242 lines
34 KiB
XML
242 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="E2243527EC39FCF305A0F9F3C893A0C5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0922cb6a-7528-4b89-9010-7d602861702e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186996" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461060235009" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Louis, Soja" docDate="2009" docId="039D87F3AE2EB9480FB9E204FC82AFCD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02066p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2066" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Biflustra perambulata Louis, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFA4FF8BAE2CB94B0F2EE168FFFDA801" masterDocTitle="Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698582048608" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1DD1F7C1A355133D7B5DB92501A16210">Biflustra perambulata n. sp. (Cheilostomata: Bryozoa), a new alien species from Cochin Harbour, Kerala, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CC36634CB644D81F1182BE1988D6E0BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5D5BFC5ED68C4B50EF77F227573ACC62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9B32814744CF58633E8B8FC27402A33E">Louis, Soja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="659A2ADBEC8C70901AFDA7F0E8FE83EC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="40ACC78FFECA07F2CA4959ADCBC0EB0F">
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<mods:date id="E64FBD26097C5E176390BAC8A7E5A4FC">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2FC8D9713D5F1F49EDA66BE30E483B54" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="19963E580381B9176B4D515C3A5D16B1">2066</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8F67DAC2A6A5E56BCBD3B88B059E8E79">59</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="8D1882A247AB01C4F5ACBCEDECB6227F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186996</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="30CE6AF71EF49EFC81E1CBB0DC8E2A6A" type="GBIF-Dataset">0922cb6a-7528-4b89-9010-7d602861702e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C9FC37B3766CDEDDABE0F3B6033E4831" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9DB23537F55B015F8FE902FFA38C83CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">186996</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D87F3AE2EB9480FB9E204FC82AFCD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220832" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D87F3AE2EB9480FB9E204FC82AFCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87F3AE2EB9480FB9E204FC82AFCD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2EB9490FB9E204FEEDABA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2EB9490FB9E204FE11AB84" blockId="2.[151,492,875,936]" box="[151,492,875,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0C38189AE2EB9490FB9E204FE11AB84" bold="true" box="[151,492,875,902]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490FB9E204FE11AB84" bold="true" box="[151,492,875,902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2EB9490FB9E204FE5EAB87" box="[151,419,876,902]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490FB9E204FE5EAB87" bold="true" box="[151,419,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Biflustra perambulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578CAE2EB9490E84E203FE11AB84" box="[426,492,875,901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2EB9490FB9E2E6FEEDABA9" blockId="2.[151,492,875,936]" box="[151,272,910,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490FB1E2E6FEFAABA9" box="[159,263,910,936]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="3.[151,255,854,878]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,259,663,687]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,1238,1262]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,255,657,681]" captionStartId-5="5.[151,255,1265,1289]" captionTargetBox-0="[473,1116,197,828]" captionTargetBox-1="[468,1117,197,635]" captionTargetBox-2="[468,1117,776,1214]" captionTargetBox-3="[468,1117,1350,1789]" captionTargetBox-4="[468,1117,194,632]" captionTargetBox-5="[468,1117,804,1242]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[473,1116,197,829]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[468,1118,197,637]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[468,1118,776,1214]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[468,1118,1350,1790]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[468,1118,194,633]" captionTargetId-5="figure@5.[468,1118,804,1242]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Biflustra perambulata n. sp., showing the white and foliaceous nature of the colony." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids, including one that has initiated a new zooid row; note the diminution of the cryptocyst midproximally in each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Bifurcation of zooid rows; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal rim of an autozooid in a continuous zooid row; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids in lateral view, showing the interior of a lateral wall; note the high position in the wall of the pore-plates, with subjacent parietal muscle scars and the scar of the operculum occlusor muscle at right. Note also the slightly elevated distal rims of autozooids as seen in profile. Scalebar: 100 μm." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal view of the interiors of the transverse walls of three zooids, showing the arc of uniporous septula, with a cluster of such pores on each side where the arc upturns; note the crenulations in the slightly raised distal rim of each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186998/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186999/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/187000/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/187001/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/187002/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/187003/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figs 2–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2EB9490FB9E2B3FB3EAC42" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2EB9490FB9E2B3FB3EAC42" blockId="2.[151,1437,987,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490FB9E2B3FE6FABF4" bold="true" box="[151,402,987,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="548F8847AE2EB9490EB5E2B4FDF4ABF4" box="[411,521,988,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490EB5E2B4FDF4ABF4" box="[411,521,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. MBM-J.1.1.1 ― a colony of
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<quantity id="4CCC9B00AE2EB9490C53E2B4FC34ABF7" box="[893,969,988,1014]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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diameter, collected from an oil-tanker berth in
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<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2EB9490FD0E56AFEABAC1D" box="[254,342,1026,1052]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Cochin</collectingCountry>
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Harbour (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE005022AE2EB9490EF8E56AFD95AC1D" box="[470,616,1026,1052]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="9.967777">9°58’04” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE005022AE2EB9490D5BE56AFCEFAC1D" box="[629,786,1026,1052]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="76.28973">76°16’83” E</geoCoordinate>
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), Kerala,
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<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2EB9490CA5E56AFC30AC1D" box="[907,973,1026,1052]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
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, deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Museum, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Government of
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<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2EB9490CFAE541FBE8AC42" box="[980,1045,1065,1091]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2EB9490B06E541FB42AC42" box="[1064,1215,1065,1091]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Kochi, India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2EB9490FE8E527FE31ACB6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2EB9490FE8E527FE31ACB6" blockId="2.[151,1437,987,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490FE8E527FEAEAC68" bold="true" box="[198,339,1103,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name is derived from the Latin
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490C71E538FBFDAC68" box="[863,1024,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">perambulatus</emphasis>
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, meaning ‘to travel over’, alluding to the capability of the genus/species to colonize contiguous marine ecosystems through transportation by natural or artificial means.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2EB9490FE8E5ABFD78AED5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2EB9490FE8E5ABFD78AED5" blockId="2.[151,1437,987,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2EB9490FE8E5ABFEBBACDC" bold="true" box="[198,326,1219,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Colony erect, bilamellar, from an initially encrusting base, becoming so foliaceous as to give the appearance of silky floating cloth; thin and brittle. Zooids elongate-rectangular, the distal and proximal margins slightly convex distally to almost straight, 540–600 μm long and 330–350 μm wide, arranged quincuncially with fine demarcations between them (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490C24E450FCAFAD53" box="[778,850,1336,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,259,663,687]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,197,635]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,197,637]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids, including one that has initiated a new zooid row; note the diminution of the cryptocyst midproximally in each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186999/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Opesia oval. No gymnocyst. Cryptocyst mainly developed in the proximolateral corners of each zooid, the midproximal margin of the opesia closely approaching the proximal end of the zooid; cryptocystal surface with sparsely scattered granulations that appear as tiny denticulations along the edge of the narrow lateral cryptocyst that attenuates or disappears distally; median denticulate process absent (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490D8CE4BAFD11ADED" box="[674,748,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,776,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,776,1214]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Bifurcation of zooid rows; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187000/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2EB9490C2CE4BAFCDEADED" box="[770,803,1490,1516]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">As</collectingCountry>
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seen in profile, the distal part of the zooid somewhat elevated to form a low-arched crest that is granular-crenulated (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490CADE491FC36AE12" box="[899,971,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,1350,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,1350,1790]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal rim of an autozooid in a continuous zooid row; note the crenulations of the distal zooid rim as seen en face. Scale-bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Multiporous mural septula set high in each lateral wall, 2 pairs proximolateral and 2 pairs distolateral, each with 5–9 perforations in the septulum (pore plate) (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490E1DE72EFE83AE61" box="[307,382,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,657,681]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,194,632]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[468,1118,194,633]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids in lateral view, showing the interior of a lateral wall; note the high position in the wall of the pore-plates, with subjacent parietal muscle scars and the scar of the operculum occlusor muscle at right. Note also the slightly elevated distal rims of autozooids as seen in profile. Scalebar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Small round insertion scars of parietal muscles also set fairly high in the lateral walls, with a much larger scar of operculum occlusor muscles set mid-height in the lateral wall below the distalmost septulum (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490E34E7FCFE95AEAF" box="[282,360,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,657,681]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,194,632]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[468,1118,194,633]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Autozooids in lateral view, showing the interior of a lateral wall; note the high position in the wall of the pore-plates, with subjacent parietal muscle scars and the scar of the operculum occlusor muscle at right. Note also the slightly elevated distal rims of autozooids as seen in profile. Scalebar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). A crescent of uniporous septula in each transverse wall; at each upturned end of the crescent is a cluster of such pores (
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<figureCitation id="130F2A60AE2EB9490D01E7D2FD8BAED5" box="[559,630,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1265,1289]" captionTargetBox="[468,1117,804,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[468,1118,804,1242]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biflustra perambulata n. sp. Distal view of the interiors of the transverse walls of three zooids, showing the arc of uniporous septula, with a cluster of such pores on each side where the arc upturns; note the crenulations in the slightly raised distal rim of each zooid. Scale-bar: 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187003/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4B666DAE2FB9480FB9E23EFB5EAB6F" box="[151,1187,854,878]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186998/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[473,1116,197,828]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2FB9480FB9E23EFB5EAB6F" blockId="3.[151,1187,854,878]" box="[151,1187,854,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480FB9E23EFEE4AB6F" bold="true" box="[151,281,854,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480E0EE23FFDF1AB6F" box="[288,524,855,878]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E0EE23FFDF1AB6F" box="[288,524,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Biflustra perambulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578CAE2FB9480D3DE23EFDB2AB6F" box="[531,591,854,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D3DE23EFDB2AB6F" bold="true" box="[531,591,854,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, showing the white and foliaceous nature of the colony.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2FB9480FE8E2AAFE83ACEE" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2FB9480FE8E2AAFE83ACEE" blockId="3.[151,1437,962,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480FE8E2AAFECAABDB" bold="true" box="[198,311,962,986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480E99E2ABFDE9ABDB" box="[439,532,963,986]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E99E2ABFDE9ABDB" box="[439,532,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Biflustra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a concentration of species in East Asian waters. In recent decades, Xixing Liu and colleagues have described a number of them (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480DFFE28DFC8FABFD" box="[721,882,997,1020]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480DFFE28DFC8FABFD" box="[721,882,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Membranipora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) from coastal Chinese waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480BEFE28DFADAABFD" author="Liu" box="[1217,1319,997,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X. (1991) A study on the anascan-cribrimorphan bryozoans from Nansha Islands of China. Bulletin of the Marine Biology of Nansha Islands and Neighbouring Seas, 1, 56 - 81. [In Chinese with English Summary]" type="journal article" year="1991">Liu 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480A1DE28DFA96ABFD" author="Liu" box="[1331,1387,997,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X. - X. (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata: Bryozoa) from south Chinese seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40, 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480A59E28DFEF4AC1E" author="Liu" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X. & Li, C. (1987) Six new species of bryozoans from the waters of Hong Kong and Zhu Jiang estuary. Journal of Oceanography of Taiwan Strait, 6, 53 - 68, 4 pls. [In Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1987">Liu & Li 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480E3AE560FE48AC1E" author="Liu" box="[276,437,1032,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Xia, W. (1999) Significance of early astogeny of cheilostome bryozoans in their evolution. I. The characteristics of early astogeny of suborder Malacostegina (Membraniporidae and Electridae), with descriptions of a new genus and six new species. Studia Marina Sinica, 41, 128 - 167, pls 1 - 3. [In Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E6EE560FE92AC1E" box="[320,367,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480E91E560FE0AAC1E" author="Liu" box="[447,503,1032,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Beijing, Science Press. 860 pp., 82 pls. [In Chinese with English Summary]" type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480D2DE560FD30AC1E" author="Zhang" box="[515,717,1032,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Zhang, S. & Liu, X. (1995) A new species of Membranipora from the south Chinese seas (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata: Membraniporidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 20, 133 - 136. [In Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1995">Zhang & Liu 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the genus is otherwise known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2FB9480BA2E560FB34AC1E" box="[1164,1225,1032,1055]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2FB9480A0AE560FA61AC1E" box="[1316,1436,1032,1055]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480E66E543FE10AC43" author="Tilbrook" box="[328,493,1067,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Tilbrook, K. J. (2006) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monograph, 4 (Studies in Biodiversity, 3), 1 - 385." type="journal article" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480D57E543FD24AC43" box="[633,729,1067,1090]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D57E543FD24AC43" box="[633,729,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can look superficially similar and be easily confused with each other, in part owing to the relative lack of morphological characters ― for example there are no zooidal polymorphs or external skeletal reproductive structures. Nevertheless, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480C16E518FC4EAC86" author="Liu" box="[824,947,1136,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X. - X. (1992) On the genus Membranipora (Anasca: Cheilostomata: Bryozoa) from south Chinese seas. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 40, 103 - 144." type="journal article" year="1992">Liu (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly demonstrated, the distribution and arrangement of septular pores in transverse and lateral walls constitute useful characters, and, as shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480A19E5FBFF1DACCD" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, X., Yin, X. & Ma, J. (2001) Biology of Marine-Fouling Bryozoans in the Coastal Waters of China. Beijing, Science Press. 860 pp., 82 pls. [In Chinese with English Summary]" type="book">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480A4AE5FBFA68ACAB" box="[1380,1429,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, details of the cryptocyst as revealed by scanning electron microscopy are very informative, especially if one has an ontogenetic series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E656EAE2FB9480FE8E593FC82AFCD" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2FB9480FE8E593FCF5AE22" blockId="3.[151,1437,962,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480FE8E593FE2DAD15" box="[198,464,1275,1300]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480FE8E593FE2DAD15" box="[198,464,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Biflustra perambulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from other described species of the genus in all of these characters, including from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480E62E449FCECAD3A" ID-CoL="LT58" authority="Canu & Bassler, 1929" authorityName="Canu & Bassler" authorityYear="1929" box="[332,785,1313,1339]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E62E449FE0EAD3B" box="[332,499,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. grandicella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480D2CE449FCF4AD3A" author="Canu" box="[514,777,1313,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Canu, F. & Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. Bulletin, U. S National Museum, 100, i - xi, 1 - 685, pls 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1929">Canu & Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it superficially resembles.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2FB9480BB1E449FB3DAD3A" box="[1183,1216,1313,1339]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated in figure 8, the sizes of the zooids of these species differ (at least in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3237675AE2FB9480CAAE420FBD6AD63" box="[900,1067,1352,1378]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480BE8E420FA87AD60" ID-CoL="LT58" box="[1222,1402,1352,1377]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480BE8E420FA87AD60" box="[1222,1402,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. grandicella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as compared with Indian material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480D04E407FD1FAD89" box="[554,738,1391,1416]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D04E407FD1FAD89" box="[554,738,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. perambulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although water temperature could account in part for this) more significantly, the cryptocyst in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480D46E4FDFCE1ADAF" ID-CoL="LT58" box="[616,796,1429,1454]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D46E4FDFCE1ADAF" box="[616,796,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. grandicella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more extensive proximally, can develop coarser granulation in ephebic zooids, and produce rare spinules on the edge of the cryptocyst. None of these features is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480E0CE48BFE20ADFD" box="[290,477,1507,1532]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="perambulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E0CE48BFE20ADFD" box="[290,477,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. perambulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a less robust, more foliaceous species that is white in the living state compared with the pale buff colour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480D74E761FCFCAE23" ID-CoL="LT58" box="[602,769,1545,1570]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="grandicella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D74E761FCFCAE23" box="[602,769,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. grandicella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B36E5AE2FB9480FE8E758FC82AFCD" blockId="3.[151,1437,962,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The only other described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480D5BE758FD21AE48" ID-CoL="84MG8" box="[629,732,1584,1609]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480D5BE758FD21AE48" box="[629,732,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Biflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have been recorded in Indian waters is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480BF9E758FAAEAE48" ID-CoL="LT5Q" box="[1239,1363,1584,1609]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Biflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480BF9E758FAAEAE48" box="[1239,1363,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B. savartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctt. (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480FEFE73FFE8EAE71" ID-CoL="84Q7H" box="[193,371,1623,1648]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480FEFE73FFE8EAE71" box="[193,371,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Membranipora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480E93E73FFD52AE70" author="Menon" box="[445,687,1623,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Menon, N. R. & Nair, N. B. (1975) Indian species of Malacostega (Polyzoa, Ectoprocta). Journal of the Marine Biological association of India, 17, 553 - 579." type="journal article" year="1975">Menon & Nair 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for Indian records), but the precise identity of this form with a well-developed cryptocystal process is in doubt.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480DF6E715FBB7AE96" authority="Audouin, 1826" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1826" box="[728,1098,1661,1687]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="savartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480DF6E715FC6DAE97" box="[728,912,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Flustra savartii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480CB6E715FBB7AE96" author="Audouin" box="[920,1098,1661,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Description de l'Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de ' Armee francaise ... Histoire naturelle. Vol. 1, Part 4. Paris, Imprimerie Imperiale. 339 p." type="book" year="1826">Audouin, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described from the Red Sea, but the illustrations executed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480DA5E7CCFC7DAEBF" author="Savigny" box="[651,896,1700,1726]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1817) Description de l'Egypte, ou receuil des observations et des recherches qui ont ete faites en Egypte pendant l'Expedition de ' Armee francaise ... Histoire naturelle. Vol. 2, Planches. Paris, Imprimerie Royale. 125 pls." type="journal article" year="1817">J. C. Savigny (1817)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA54B14AE2FB9480C91E7CCFB0EAEBF" author="Bouchet" box="[959,1267,1700,1726]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" refString="Bouchet, P. & Danrigal, F. (1982) Napoleon's Egyptian campaign (1798 - 1801) and the Savigny collection of shells. The Nautilus, 96, 9 - 24." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouchet & Danrigal 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) plainly show the zooids as having usually a small tubercle in each proximolateral corner of the cryptocyst and no median process (d’Hondt 2006). Despite the fact that numerous authors during the past 100 years have attributed species with a median cryptocystal process to Audouin’s species, nothing precisely resembling Savigny’s illustrated material has turned up, although, if specimens of our new species were to be found with paired cryptocystal tubercles, then it could be considered as a candidate for synonymy with
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480B51E60EFA61AF7E" box="[1151,1436,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480B51E60EFABFAF7E" box="[1151,1346,1894,1919]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="savartii" subSpecies="sensu">
|
||
B. savartii
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578CAE2FB9480A2FE60EFABFAF7E" box="[1281,1346,1894,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
At present,
|
||
<emphasis id="B940EAF7AE2FB9480E0FE6E4FE31AFA4" box="[289,460,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C344D66AE2FB9480E0FE6E4FE60AFA4" box="[289,413,1932,1957]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="savartii">B. savartii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273578CAE2FB9480E8BE6E4FE31AFA4" box="[421,460,1932,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
remains inadequately characterized and all species with a well-developed median process must be considered as belonging to some other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |