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<document id="E47BAF02BB2AE2A499C3A56B3CBBC41E" ID-CLB-Dataset="55739" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1271157" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f91a0e7b-c4c5-458a-858a-9de4cf82e13f" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184295" ID-ZooBank="89612083-9CE6-48E8-8975-1CE5334E098B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628736318312" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R., Fisher, Brian L., Collingwood, Cedric A. &amp; Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2017" docId="039DB6551625FFCCB499E1DC6A2ECE6A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.5-6.317-378.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (5 - 6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1271157" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brachyponera sennaarensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="FFA4CE2D1616FFF9B53EE3276B59CD7C" masterDocTitle="Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="317" pageNumber="367" updateTime="1699076503534" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5062CFC1C3C758F40063B91ACF8F61A0">Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography, distribution and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F666F8D736E8935AF8C7B1E606787D93">Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="380478E919C2A14AF3ABEE6F589ED54C">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD8823E36C870F38456A9A84AD6AED8A">Collingwood, Cedric A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1C1B0416A3D5649368E65EA56D892D0">Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2E08134C1CD94766C67922BF8D2FA39C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="737D9A83820EB7A83C48131EC92C9DF0">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4130D2D2AFFB58905434E2677AD52945" type="series">
<mods:title id="934E26610658674D0B0C3CDB4FBDDB93">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="21A77F6A520A1B4A71993347C37349A7">2017-01-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F023152B5EDDBBA3AD558A372A901FB6">51</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="743443A7770F2F017EB9C86916B61423">5 - 6</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039DB6551625FFCCB499E1DC6A2ECE6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5192411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195190008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5192411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DB6551625FFCCB499E1DC6A2ECE6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DB6551625FFCCB499E1DC6A2ECE6A" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81625FFCAB499E1DC68CECE68" box="[423,919,763,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB499E1DC68CECE68" blockId="51.[423,919,693,822]" box="[423,919,763,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<heading id="D0C3B02F1625FFCAB499E1DC68CECE68" box="[423,919,763,788]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01625FFCAB499E1DC68CECE68" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[423,919,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511625FFCAB499E1DC69A2CE68" bold="true" box="[423,763,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Brachyponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21625FFCAB634E1DC68D7CE68" author="Mayr G" box="[778,910,763,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref19739" refString="Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 12: 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81625FFCAB77DE03A69A2CE4A" box="[579,763,797,822]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB77DE03A69A2CE4A" blockId="51.[423,919,693,822]" box="[579,763,797,822]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
(
<figureCitation id="130F1BC61625FFCAB775E03A69E5CE4A" box="[587,700,797,822]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="52.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[258,1057,142,1667]" captionTargetId="figure-1@52.[258,1057,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figure 27. Brachyponera sennaarensis. (a) Body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746634, AntWeb.org, (Zach Lieberman). (c) Distribution map, blue circles from recent records, red circles from Collingwood et al. (2004)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184349/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Figure 27</figureCitation>
(a–c))
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81625FFCAB59EE075680FCE16" box="[160,854,850,874]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB59EE075680FCE16" blockId="51.[160,854,850,874]" box="[160,854,850,874]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24206D1625FFCAB59EE075680FCE16" box="[160,854,850,874]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9521521625FFCAB59EE0756964CE16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295172" author="Mayr G" box="[160,573,850,874]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A5A183F0211330F876470981B3D01620" page="721" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" year="1862">
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01625FFCAB59EE0756964CE16" authority="Mayr, 1862: 721" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="721" authorityYear="1862" box="[160,573,850,874]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511625FFCAB59EE0756AD9CE16" box="[160,384,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Ponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21625FFCAB4B7E0756964CE16" author="Mayr G" box="[393,573,850,874]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref19739" refString="Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 12: 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862: 721</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(w.)
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB749E0756999CE16" box="[631,704,850,874]" name="Sudan" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sudan</collectingCountry>
. Afrotropical.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81625FFCAB59EE0B16A74C9DE" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB59EE0B16A4DCECC" blockId="51.[160,1156,918,1186]" box="[160,276,918,944]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B940DB511625FFCAB59EE0B16A4DCECC" bold="true" box="[160,276,918,944]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB59EE09D6A74C9DE" blockId="51.[160,1156,918,1186]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B940DB511625FFCAB59EE09D6BB4CEAE" box="[160,237,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Worker</emphasis>
. Large species (TL 5–6). Head broader than mesosoma, with convex sides and emarginated posterior margin; eyes relatively large; metanotal groove deeply impressed; petiole a high and thick node with a straight anterior surface and a convex posterior surface; first and second gastral tergites separated by a distinct constriction characteristic for ponerine ants; gaster ending with a powerful sting. Dark brown to blackish brown, antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish. All body surfaces covered with fine and dense pubescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81625FFCCB59EE7E968BFCD90" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCAB59EE7E96AD9C994" blockId="51.[160,1156,1230,1706]" box="[160,384,1230,1256]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B940DB511625FFCAB59EE7E96AD9C994" bold="true" box="[160,384,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B07431625FFCCB59EE7D568BFCD90" blockId="51.[160,1156,1230,1706]" lastBlockId="53.[160,1156,142,236]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB59EE7D56BA8C876" box="[160,241,1266,1290]" name="Yemen" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Yemen</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB5C3E7D56AF9C876" box="[253,416,1266,1290]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
, W.
<location id="8EEB51981625FFCAB4EFE7D5696AC876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DB6551625FFCCB499E1DC6A2ECE6A:8EEB51981625FFCAB4EFE7D5696AC876" box="[465,563,1266,1290]" country="Yemen" county="Dehejamo" latitude="12.63311" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="54.05632" municipality="Lehanoh" name="Sakhalof" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sakhalof</location>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB701E7D56982C876" box="[575,731,1266,1290]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-27">27 April 2014</collectingDate>
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, 48 m, (M.
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leg.),
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(1 w,
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB788E632681EC851" box="[694,839,1301,1325]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Qalansyia, W</collectorName>
. Taisoh,
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, 67 m, (M.
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.
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leg.),
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,
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(2 w,
<collectionCode id="ED259F861625FFCAB788E61F69A5C82C" box="[694,764,1336,1360]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">KSMA</collectionCode>
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB659E61F6F50C82C" box="[871,1033,1336,1360]" name="Socotra Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
, Dixam,
<date id="FF8A21831625FFCAB156E61F6A4DC80E" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-24">
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB156E61F6A4DC80E" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-24">
24 April
<quantity id="4CCCAAA61625FFCAB5E5E67D6A4DC80E" box="[219,276,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014449" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2014449.0">2014</quantity>
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, 449 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB493E67D6AAAC80E" box="[429,499,1370,1394]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(2 w,
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, Dixam,
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24 April
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, 656 m, (M.
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leg.),
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(1 w,
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<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB7F0E687683CC8C4" box="[718,869,1440,1464]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-24">
24 April
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, 610 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB13FE6876F1EC8C4" box="[1025,1095,1440,1464]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(1 w,
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, Himihil Protectorate,
<date id="FF8A21831625FFCAB156E6E56A4DC881" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB156E6E56A4DC881" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-23">
23 April
<quantity id="4CCCAAA61625FFCAB5E5E6C26A4DC881" box="[219,276,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0143549999999997" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2014355.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
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, 355 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB493E6C26AAAC881" box="[429,499,1509,1533]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(2 w,
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB110E6C26BBCCB63" name="Socotra Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Socotra Island</collectingCountry>
, Himihil Protectorate,
<date id="FF8A21831625FFCAB4C6E52069FBCB63" box="[504,674,1543,1567]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-23">
<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB4C6E52069FBCB63" box="[504,674,1543,1567]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-23">
23 April
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, 372 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB65CE52068F1CB63" box="[866,936,1543,1567]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(1 w,
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, Haydibo, Erheno,
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<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB6A6E50D6F6CCB3E" box="[920,1077,1578,1602]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-19">19 April 2014</collectingDate>
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, 33 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB5E3E56A6A7ACB19" box="[221,291,1613,1637]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(4 w,
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<collectingCountry id="F32347D31625FFCAB638E56A680ECB19" box="[774,855,1613,1637]" name="Yemen" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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, W.
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o,
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<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1625FFCAB156E56A6A45CBFB" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" value="2014-04-21">
21 April
<quantity id="4CCCAAA61625FFCAB5DDE5486A45CBFB" box="[227,284,1647,1671]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014196" pageId="51" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="2014196.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
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, 196 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB4EFE548694ECBFB" box="[465,535,1647,1671]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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, (4 w,
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(daitab),
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, 93 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951625FFCAB653E5B568EACBD6" box="[877,947,1682,1706]" pageId="51" pageNumber="367">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(1 w,
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,
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,
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22 April
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, 931 m, (M.
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.
<collectorName id="26C162951623FFCCB59EE3966BBFCDB5" box="[160,230,177,201]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Sharaf</collectorName>
leg.),
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,
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(1 w,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFCED86B1623FFCCB156E3966A4FCD90" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" value="2014-04-22">
22 April
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, 563 m, (M.
<collectionCode id="ED259F861623FFCCB4A7E3F36AF5CD90" box="[409,428,212,236]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">R</collectionCode>
.
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leg.),
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,
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(4 w,
<collectionCode id="ED259F861623FFCCB6A8E3F36885CD90" box="[918,988,212,236]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">KSMA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4B57CB1622FFCDB59EE58A6AFBCB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5184349/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="368" startId="52.[160,225,1709,1732]" targetBox="[258,1057,142,1667]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431622FFCDB59EE58A6AFBCB83" blockId="52.[160,1157,1709,1791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B940DB511622FFCDB59EE58A6A5ECBB8" bold="true" box="[160,263,1709,1732]" pageId="52" pageNumber="368">Figure 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01622FFCDB431E58A694ACBB8" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[271,531,1709,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511622FFCDB431E58A694ACBB8" box="[271,531,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="368">Brachyponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (a) Body in profile. (b) Head in full-face view, CASENT0746634, AntWeb.org, (Zach Lieberman). (c) Distribution map, blue circles from recent records, red circles from
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21622FFCDB59EE5CF6AC7CB83" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Pohl H &amp; Guesten R &amp; Wranik W &amp; Van Harten A" box="[160,414,1768,1791]" pageId="52" pageNumber="368" pagination="473 - 495" refId="ref18239" refString="Collingwood CA, Pohl H, Guesten R, Wranik W, Van Harten A. 2004. The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Arabia. 20: 473 - 495." type="journal article" year="2004">Collingwood et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81623FFCCB59EE2306BB9CF7D" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431623FFCCB59EE2306A2ECC4D" blockId="53.[160,1156,279,513]" box="[160,375,279,305]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B940DB511623FFCCB59EE2306A2ECC4D" bold="true" box="[160,375,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Geographic range</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B07431623FFCCB59EE21B6BB9CF7D" blockId="53.[160,1156,279,513]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01623FFCCB59EE21B6A91CC28" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[160,456,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511623FFCCB59EE21B6A91CC28" box="[160,456,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Brachyponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more successful invasive Ponerine ants (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB11EE21B6B8ECC0A" author="Wetterer JK" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="13 - 18" refId="ref21327" refString="Wetterer JK. 2013. Geographic spread of the samsum or sword ant, Pachycondyla (Brachyponera) sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News. 18: 13 - 18." type="journal article" year="2013">Wetterer 2013</bibRefCitation>
), being broadly distributed throughout Sub-Saharan Africa,
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB6BAE27968F6CC0A" box="[900,943,350,374]" name="Iran" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB682E2796B8ECCE5" author="Akbarzadeh K &amp; Nateghpour M &amp; Tirgari S &amp; Abaei MR" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="866 - 869" refId="ref17448" refString="Akbarzadeh K, Nateghpour M, Tirgari S, Abaei MR. 2006. Medical importnace of fire ant Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Iranshahr and Sarbaz counties, Southeastern of Iran. J Med Sci. 6: 866 - 869." type="journal article" year="2006">Akbarzadeh et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB5D7E2A66A2CCCE5" author="Paknia O" box="[233,373,385,409]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="235 - 238" refId="ref20068" refString="Paknia O. 2006. Distribution of the introduced ponerine ant Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Iran. Myrmecologische Nachrichten. 8: 235 - 238." type="journal article" year="2006">Paknia 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB4B9E2A669E3CCE5" author="Tourenq C &amp; Shuriqi MK" box="[391,698,385,409]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="49 - 51" refId="ref20891" refString="Tourenq C, Shuriqi MK. 2010. Snapshot on introduced invasives in a desertic country, the United Arab Emirates. Aliens. 30: 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="2010">Tourenq and Shuriqi 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and several countries of the Arabian Peninsula including
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB4AEE2836AE5CCC0" box="[400,444,420,444]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">KSA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB4EEE28369FCCCC0" author="Collingwood CA" box="[464,677,420,444]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="230 - 302" refId="ref18149" refString="Collingwood CA. 1985. Hymenoptera: fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia. 7: 230 - 302." type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB781E28369A9CCC0" box="[703,752,420,444]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">UAE</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB63FE283680BCCC0" box="[769,850,420,444]" name="Yemen" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Yemen</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB65DE28368FECCC0" box="[867,935,420,444]" name="Oman" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB685E2836A73CCA2" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref18173" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA57AB21623FFCCB402E2E1690DCCA2" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D &amp; Sharaf MR &amp; Van Harten A" box="[316,596,454,478]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" pagination="405 - 474" refId="ref18206" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D, Sharaf MR, Van Harten A. 2011. Order hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE. 4: 405 - 474." type="journal article" year="2011">Collingwood et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB7A0E2E16985CCA2" box="[670,732,454,478]" name="Qatar" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Qatar</collectingCountry>
(Sharaf and Aldawood unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32E54C81623FFCCB59EE10B6A2ECE6A" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8B07431623FFCCB59EE10B694CCF3A" blockId="53.[160,1155,556,790]" box="[160,533,556,582]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B940DB511623FFCCB59EE10B694CCF3A" bold="true" box="[160,533,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Ecological and biological notes</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8B07431623FFCCB59EE1766A2ECE6A" blockId="53.[160,1155,556,790]" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01623FFCCB59EE1766A92CF15" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[160,459,593,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511623FFCCB59EE1766A92CF15" box="[160,459,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Brachyponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has invaded a wide range of habitats on
<collectingCountry id="F32347D31623FFCCB68DE1766F52CF15" box="[947,1035,593,617]" name="Yemen" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Socotra</collectingCountry>
, especially soil that is moist covered with the leaf litter of date palm trees. This species also commonly nests under rocks and objects associated with moist soils.
<taxonomicName id="4C347CC01623FFCCB6D3E1B16A72CFAD" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachyponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sennaarensis">
<emphasis id="B940DB511623FFCCB6D3E1B16A72CFAD" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="369">Brachyponera sennaarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also invaded the relatively undisturbed valleys of the island where streams and denser vegetation are found. A nest was found under a stone under a dragon blood tree.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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