335 lines
49 KiB
XML
335 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="24C9674CF7F266663371F9E36FABFDDD">New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF3E200F4312504BC9F53327F5CC48C4">Klinth, Mårten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CAD0DCB9AFE81D1DD26A97917EA130B">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE1D3D83CD9BD27AE72D83091917AEDE">Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F84121B07BA1C996894D8538AC503153">Prantoni, Alessandro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FBCF65C13ABB0EA3A3F60574EA7C5BA">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="0709A4AA9FCC3D175BF4657610F6180B">
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<mods:date id="EE21CEC1D25D7DC7D046A552F99803CA">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2172BCB5BB147EA4542F02944B9BAF5D">2021-09-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1456D580FF6B7D93E30CF7C43C21BA52">194</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039DC377FFA3FFC14DC8F9C8FEA159A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461129" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194598608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DC377FFA3FFC14DC8F9C8FEA159A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DC377FFA3FFC14DC8F9C8FEA159A1" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1124" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA3FFC74DC8F9C8FD395963" box="[233,708,1637,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74DC8F9C8FD395963" blockId="19.[233,708,1637,1662]" box="[233,708,1637,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<heading id="D0C3C50DFFA3FFC74DC8F9C8FD395963" box="[233,708,1637,1662]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74DC8F9C8FD395963" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authority="STEPHENSON, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[233,708,1637,1662]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74DC8F9C8FE1C5961" box="[233,481,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">MARIONINA AESTUUM</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74CC9F9C8FD395963" author="Stephenson J" box="[488,708,1637,1662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">STEPHENSON, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA3FFC74C46F93CFDBB59B7" box="[359,582,1681,1706]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74C46F93CFDBB59B7" blockId="19.[359,582,1681,1706]" box="[359,582,1681,1706]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74C51F93CFE1659B7" box="[368,491,1681,1706]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">FIGS 9B, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74CD9F93CFDE959B7" box="[504,532,1681,1706]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74F03F93CFDC359B7" box="[546,574,1681,1706]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA3FFC74D82F917FEF45811" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74D82F917FD3559D2" blockId="19.[163,777,1721,1804]" box="[163,712,1721,1743]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24554FFFA3FFC74D82F917FD3559D2" box="[163,712,1721,1743]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A955470FFA3FFC74D82F917FD3E59D2" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,707,1721,1743]" page="251" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" year="1932">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74D82F917FD3E59D2" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authority="Stephenson, 1932: 246 - 251" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityPageNumber="246 - 251" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,707,1721,1743]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D82F917FE7959D2" box="[163,388,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74CAAF914FD3E59D2" author="Stephenson J" box="[395,707,1721,1743]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932: 246–251</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74D9AF975FEF45811" blockId="19.[163,777,1721,1804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24554FFFA3FFC74D9AF975FEF45811" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74D9AF975FE3459F3" ID-CoL="8SYZ9" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[187,457,1752,1774]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D9AF975FE3459F3" box="[187,457,1752,1774]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Lumbricillus aestuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="0A955470FFA3FFC74CCAF975FEF85811" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" page="96" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74CCAF975FEF85811" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen, 1959: 96</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA3FFC14D82F89BFE625CE6" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1124" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74D82F89BFAC15BB9" blockId="19.[163,778,1845,1898]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1443,1105,1188]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D82F89BFEB35857" box="[163,334,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Type material:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA3FFC74C45F89BFE4A5856" box="[356,439,1846,1867]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1931:6:23:42–43 (in alcohol, not studied),
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA3FFC74C1CF8F9FE6D5874" box="[317,400,1876,1897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1933.2.23.893–896, four mature sectioned specimens (studied).
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<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA3FFC749BAFBFCFAFB5B7B" box="[1179,1286,1105,1126]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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. Loc. Shore of Bay of Isles,
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<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA3FFC74EE7FBDDFB965B9B" box="[966,1131,1136,1158]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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. Leg. ‘Discovery’ 1925–1927 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74E62FB23FBF15BB9" author="Stephenson J" box="[835,1036,1166,1188]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74902FB22FAD05BB9" author="Boros G & Sherlock E" box="[1059,1325,1166,1188]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="19 - 27" refId="ref23271" refString="Boros G, Sherlock E. 2010. Catalogue of the enchytraeid worm collection (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) of the Natural History Museum in London. I. Spirit collection. Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis 41: 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Boros & Sherlock, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74E1AFB63FC775A1F" blockId="19.[827,1442,1229,1282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5C783CFFA3FFC74E1AFB63FC7B5A1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3751562305" country="South Georgia Island" location="Shore of Bay" municipality="Bay of Isles" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74E1AFB63FC245BFF" box="[827,985,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA3FFC74E1AFB63FC8F5BFE" box="[827,882,1230,1251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EEB24BAFFA3FFC74ECEFB60FB745BFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DC377FFA3FFC14DC8F9C8FEA159A1:8EEB24BAFFA3FFC74ECEFB60FB745BFE" box="[1007,1161,1229,1251]" country="South Georgia Island" municipality="Bay of Isles" name="Shore of Bay" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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Shore of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEFE81BFFA3FFC7497AFB63FB745BFE" box="[1115,1161,1230,1251]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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</location>
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of Isles,
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<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA3FFC749D7FB60FC7B5A1F" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74E1AFA86FA7E5AA6" blockId="19.[827,1442,1322,1467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74E1AFA86FB9E5A22" box="[827,1123,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">New material examined:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA3FFC74950FA87FB385A5D" box="[1137,1221,1322,1344]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">SMNH</collectionCode>
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198154 (
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<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA3FFC7480DFA86FAAF5A5C" box="[1324,1362,1323,1345]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">CE</collectionCode>
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12477) one mature specimen collected in 2010 from
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<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA3FFC7487DFAE4FC675A63" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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||
. For information on collection localities and GenBank accession numbers for
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC749EAFA2AFB015A81" box="[1227,1276,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">COI</emphasis>
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||
barcodes, see
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||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFA3FFC74E1AFA08FC735AA7" box="[827,910,1445,1467]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[144,208,419,441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens from the Southern Hemisphere used in this study, with specimen identification number, region of the collection site, GenBank accession numbers for the seven genetic markers, and voucher numbers (with museum acronym)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
and the Supporting Information (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFA3FFC74831FA08FA895AA7" box="[1296,1396,1445,1467]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[144,208,419,441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens from the Southern Hemisphere used in this study, with specimen identification number, region of the collection site, GenBank accession numbers for the seven genetic markers, and voucher numbers (with museum acronym)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFB3FFD74DB1FE0EFBE15ECA">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC04E1AFA49FC045E05" blockId="19.[827,1443,1508,1898]" lastBlockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="1123" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74E1AFA49FAEB590A" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Description of new, mounted, material with comparative notes to Stephenson’s sectioned material:</emphasis>
|
||
Dark grey worm (at least when preserved), with subepithelial black pigmentation, densest dorsally, decreasing in intensity ventrally. Length of first 20 segments
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFA3FFC7486EF9F2FA5E5969" box="[1359,1443,1631,1652]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(fixed, amputated specimen); first 15 segments
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFA3FFC7486EF9D0FA5E598E" box="[1359,1443,1661,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; width at clitellum
|
||
<quantity id="4CCCDF84FFA3FFC74940F931FB3059AC" box="[1121,1229,1692,1714]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chaetae sigmoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74E65F917FC5059CD" box="[836,941,1722,1744]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper bundles dorsolateral (closer to lateral line than the ventral bundles), with five to eight (possibly more) chaetae anterior to clitellum; numbers not discernable in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 11–15 chaetae anterior to clitellum, nine to 11 chaetae posteriorly, at least to XX. The longest measured chaetae 95 µm long, ~5 µm wide. Epidermis densely covered with rows of pale gland cells; sectioned material also showed dense, deeply staining granular gland cells. Clitellum with reticulate pattern of gland cells, extending over XII–XIII, absent ventrally. Head pore not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA4FFC04E60FE8CFAAF5C1E" blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">
|
||
Coelomocytes numerous, ~15 µm long; round, oval or spindle shaped; granulated, with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04946FEF3FB355E69" box="[1127,1224,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
) present in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA4FFC04879FEF2FA8E5E69" box="[1368,1395,351,372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA4FFC0485EFEF2FA6C5E69" box="[1407,1425,351,372]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA4FFC04E7AFED3FC845E8E" box="[859,889,382,403]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
, with third pair extending back into VII; each pair dorsally separate. Origin of dorsal vessel not discernable, with peristomial bifurcation. Nephridia ~95 µm long (longer in sectioned material:
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC0483EFE74FA7F5EF3" box="[1311,1410,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
), observed in 7/8–9/10. Anteseptale narrower than, and about half as long as, postseptale, consisting of distinct funnel and part of the nephridial body, seen in sectioned material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04925FDF9FB9D5D74" box="[1028,1120,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postseptale oval, tapering into posteroventral efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision, with clusters of perikarya on prostomial nerves and at ventral ends of circumoesophageal connectives. Ventral nerve cord frontally bearing a large subbuccal bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04E48FD40FC285C1F" box="[873,981,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA4FFC04932FD43FB775C1E" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[1043,1162,750,771]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA4FFC04932FD43FB775C1E" box="[1043,1162,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Marionina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussion above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA4FFC04E60FCA1FA8D5A9A" blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">
|
||
Male genitalia paired (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC0496BFCA1FB565C3C" box="[1098,1195,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Testes originating in anterior of XI, with maturing male cells enveloped in testis sacs, cleft lengthwise into irregular lobes, distally breaking up into free-floating cysts. Sperm funnels in XI, 240 µm long, 110 µm wide, that is, about two times longer than wide; funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in XII, 15 µm wide. Penial bodies indistinct; each male pore surrounded by a small ring of gland cells embedded in a muscular framework, bearing two prostate glands, one anterior and one posterior, 125 and 160 µm long, respectively; each prostate with thread-like ventral connections to the male pore. The sectioned material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04E10FB37FC545BAD" box="[817,937,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows these structures in more detail, with a few gland cells surrounding the pore through which the vasa discharge; the gland cells connected via two stalks to two prostate glands that widen gradually and end in several dorsal lobes, and the muscular framework that surrounds all but the dorsal part of the prostates. The muscles cause the body wall to protrude around the male pore. Ovaries in XII. No mature eggs observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFA4FFC04DB0FC8DFE205CB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" startId="20.[145,225,800,822]" targetBox="[148,757,198,757]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA4FFC04DB0FC8DFE205CB1" blockId="20.[145,762,800,940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA4FFC04DB0FC8DFEF45C28" bold="true" box="[145,265,800,822]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA4FFC04C35FC8DFE155C2B" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[276,488,800,822]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA4FFC04C35FC8DFE155C2B" box="[276,488,800,822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA4FFC14E60FA3DFD095E2A" blockId="20.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="21.[163,779,197,311]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1124" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">
|
||
Spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04ED7FA3DFBA15AB8" box="[1014,1116,1424,1446]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Figs 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC0494BFA3DFB6A5AB8" box="[1130,1175,1424,1445]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA4FFC049E7FA3DFB2A5AB8" box="[1222,1239,1424,1445]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
, spindle or tube shaped; in our new material 315 µm long, 65 µm wide at the ectal duct and 30 µm wide at widest part of ampulla, and in the sectioned material 85 µm wide at the ectal duct and 60 µm wide at widest part of ampulla. Ectal duct difficult to distinguish from ampulla, but according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA4FFC04E66F9E5FBE25943" author="Stephenson J" box="[839,1055,1608,1630]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the ectal duct is the wider part with tall epithelial cells, whereas the ampulla has a thinner epithelium, and this is supported in his sectioned material. In our mounted specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA4FFC04845F909FCAA59CA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="20.[145,225,800,822]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,757]" captionTargetId="figure-555@20.[145,760,195,760]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 10. Marionina aestuum (CE12477, ventral view). A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca; note that there is another hidden ectal gland behind the spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461113/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the (thick-walled) duct is about as long as the (thin, apparently still developing) ampulla; in the sectioned material, the ampulla is 1.5–2.0 times longer than the duct. Ampulla connected to oesophagus. No sperm observed in the new material. Two separate, pedunculate glands flanking (one dorsal and the other ventral) each spermathecal pore (both glands shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA5FFC14D82FF49FF035FE4" box="[163,254,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" captionTargetId="figure-596@20.[146,760,977,1598]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 11. Marioninaaestuum.A,B, BMNH1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
); these glands ≤ 55 µm in diameter in our worm and ≤ 100 µm in the sectioned material. No midventral subneural glands were observed in the new material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFA4FFC04DB0F9C8FEA059ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461115/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" startId="20.[145,223,1637,1659]" targetBox="[149,757,980,1595]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA4FFC04DB0F9C8FEA059ED" blockId="20.[145,762,1637,1776]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA4FFC04DB0F9C8FEFE5967" bold="true" box="[145,259,1637,1659]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA4FFC04C2FF9C8FE275966" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[270,474,1637,1659]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA4FFC04C2FF9C8FE275966" box="[270,474,1637,1659]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1123">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B, BMNH 1933.2.23.896. A, spermatheca. B, nephridium. C, D, BMNH 1933.2.23.895, penial body and associated prostate glands (same specimen). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA5FFC14D82FECDFEF55D97" blockId="21.[163,779,352,650]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D82FECDFDB55E68" box="[163,584,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Geographical distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Morphologically identified only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA5FFC14CBCFED3FDB35E89" box="[413,590,382,404]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The etymology of the epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14C68FE33FE515EAE" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[329,428,414,435]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14C68FE33FE515EAE" box="[329,428,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Latin, ‘of the tides’) refers to the position of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA5FFC14C5FFE11FE4D5ECC" box="[382,432,444,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality ‘between tide marks’, which coincides with the habitat of our specimen. The
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED25EAA4FFA5FFC14D82FE57FF095D12" box="[163,244,506,527]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
collection has specimens collected by E. M. van Zinderen Bakker at five localities on Marion Island in 1976, determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14CADFD9AFDF55D51" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[396,520,567,588]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14CADFD9AFDF55D51" box="[396,520,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">L. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by E. G. Easton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA5FFC14FEAFD9AFEA25D77" author="Boros G & Sherlock E" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" pagination="19 - 27" refId="ref23271" refString="Boros G, Sherlock E. 2010. Catalogue of the enchytraeid worm collection (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) of the Natural History Museum in London. I. Spirit collection. Opuscula Zoologica Instituti Zoosystematici et Oecologici Universitatis Budapestinensis 41: 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Boros & Sherlock, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have not been able to validate this find.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA5FFC14D82FD1EFE625CE6" blockId="21.[163,780,690,1724]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D82FD1EFEE35DD5" box="[163,286,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Our single specimen is similar to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA5FFC14D82FD7CFE5F5DFA" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,418,721,743]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson’s (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in most characters, but we did not observed the two small subneural glands midventral in segments XIII and XIV, sperm filling the spermathecae or developing male cells bulging forward into X reported by Stephenson, which indicates that our specimen was not fully mature. Sections in Stephenson’s slides clearly show sperm filling the spermathecal lumen, mostly in the ectal, thick-walled portion, that is, the portion referred to as the ectal duct by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA5FFC14DE5FC48FE655CE6" author="Stephenson J" box="[196,408,997,1019]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFA5FFC14E1AFD41FAE35C47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461119/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" startId="21.[827,909,748,770]" targetBox="[830,1438,198,705]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA5FFC14E1AFD41FAE35C47" blockId="21.[827,1443,748,858]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14E1AFD41FC4A5C1C" bold="true" box="[827,951,748,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14EE2FD41FB7F5C1F" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[963,1154,748,770]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14EE2FD41FB7F5C1F" box="[963,1154,748,770]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Marionina grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, spermatheca. B, BMNH 1933.2.23.901, segments VIII–X. C, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, male apparatus. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA5FFC14D9AFBA9FEA159A1" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA5FFC14D9AFBA9FEA159A1" blockId="21.[163,780,690,1724]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14D9AFBA9FE615B04" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[187,412,1028,1049]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D9AFBA9FE615B04" box="[187,412,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other subantarctic pigmented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14CE6FB8EFDB85B25" ID-CoL="84PZV" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[455,581,1059,1080]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14CE6FB8EFDB85B25" box="[455,581,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Marionina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following characters:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14C09FBEFFE685B4B" ID-CoL="8T65L" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[296,405,1089,1111]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14C09FBEFFE685B4B" box="[296,405,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. werthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only a single prostate gland and spermathecae without glands;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14F6DFBCDFD255B68" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[588,728,1120,1141]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14F6DFBCDFD255B68" box="[588,728,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two prostate glands and spermathecae with glands.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14D82FB33FE7F5BAF" ID-CoL="8TG7S" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,386,1181,1203]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D82FB33FE7F5BAF" box="[163,386,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Marionina benhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has minute penial bodies, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14DDEFB11FE7F5BCC" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[255,386,1212,1233]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14DDEFB11FE7F5BCC" box="[255,386,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but instead of two large prostates,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14D82FB76FECE5BF2" ID-CoL="8TG7S" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,307,1242,1264]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D82FB76FECE5BF2" box="[163,307,1242,1264]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. benhami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a number of associated glandular masses (prostates), some in front and some behind the male pores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14C79FAB5FDC75A30" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[344,570,1304,1325]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14C79FAB5FDC75A30" box="[344,570,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14D82FA9AFEF15A51" ID-CoL="8T65K" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,268,1335,1356]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14D82FA9AFEF15A51" box="[163,268,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sectioned material of which we studied too;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA5FFC14D82FAF8FF105A77" box="[163,237,1365,1387]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="21.[827,909,748,770]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,705]" captionTargetId="figure-716@21.[827,1441,195,708]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 12. Marionina grisea. A, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, spermatheca. B, BMNH 1933.2.23.901, segments VIII–X. C, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, male apparatus. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461119/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
; for a full description, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA5FFC14F2DFAF8FD2F5A77" author="Stephenson J" box="[524,722,1365,1387]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the former: (1) has more chaetae per bundle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14F83FAD9FCF75A94" ID-CoL="8T65K" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[674,778,1396,1417]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14F83FAD9FCF75A94" box="[674,778,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has up to eight in ventral bundles, five in laterals); (2) spermathecae of about even width (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14F4FFA1FFD245ADA" ID-CoL="8T65K" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[622,729,1458,1479]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14F4FFA1FFD245ADA" box="[622,729,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter spermathecal duct that is twice as thick as the ampullae; in the fully matured sectioned material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14DE0F9A3FEB1593E" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[193,332,1550,1571]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14DE0F9A3FEB1593E" box="[193,332,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 1.5 times thicker); and (3) lacks the thickened ventral epithelial plate in X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA5FFC14F82F981FCF9595C" box="[675,772,1580,1602]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="21.[827,909,748,770]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,705]" captionTargetId="figure-716@21.[827,1441,195,708]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 12. Marionina grisea. A, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, spermatheca. B, BMNH 1933.2.23.901, segments VIII–X. C, BMNH 1933.2.23.902, male apparatus. Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461119/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
; described for mature specimens by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA5FFC14F15F9E7FD005942" author="Stephenson J" box="[564,765,1610,1632]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, our species is still morphologically closest to the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA5FFC14CCCF925FDA95980" ID-CoL="8TG6N" authority="KLINTH, ROTA & ERSÉUS, 2021" box="[493,596,1672,1693]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA5FFC14CCCF925FDA95980" box="[493,596,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1124">M. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which will be discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |