blockId="9.[163,779,1145,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4D82FBD7FE1D5B93" box="[163,480,1145,1167]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">New material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4CCEFBD4FDBA5B93" box="[495,583,1145,1166]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">SMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
198144–198147 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4D8BFB35FF335BB3" box="[170,206,1176,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">CE</collectionCode>
|
||
12479–CE12482), four mature specimens collected intertidally in 2010 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFB9FFDD4CF3FB1BFD2C5BD1" box="[466,721,1206,1228]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4D82FB78FF0F5BF7" box="[163,242,1237,1258]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">SMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
198148 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4C6DFB78FE8D5BF6" box="[332,368,1237,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">CE</collectionCode>
|
||
34641) and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4CCCFB78FDC15BF7" box="[493,572,1237,1258]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">SMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
198149 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4FB6FB78FD465BF6" box="[663,699,1237,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">CE</collectionCode>
|
||
34643), two mature specimens collected in 2015 from algae on intertidal rocks at Snow Island (South Shetland Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFB9FFDD4D82FA9CFEE25A5A" box="[163,287,1329,1351]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
). All new specimens are mounted on slides and serve as vouchers of genetic data. For details on collection and GenBank accession numbers for
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4FFBFAC2FCF75A99" box="[730,778,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">COI</emphasis>
|
||
barcodes (and other genes for some specimens), see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFB9FFDD4D82FA01FF095ADC" box="[163,244,1452,1474]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[144,208,419,441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens from the Southern Hemisphere used in this study, with specimen identification number, region of the collection site, GenBank accession numbers for the seven genetic markers, and voucher numbers (with museum acronym)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and the Supporting Information (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFB9FFDD4F4BFA01FD375ADC" box="[618,714,1452,1474]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[144,208,419,441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens from the Southern Hemisphere used in this study, with specimen identification number, region of the collection site, GenBank accession numbers for the seven genetic markers, and voucher numbers (with museum acronym)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDD4D82FA4BFE435876" blockId="9.[163,779,1509,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4D82FA4BFED95AE6" box="[163,292,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
This species, now differentiated by a unique
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4DDFF9A9FED35904" box="[254,302,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">COI</emphasis>
|
||
barcode, is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4FAAF9A9FCF75904" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[651,778,1540,1561]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4FAAF9A9FCF75904" box="[651,778,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, meaning that it has testis sacs forming clubshaped lobes arranged in a fan shape, and spindleshaped spermathecae. It can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFB9FFDD4DCAF9D2FE91598E" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[235,364,1662,1684]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4DCAF9D2FE91598E" box="[235,364,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group members by combining: (1) short sperm funnel, 1.0–1.5 times longer than wide; (2) spermatheca that widens gradually from the ectal pore, to be widest midway or two-thirds in and gradually tapers towards the oesophagus, where it connects to the latter; and (3) the geographical range, in that it is known only from the Subantarctic Islands and Antarctic Peninsula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDD4E1AFA80FA7759CD" blockId="9.[827,1443,1324,1898]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFB9FFDD4E1AFA80FC355A5F" box="[827,968,1325,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Length of first 20–26 segments is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFB9FFDD4850FA81FC705A7D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" unit="mm" value="5.1" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="3.1">3.1– 7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(fixed, amputated specimens); first 15 segments 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFB9FFDD4E4DFAC4FC3C5A62" box="[876,961,1385,1407]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; width at clitellum is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFB9FFDD49DBFAC4FA5D5A62" box="[1274,1440,1385,1407]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" unit="mm" value="0.56" valueMax="0.67" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chaetae sigmoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFB9FFDD4926FA25FBAA5A80" box="[1031,1111,1416,1438]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper bundles dorsolateral (above the lateral line but closer to it than the ventral bundles), with (three) four to six (eight) chaetae anterior to clitellum, and three to six (eight) chaetae in postclitellar segments, at least to XXVI. Ventral bundles with (four) six to eight (ten) chaetae anterior to clitellum, and (four) five to seven (nine) chaetae posteriorly. Longest measured chaetae of each worm 70–85 µm long, ~3–5 µm wide. Epidermis loosely covered with rows of pale gland cells. Clitellum with reticulate pattern of gland cells, extending over XII–XIII, absent ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFB9FFDE4E72F974FDE35E4B" blockId="9.[827,1443,1324,1898]" lastBlockId="10.[145,762,197,1078]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1113" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">
|
||
Coelomocytes numerous, 15–20 µm long; round, oval or spindle shaped; granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFB9FFDD49A0F8BBFB2B5831" box="[1153,1238,1814,1836]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4828F8BAFAD85831" box="[1289,1317,1815,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD4810F8BAFABE5831" box="[1329,1347,1815,1836]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFB9FFDD48A1F8BAFA635831" box="[1408,1438,1815,1836]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="1112">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
; each pair converging dorsally, but connections not discernible. Dorsal vessel originating in XIII, with peristomial bifurcation. Nephridia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBAFFDE4F70FF68FD575FC7" box="[593,682,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ~85– 110 µm long, observed in 7/8–9/10 and postclitellar segments. Anteseptale small, consisting of funnel only. Postseptale oval, tapering into posteroventral efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBAFFDE4D88FEF2FD795D95" blockId="10.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
Male genitalia paired (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBAFFDE4CC6FEF3FDB25E69" box="[487,591,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBAFFDE4F44FEF2FD7A5E69" box="[613,647,351,372]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[829,915,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-376@9.[827,1441,195,1037]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Lumbricillus antarcticus and Marionina colpites. A–C, L. antarcticus, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F, M. colpites. D, male pore and associated glands (BMNH 1933.2.23.888). E, F, spermatheca (BMNH 1933.2.23.886 and BMNH 1933.2.23.888). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461095/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Testes originating in anterior of XI, with testis sacs forming regular club-shaped lobes extending forwards into IX, sometimes VIII. Sperm funnels in XI, 175–250 µm long, 150–235 µm wide, making them about as long as wide or 1.5 times longer than wide; funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in and confined to XII, 15–20 µm wide. Penial bulbs round, 100–140 µm in diameter. Ovaries in XII. One to three mature eggs present at a time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBAFFDE4D88FD3CFDA75B2B" blockId="10.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
Spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBAFFDE4C78FD3CFE385DBA" box="[345,453,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Figs 3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBAFFDE4CEEFD3CFDF65DBA" box="[463,523,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[829,915,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-376@9.[827,1441,195,1037]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Lumbricillus antarcticus and Marionina colpites. A–C, L. antarcticus, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F, M. colpites. D, male pore and associated glands (BMNH 1933.2.23.888). E, F, spermatheca (BMNH 1933.2.23.886 and BMNH 1933.2.23.888). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461095/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFBAFFDE4F13FD3FFDBE5DBA" box="[562,579,658,679]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
, spindle shaped, with short ectal duct covered in musculature and rapidly widening into ampulla. Ampulla with midway bend dividing it into two sections; ectal part slightly narrower than ental part; ental part connecting with oesophagus. Sperm in lumen of entire ampulla; heads of spermatozoa embedded in wall of ampulla; more concentrated in the ental part. Spermathecae 270–390 µm long, 25–35 µm wide at the ectal duct, 75–115 µm wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal duct, forming compact mass 100–145 µm in diameter at its widest part. Midventral subneural glands observed in XIII–XIV(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFBAFFDE4F44FBACFD715B0A" box="[613,652,1025,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">XV</collectionCode>
|
||
), 75–130, 85–130 and 55–95 µm long, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBAFFDE4DB0FBCBFE33597A" blockId="10.[145,761,1126,1639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4DB0FBCBFDA65B66" box="[145,603,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Geographical distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4F51FBCBFF265B86" author="Stephenson J" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally described this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4F92FB28FEBC5BA7" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is where most material comes from, in addition to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D32B9E8FFBAFFDE4CA6FB6EFDCB5BC5" box="[391,566,1218,1240]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that came from Snow Island (South Shetland Islands) near the Antarctic Peninsula, not far from King George Island, from where it was reported from a tidal pool by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4FEEFAB2FED95A4E" author="Lee J & Klinth MJ & Jung J" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref24119" refString="Lee J, Klinth MJ, Jung J. 2019. Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica. Polar Research 38: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4DB0FA93FF335A4F" box="[145,206,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It should be noted that Stephenson’s material was labelled as ‘moss dwellers’ and was sampled (‘hauled’) from 15–45 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFBAFFDE4F64FAD7FD505A8D" box="[581,685,1402,1424]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="8.3" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" unit="m" value="54.5" valueMax="83.0" valueMin="26.0">26–83 m</quantity>
|
||
using a beam trawl. The species is also reported in the literature from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4C66FA15FE1E5AD3" box="[327,483,1464,1486]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Heard Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Kerguelen Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4DB0FA7BFE915AF1" box="[145,364,1494,1516]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4F12FA7BFD095AF1" box="[563,756,1494,1516]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4CF3FA58FD4F5916" box="[466,690,1525,1547]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
were from freshwater (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4C40F9B9FDAC5934" author="Dartnall HJ & Hollwedel W & De Paggi JC" box="[353,593,1555,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="922 - 939" refId="ref23484" refString="Dartnall HJ, Hollwedel W, De Paggi JC. 2005. The freshwater fauna of Macquarie Island, including a redescription of the endemic water-flea Daphnia gelida (Brady) (Anomopoda: Crustacea). Polar Biology 28: 922 - 939." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Dartnall
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4CEEF9B9FDF75934" box="[463,522,1556,1577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have not been able to confirm these reports by comparing morphology or genetic data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBAFFDE4DB0F908FA7E5BD3" blockId="10.[145,761,1701,1907]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4DB0F908FF0159A7" box="[145,252,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Our specimens, sampled from the intertidal zone on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4DCEF969FE1859C7" box="[239,485,1732,1754]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Snow Island, agree with the original description, particularly in the short sperm funnels, but they have on average more chaetae per bundle, the penial bulbs are smaller, and the spermathecal ampullae of our specimens are widest in their ental portion rather than ectally as in the illustration by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4924FF68FB295FC7" author="Stephenson J" box="[1029,1236,197,219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 8). In these respects, our specimens are similar to those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE480CFF49FC8F5E05" author="Lee J & Klinth MJ & Jung J" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref24119" refString="Lee J, Klinth MJ, Jung J. 2019. Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica. Polar Research 38: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE487AFF49FA6C5FE4" box="[1371,1425,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who motivated the uncertain identification
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4858FEAEFC375E2B" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4858FEAEFA6C5E05" box="[1401,1425,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E68FE8CFC375E2B" box="[841,970,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
owing to these differences. However, in Stephenson’s sectioned specimens, the penial bulbs are of the same size as in our material, and the proportions of the spermathecae also agree, making us confident that our specimens and those of Lee and Stephenson are conspecific. In his publication, Stephenson also recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4EF6FE74FBA65EF3" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[983,1115,473,494]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4EF6FE74FBA65EF3" box="[983,1115,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFBAFFDE4989FE74FAA45EF2" box="[1192,1369,473,495]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and considered it close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE493CFE55FB465D10" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1053,1211,504,525]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE493CFE55FB465D10" box="[1053,1211,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but distinguished by the much longer sperm funnels; five to ten times as long as wide for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4EC4FD98FBA25D57" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[997,1119,565,586]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4EC4FD98FBA25D57" box="[997,1119,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
against 1.25 times as long as wide for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E88FDF9FBB85D74" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[937,1093,596,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E88FDF9FBB85D74" box="[937,1093,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(matching the sperm funnels of our specimens). The short sperm funnels seem to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E95FD3CFBA85DBB" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[948,1109,657,678]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E95FD3CFBA85DBB" box="[948,1109,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from most other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E79FD1DFC245DD9" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[856,985,687,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E79FD1DFC245DD9" box="[856,985,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. There are a few species from the Northern Hemisphere with sperm funnels only 1.5 times longer than wide:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49A7FD40FC2C5C3C" authority="Shurova, 1974" authorityName="Shurova" authorityYear="1974" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49A7FD40FA6C5C1F" box="[1158,1425,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus alaricus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4E08FCA6FC2C5C3C" author="Shurova NM" box="[809,977,779,801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="128 - 136" refId="ref25680" refString="Shurova NM. 1974. Enchytraeidae of the genus Lumbricillus (Oligochaeta) from the intertidal zone of the Kurile Islands. In: Kusakin OG, ed. Plant and animal world of the litoral zone of the Kurile Islands. Novosibirsk: Far-Eastern Scientific Centre, 128 - 136." type="book chapter" year="1974">Shurova, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kurile Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49DBFCA6FB955C5D" authority="Nurminen, 1964" authorityName="Nurminen" authorityYear="1964" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fennicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49DBFCA6FC6D5C22" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus fennicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4EBAFC87FB955C5D" author="Nurminen M" box="[923,1128,810,832]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="48 - 51" refId="ref24750" refString="Nurminen M. 1964. Lumbricillus fennicus sp. n. and some other enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) from Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici 1: 48 - 51." type="journal article" year="1964">Nurminen, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Europe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E08FCE4FAEA5C43" authority="Shurova, 1978" authorityName="Shurova" authorityYear="1978" box="[809,1303,841,863]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parabolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E08FCE4FBA85C43" box="[809,1109,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus parabolus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4940FCE4FAEA5C43" author="Shurova NM" box="[1121,1303,841,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="98 - 105" refId="ref25732" refString="Shurova NM. 1978. The intertidal oligochaetes from Eastern Coast of Kamchatka. In: Kusakin OG, ed. Litoral Beringova morya i yugo-vostochnoj Kamchatki [Littoral of the Bering Sea and the southeastern Kamchatka]. Moscow: Nauka, 98 - 105." type="book chapter" year="1978">Shurova, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the eastern coast of Kamchatka and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4984FCC5FAE05C61" authorityName="Finogenova & Streltsov" authorityYear="1978" box="[1189,1309,871,893]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4984FCC5FAE05C61" box="[1189,1309,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. rubidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from east Murmansk (Barents Sea).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4946FC2BFA6C5C81" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1127,1425,902,924]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4946FC2BFA6C5C81" box="[1127,1425,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have the lobed sperm funnels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4830FC08FA6C5CA7" authorityName="Nurminen" authorityYear="1964" box="[1297,1425,933,954]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fennicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4830FC08FA6C5CA7" box="[1297,1425,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. fennicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E71FC69FC0A5CC5" authorityName="Shurova" authorityYear="1978" box="[848,1015,963,985]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parabolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E71FC69FC0A5CC5" box="[848,1015,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. parabolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lacks the ‘muscular bulb’ surrounding the spermathecal ectal duct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4837FC4EFA765CEA" authorityName="Finogenova & Streltsov" authorityYear="1978" box="[1302,1419,994,1016]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4837FC4EFA765CEA" box="[1302,1419,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. rubidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The brief description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4916FBACFB4C5B0B" authorityName="Shurova" authorityYear="1974" box="[1079,1201,1025,1046]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4916FBACFB4C5B0B" box="[1079,1201,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. alaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E08FB8DFC3A5B28" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[809,967,1056,1077]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E08FB8DFC3A5B28" box="[809,967,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with fewer chaetae on average and a smaller ectal gland on the spermathecae. All four mentioned species are separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49CEFBF0FA6C5B6F" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1263,1425,1117,1138]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49CEFBF0FA6C5B6F" box="[1263,1425,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by huge geographical distances, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49FDFBD1FAA15B8D" authorityName="Nurminen" authorityYear="1964" box="[1244,1372,1147,1169]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fennicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49FDFBD1FAA15B8D" box="[1244,1372,1147,1169]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. fennicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E08FB36FC595BB2" authorityName="Finogenova & Streltsov" authorityYear="1978" box="[809,932,1178,1200]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E08FB36FC595BB2" box="[809,932,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. rubidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were both included in the phylogeny and were not found to be related closely to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49FEFB14FA815BD3" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1247,1404,1209,1230]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49FEFB14FA815BD3" box="[1247,1404,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBAFFDF4E63FB7AFD1F5E8E" blockId="10.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="11.[163,779,197,556]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1114" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
The following three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE496EFB7AFAA25BF0" box="[1103,1375,1239,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE496EFB7AFB0B5BF1" box="[1103,1270,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all described from the South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F0BC83FFBAFFDE494DFB5BFAC35A11" box="[1132,1342,1270,1292]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the Subantarctic, are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4958FAB8FAE05A37" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1145,1309,1301,1322]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4958FAB8FAE05A37" box="[1145,1309,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and have only slightly longer sperm funnels (two to three times longer than wide). The first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49CFFAFFFB915A9B" authority="Lee et al., 2019" authorityName="Lee" authorityYear="2019" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sejongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49CFFAFFFC535A9B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus sejongensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4E97FADCFB915A9B" author="Lee J & Klinth MJ & Jung J" box="[950,1132,1393,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref24119" refString="Lee J, Klinth MJ, Jung J. 2019. Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica. Polar Research 38: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Lee
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4EC8FADCFBD95A9B" box="[1001,1060,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has spermathecae with less distinct transition from ectal duct to ampulla, and a more inflated ampulla than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49FCFA02FA775AD9" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1245,1418,1455,1476]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49FCFA02FA775AD9" box="[1245,1418,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two other candidates,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49A7FA60FBC8591D" authority="Wang & Liang, 1997" authorityName="Wang & Liang" authorityYear="1997" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49A7FA60FA6C5AFF" box="[1158,1425,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus incisus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4E08FA41FBC8591D" author="Wang H & Liang Y" box="[809,1077,1515,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="177 - 184" refId="ref25904" refString="Wang H, Liang Y. 1997. Two new species of Oligochaeta (Annelida) from King George Island, Antarctica. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 28: 177 - 184." type="journal article" year="1997">Wang & Liang, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE495CFA46FBB35902" authority="Rodriguez & Rico, 2008" authorityName="Rodriguez & Rico" authorityYear="2008" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="healyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE495CFA46FA6C591D" box="[1149,1425,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus healyae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBAFFDE4E08F9A7FBB35902" author="Rodriguez P & Rico E" box="[809,1102,1546,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" pagination="1267 - 1279" refId="ref25053" refString="Rodriguez P, Rico E. 2008. A new freshwater oligochaete species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Polar Biology 31: 1267 - 1279." type="journal article" year="2008">Rodriguez & Rico, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have both been found in freshwater and are morphologically similar to one another.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4EBBF9EAFB5D5940" authorityName="Wang & Liang" authorityYear="1997" box="[922,1184,1607,1629]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="incisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4EBBF9EAFB5D5940" box="[922,1184,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus incisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has fewer chaetae per bundle and has penial bulbs with a midway constriction, separating it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49F2F928FA745987" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1235,1417,1669,1690]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49F2F928FA745987" box="[1235,1417,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE4E08F90EFBCF59A5" authorityName="Rodriguez & Rico" authorityYear="2008" box="[809,1074,1699,1720]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="healyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE4E08F90EFBCF59A5" box="[809,1074,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">Lumbricillus healyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as having sacshaped spermathecal ampullae attaching directly to the oesophagus without tapering into an ental duct, whereas we consider those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBAFFDE49EFF8ADFA8F5808" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[1230,1394,1792,1813]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBAFFDE49EFF8ADFA8F5808" box="[1230,1394,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1113">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be more spindle shaped and to taper into an ental duct. However, this shape can be influenced by the extension or contraction of the worm [compare our
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBBFFDF4D82FF68FEEB5FC6" box="[163,278,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
, in addition to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFBBFFDF4CF3FF68FCF65FC6" author="Rodriguez P & Rico E" box="[466,779,197,219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" pagination="1267 - 1279" refId="ref25053" refString="Rodriguez P, Rico E. 2008. A new freshwater oligochaete species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Polar Biology 31: 1267 - 1279." type="journal article" year="2008">Rodriguez & Rico’s (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figs 3c and 4e, f for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBBFFDF4CAAFF48FDFF5FE4" authorityName="Rodriguez & Rico" authorityYear="2008" box="[395,514,228,250]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="healyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBBFFDF4CAAFF48FDFF5FE4" box="[395,514,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">L. healyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; our
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFBBFFDF4F61FF49FD6E5FE4" box="[576,659,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[163,246,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[168,774,196,926]" captionTargetId="figure-428@9.[167,775,195,927]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
is similar to their fig. 4f]. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBBFFDF4F2FFEAEFD485E05" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[526,693,259,280]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBBFFDF4F2FFEAEFD485E05" box="[526,693,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBBFFDF4CAEFE8FFDF45E2B" authorityName="Rodriguez & Rico" authorityYear="2008" box="[399,521,289,311]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="healyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBBFFDF4CAEFE8FFDF45E2B" box="[399,521,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">L. healyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by not having strong dorsoventral muscle strands surrounding the penial bulbs (described as possibly unique for that species) and shorter sperm funnels, as mentioned earlier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFBBFFDF4D9AFE31FDBF5D31" blockId="11.[163,779,197,556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">
|
||
Finally, the closest species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBBFFDF4F00FE31FD3A5EAC" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[545,711,412,433]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBBFFDF4F00FE31FD3A5EAC" box="[545,711,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">L. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both morphologically and genetically, is the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFBBFFDF4D82FE77FEEA5EF3" authorityName="Klinth & Rota & Martinsson & Prantoni & Erséus" authorityYear="2022" box="[163,279,473,495]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFBBFFDF4D82FE77FEEA5EF3" box="[163,279,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1114">L. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which we describe below. A comparison between these two species can be found under the Remarks section of this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |