319 lines
40 KiB
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319 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="0792342223795261C409F540173F4402" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad104" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248861" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1716362955007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lavrov, Andrey, Ekimova, Irina, Schepetov, Dimitry, Koinova, Alexandra & Ereskovsky, Alexander" docDate="2024" docId="039D223DFFB8FFEAFEECFC7666E2F84A" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad104.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Leucosolenia Bowerbank" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="901" masterDocId="FFA45A45FFA0FFF3FFB6FF80673CFFE4" masterDocTitle="The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="914" masterPageNumber="876" pageNumber="900" updateTime="1716414457651" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8711C7FACC991A0A10931472F02CEA06">The complex case of the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia complicata % Porifera: Calcarea): hidden diversity in Boreal and Arctic regions with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BE653990D56BCC55ABDF440C3DBE63F">Lavrov, Andrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6CCA736D9DCE66891094C733CC397F8F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F927D0612E1F06CB400914EF876751B7">Ekimova, Irina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="998ED9C877299595945BF8CB74A421F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6A9F7FDEF30000ECF7EE0628EB3D8BA1">Schepetov, Dimitry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B29FF7374E32C96DCCD898F8076BFFD">Koinova, Alexandra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8891FEEA51691ED1616BF121F602FF87" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AF1CA3777B1138C8E2F73E06EFEDB9AD">Ereskovsky, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ABB30B5C19A918065CBB13EDC6602589">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1CAFBDA4077C7045E9C98B5A4145FDAB">
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<mods:date id="7002A13FA2098760B00FA6154AA99CE1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CB776ECE1517F7478B6C0A655583C66B">2023-10-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2272A6689DB3038A0AE4D6B5C86D69A7">200</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="06EDD87CEDEDA5C39EA6A9704F2675DA" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad104</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8EB7DDF65D9A7EADB9400DDD9727F039" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25610A3AD80F48A7EA0D8510012B9157" type="Zenodo-Dep">11248861</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D223DFFB8FFEAFEECFC7666E2F84A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D223DFFB8FFEAFEECFC7666E2F84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D223DFFB8FFEAFEECFC7666E2F84A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="901" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFEECFC76652EFBF5" box="[346,530,1014,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFEECFC76652EFBF5" blockId="24.[346,530,1014,1041]" box="[346,530,1014,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<heading id="D0C32447FFB8FFEBFEECFC76652EFBF5" box="[346,530,1014,1041]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFEECFC76652EFBF5" ID-CoL="84PNX" authority="Bowerbank, 1864" authorityName="Bowerbank" box="[346,530,1014,1041]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFEECFC76652EFBF5" bold="true" box="[346,530,1014,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFEECFC7666E7FBF5" bold="true" box="[346,475,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
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sp. A
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFEF0FBB5651AFBAB" box="[326,550,1077,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFEF0FBB5651AFBAB" blockId="24.[326,550,1077,1104]" box="[326,550,1077,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<heading id="D0C32447FFB8FFEBFEF0FBB5651AFBAB" box="[326,550,1077,1104]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFEF0FBB5651AFBAB" bold="true" box="[326,550,1077,1104]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFEE7FBB566A0FBAB" box="[337,412,1077,1103]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFE10FBB566FEFBAB" box="[422,450,1077,1103]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">18</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFE78FBB66527FBB4" box="[462,539,1078,1104]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFFC7FBF666D9FACF" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFFC7FBF666D9FACF" blockId="24.[113,763,1142,1323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFFC7FBF66626FB6A" box="[113,282,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Material studied:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB8FFEBFE95FBF666EEFB6A" box="[291,466,1142,1166]" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
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. Molecular data—
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<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB8FFEBFD25FBF66786FB49" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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%WS11692* WS11752* WS11770)* external morphology—
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<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB8FFEBFF70FB356649FB29" box="[198,373,1205,1229]" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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%WS11692* WS11752* WS11770)
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<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFD46FB3567FAFB08" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
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organization—
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<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB8FFEBFEDCFB54653DFB08" box="[362,513,1236,1260]" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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%WS11752* WS11770)* spicules %SEM)—
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<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB8FFEBFE88FB7366DAFAEF" box="[318,486,1267,1291]" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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%WS11692* WS11770) %Supporting Information* Table S1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFFC7FACC6243FA82" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFFC7FACC658FFA05" blockId="24.[113,763,1356,1505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFFC7FACC667AFA80" box="[113,326,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">External morphology:</emphasis>
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Studied specimens small in size. Length of cormus up to
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<quantity id="4CCC3ECEFFB8FFEBFF4DFAEB6613FA67" box="[251,303,1387,1411]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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. Cormus represented by compact reticulation of tubes* from which several oscular tubes arising. Oscular tubes erect and almost straight. Surface minutely hispid. Coloration of living and preserved specimens greyish white %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFDFAFA49659EFA05" box="[588,674,1481,1505]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFFC7F9836667F912" blockId="24.[113,763,1539,1908]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFFC7F98367FAF9FF" box="[113,198,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Spicules:</emphasis>
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Diactines %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFEF0F98366B6F9FF" box="[326,394,1539,1563]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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A-C). Two populations: %i) curved* spiny* lanceolate diactines %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFE22F9A266D7F9DE" box="[404,491,1570,1594]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
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)* mean length 189.1 µm* mean width 7.2 µm %
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<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFEE1F9C1669AF9BD" box="[343,422,1601,1625]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
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)* small* from almost straight to slightly curved and undulating* with lanceolate and spiny outer tip* spines in distinct rows %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFE1CF900653BF97C" box="[426,519,1664,1688]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
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); %ii) curved* smooth diactines %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFF69F91F660BF953" box="[223,311,1695,1719]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
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)* mean length 515.0 µm* mean width 11.6 µm %
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<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFF15F93E67D1F932" box="[163,237,1726,1750]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
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)* rare* long* slightly curved* without spines and lanceolate tips %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFF42F95E6676F912" box="[244,330,1758,1782]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFF3BF97D65C6F890" blockId="24.[113,763,1539,1908]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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Triactines %
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<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFEBEF97D6659F8F1" box="[264,357,1789,1813]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
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* E). Predominantly T-shaped* sagittal %mean angle 146.5°) %
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<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFED4F89C668EF8D0" box="[354,434,1820,1844]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
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). Unpaired actines variable in size: equal to* shorter* or longer than paired actines* but shorter unpaired actines most common %mean length: 118.5 µm—un-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFFC7F8FA63A6FD18" blockId="24.[113,763,1914,1970]" lastBlockId="24.[810,1459,677,1014]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
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||
paired* 125.1 µm—paired) %
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<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFE16F8FA66D3F876" box="[416,495,1914,1938]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). Both straight and bent paired actines common. Abnormal triactines in high numbers %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFC83FD2564B5FD59" box="[821,905,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||
)* sometimes with undulated actines. Unpaired actines usually slightly slender than paired %mean width: 11.1 µm—unpaired* 11.6 µm—paired) %
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFB88FD6463B5FD1F" box="[1086,1161,740,764]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFCF3FC836208FC12" blockId="24.[810,1459,677,1014]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
Tetractines %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFC7CFC83631DFCFF" box="[970,1057,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="26.[113,178,891,915]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetId="figure-229@26.[146,1426,144,864]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 18. Leucosolenia sp. A spicule types* scanning electron microscopy. A* curved smooth diactines; B* curved spiny lanceolate diactines triactines; C* tips of diactines* I and II refer to the zones marked on A and B* white arrowheads mark spines; D* triactines; E* abnormal triactines; F* tetractine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248935/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Quite rare. Predominantly T-shaped %mean angle 140.8°) %
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFBBFFCA2636FFCDE" box="[1033,1107,802,826]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
)* variable in size. Unpaired actines equal to paired ones %mean length: 114.3 µm—unpaired* 113.2 µm—paired* 30.0 µm—apical) %
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFB38FCE163DDFC9D" box="[1166,1249,865,889]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). Unpaired actines straight* paired actines straight or undulating* apical actines curved or undulating* smooth. Paired and unpaired actines equal in width* apical actine more slender %mean width: 8.6 µm—unpaired* 8.5 µm—paired* 7.1 µm—apical) %
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B6A690FFB8FFEBFB6FFC5E6218FC12" box="[1241,1316,990,1014]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="26.[113,168,1006,1030]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Table 7. ºpicule dimensions of Leucosolenia sp. A." pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CFB98632EFACE" blockId="24.[810,1459,1048,1322]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CFB9864BFFBD4" box="[810,899,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFC9CFB986441FBD4" box="[810,893,1048,1072]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">Skeleton</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Skeleton of both oscular rim and cormus tubes predominantly formed by triactines* tetractines rare %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFA9AFBB762BFFBAB" box="[1324,1411,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
* D). In oscular tubes* spicules constitute organized array with their unpaired actines directed toward cormus and oriented more or less in parallel to proximo-distal axis of oscular tube %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFAFDFB15629EFB49" box="[1355,1442,1173,1197]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cormus tubes spicule array completely disordered %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFAFDFB34629EFB28" box="[1355,1442,1204,1228]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prominent oscular crown absent %
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F8FAEFFB8FFEBFB39FB5463D9FB08" box="[1167,1253,1236,1260]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-290@25.[129,1473,145,1258]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 17. Leucosolenia sp. A external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %Wº11752); B* skeleton of oscular rim %Wº11770); C* skeleton of oscular tube %Wº11770); D* skeleton of cormus %Wº11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both populations of diactines cover tubes’ surface* orienting in different directions and extending outside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2BB8AC0FFB8FFEBFC9CFACE64CEFA04" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CFACE6243FA82" blockId="24.[810,1407,1358,1382]" box="[810,1407,1358,1382]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<heading id="D0C32447FFB8FFEBFC9CFACE6243FA82" box="[810,1407,1358,1382]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CFACE64B4FA82" box="[810,904,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Cytology:</emphasis>
|
||
No material was available for cytological studies.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFC9CFA0964CEFA04" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CFA0964CEFA04" blockId="24.[810,1459,1417,1504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CFA096494FA45" box="[810,936,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Arctic species. Molecular identity confirmed only for the White Sea and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F323D3BBFFB8FFEBFBBBFA286340FA24" box="[1037,1148,1448,1472]" name="Greenland" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Found subtidal up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC3ECEFFB8FFEBFAE9FA2862AFFA24" box="[1375,1427,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
on rocks and red algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2BB8AC0FFB8FFEBFC9CF983628FF84B" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEBFC9CF983628EF9FF" box="[810,1458,1539,1563]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CF983628EF9FF" blockId="24.[810,1458,1539,1563]" box="[810,1458,1539,1563]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<heading id="D0C32447FFB8FFEBFC9CF983628EF9FF" box="[810,1458,1539,1563]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CF9836488F9FF" box="[810,948,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Reproduction:</emphasis>
|
||
No data about reproduction time for this species.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32EC0A0FFB8FFEAFC9CF9BE66E2F84A" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="901" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CF9BE6288F894" blockId="24.[810,1460,1598,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CF9BE64B4F9B2" box="[810,904,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Although both our species’ delimitation analysis based on the
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC0CF9DE64E7F992" box="[954,987,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">H3</emphasis>
|
||
dataset and morphological data suggest that this species represents a distinct species-level unit* we avoid describing a new species as this case requires additional studies for several reasons.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFC44F93C639AF930" box="[1010,1190,1724,1748]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC44F93C6353F930" box="[1010,1135,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares some features with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFC9CF95B6310F917" box="[810,1068,1755,1779]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CF95B6310F917" box="[810,1068,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Leucosolenia corallorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: %i) the external appearance is similar* %ii) the angle between unpaired actines in tri- and tetractines is similar %the mean angle is 142.9° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFB57F89A62BCF8D5" box="[1249,1408,1817,1841]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFB57F89A62BCF8D5" box="[1249,1408,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">L. corallorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 146.5° in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFC26F8B96377F8B5" box="[912,1099,1849,1873]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC26F8B96331F8B5" box="[912,1037,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)* and %iii) the unpaired actines in tri- and tetractines are commonly shorter than the paired ones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB8FFEBFC9CF8F8628FF84B" blockId="24.[810,1459,1911,1967]" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">
|
||
However* these two species show several differences. Firstly*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB8FFEBFC9CF81764DCF84B" box="[810,992,1943,1967]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="24" pageNumber="900" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB8FFEBFC9CF817649BF84B" box="[810,935,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="900">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two populations of diactines* the smaller
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2BB8AC0FFB9FFEAFBE5FFCA66E2F84A" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB9FFEAFBE5FFCA62FEFFBB" blockId="25.[1107,1474,74,96]" box="[1107,1474,74,96]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<heading id="D0C32447FFB9FFEAFBE5FFCA62FEFFBB" box="[1107,1474,74,96]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" reason="2">
|
||
Boreal and Arctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFB45FFCA625CFFBB" box="[1267,1376,74,95]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFB45FFCA625CFFBB" box="[1267,1376,74,95]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFACAFFCB62FEFFBB" bold="true" box="[1404,1474,74,96]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">• 901</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4BC3A3FFB9FFEAFF37FA866679FAB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11248931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11248931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11248931/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" startId="25.[129,194,1286,1310]" targetBox="[129,1472,145,1258]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB9FFEAFF37FA866679FAB2" blockId="25.[129,1462,1286,1366]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFF37FA8667D9FAFA" bold="true" box="[129,229,1286,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFF5FFA8666B3FAFA" box="[233,399,1286,1310]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFF5FFA866660FAFA" box="[233,348,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
external morphology and skeleton. A* general morphology %WS11752); B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFBFCFA866399FAFA" box="[1098,1189,1286,1310]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
|
||
of oscular rim %WS11770);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFF37FAA267D6FADE" box="[129,234,1314,1338]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">C* skeleton</taxonomicName>
|
||
of oscular tube %WS11770); D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFDBBFAA26554FADE" box="[525,616,1314,1338]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="skeleton">* skeleton</taxonomicName>
|
||
of cormus %WS11752). Abbreviations: c* cormus; d* diverticulum; o* osculum; or* oscular rim; ot* oscular tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B932BFFB9FFEAFF37FA2166E2F84A" blockId="25.[129,777,1441,1903]" lastBlockId="25.[129,777,1910,1966]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">
|
||
with lanceolate tips and the rare* large* curved* smooth* non-lanceolate diactines* whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFE6EFA416549FA3C" box="[472,629,1472,1496]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFE6EFA416549FA3C" box="[472,629,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">L. corallorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only the first
|
||
<typeStatus id="548F2D89FFB9FFEAFF37FA606793FA1C" box="[129,175,1504,1528]" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is present. Also* the tetractines are rare in both the cormus and oscular regions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFEC7FA7F6514F9F3" box="[369,552,1535,1559]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFEC7FA7F66D2F9F3" box="[369,494,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* while they are commonly present in the osculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFE54F99F6542F9D2" box="[482,638,1566,1590]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFE54F99F6542F9D2" box="[482,638,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">L. corallorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFD3AF99E6785F9B1" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFD3AF99E6435F9D2" box="[652,777,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly has triactines with bent* unpaired actines* which are straight in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFEE0F9DD66C9F991" box="[342,501,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFEE0F9DD66CDF991" box="[342,497,1629,1653]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">L. corallorrhiza</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Finally* the mean length of actines in tri- and tetractines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFE79F9FD6556F970" box="[463,618,1660,1684]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFE79F9FD6556F970" box="[463,618,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">L. corallorrhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shorter than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFF61F91B66B6F957" box="[215,394,1691,1715]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFF61F91B6668F957" box="[215,340,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
%
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFE2CF91C6506F957" box="[410,570,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFE2CF91C6509F957" box="[410,565,1691,1715]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corallorrhiza">L. corallorrhiza</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
70.5 µm—unpaired actines mean length* 82.7 µm—paired actine mean length;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFF37F95A6678F916" box="[129,324,1754,1778]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFF37F95A67C2F916" box="[129,254,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 118.5 µm—unpaired mean length* 125.1 µm—paired mean length). At the same time* the limited material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C34E8A8FFB9FFEAFF62F89866B4F8D5" box="[212,392,1816,1841]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9404F39FFB9FFEAFF62F898666DF8D4" box="[212,337,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="901">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
%only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3258A2FFB9FFEAFE7CF898654DF8D4" box="[458,625,1816,1840]" count="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="901" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected and studied) does not allow us to study the possible interspecific variation and ontogenetic variation. Therefore* we avoid the designation of this species as a distinct one* until more material would be available for study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |