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<mods:title id="FA7D4A230CC4518C2BC901A96B842B8C">Morphological distinction of species of Thrichomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) through ontogeny of cranial and dental characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2618C003E113C4A0CCF03E1848966323">Neves, Antonio Carlos Da S. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D65352074E20A2C709E0168B538D5D50">Pessôa, Leila Maria</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C334D6BFFCEFFD97C8F75E5FE58F92E" ID-CoL="56LT3" box="[151,394,1734,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B947EAFAFFCEFFD97C8F75E5FE58F92E" bold="true" box="[151,394,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Thrichomys inermis</emphasis>
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Nine ages were described for the sample from Morro do Chapéu, identified as 
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<emphasis id="B947EAFAFFCEFFD9781F742DFBA5F8EB" box="[1031,1143,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">T. inermis</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFCEFFD9789E742EFB13F8EB" box="[1158,1217,1805,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1158,1181]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wear pattern of superior cheekteeth of Thrichomys inermis in sequence of age groups described from younger (A) to older (I). Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Fig 3</figureCitation>
.A–I). 
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expected, the wear of the occlusal surface of cheekteeth varies considerably during ontogeny. Juveniles (ags 1, 2 and 3) show premolar, first and second molar erupted (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFCEFFD97E757476FD7BF8A3" box="[621,681,1877,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1158,1181]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wear pattern of superior cheekteeth of Thrichomys inermis in sequence of age groups described from younger (A) to older (I). Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Fig 3</figureCitation>
.A). Sub-adults (ages 4 and 5) have already erupted the third molar. The first flexus of first and second molars look like islands. The first flexus of second and third molar are connected to hypoflexi (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFCEFFD97D9874BEFE6FF87B" box="[384,445,1949,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1158,1181]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wear pattern of superior cheekteeth of Thrichomys inermis in sequence of age groups described from younger (A) to older (I). Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Fig 3</figureCitation>
.E). Adults, ages 6 and 7, which show the suture between basisphenoid and basiocciptal obliterated, present signals of wear of occlusal surface of cheekteeth. Both flexi of premolar and first molar are enamel islands (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFC9FFDE7D4873B4FE5CFF61" box="[336,398,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1158,1181]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wear pattern of superior cheekteeth of Thrichomys inermis in sequence of age groups described from younger (A) to older (I). Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277072/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig 3</figureCitation>
.G). Seniles (ages 8 and 9) show all cheekteeth severely worn, with all flexi isolated from labial surface. The hypoflexi of pre-molar, first and second molars are enamel islands (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFC9FFDE786E739FFB6EFF1A" box="[1142,1212,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1158,1181]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1316,193,1137]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wear pattern of superior cheekteeth of Thrichomys inermis in sequence of age groups described from younger (A) to older (I). Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277072/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<date id="FF8D1028FFC9FFDE78B4739FFB6EFF1A" box="[1196,1212,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">3</date>
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.I). Some aspects of skull did not vary through ontogeny, as the extension of supra-orbital ridge, which always reaches the suture between frontal and squamosal; interpremaxilar foramen is broad and rounded; the incisive foramen has a contrition in the suture between the maxilla and pre-maxilla (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFC9FFDE7F0E7204FC85FEF1" box="[790,855,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,680,703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,193,658]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1383,193,659]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. The shapes of interpremaxilar foramina (above) and incisive foramina of: (A) Thrichomys laurentius, (B) T. pachyurus and (C) T. inermis. Scale bar is 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig 4</figureCitation>
.C); anterior palatal foramen are located at anterior margin of pre-molar; the hamular processes of pterygoid bones are rectangular, but narrow in tip (
<figureCitation id="13082A6DFFC9FFDE7919726FFA92FEAA" box="[1281,1344,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1288,1311]" captionTargetBox="[270,1316,783,1267]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[270,1316,783,1267]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. The shapes of the hamular processes of: (A) Thrichomys laurentius, (B) T. pachyurus and (C) T. inermis. Scale bar is 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277074/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig 5</figureCitation>
.C); and mesopterygoid fossa has a &quot;V&quot;-shape. Dorsally, nasal bones reach the limit of pre-maxilla only at age 2. The supraorbital crest does not extend to suture between frontal and squamosal bones only at age 1. The ventral crest of infra-orbital foramen, poorly developed, is located after the edge of foramen infra-orbital at ages 1 and 2. At ages 3, 4 and 5 the ventral crest is partially located before the edge of foramen infra-orbital. At other ages the ventral crest is located before the edge of foramen infra-orbital. The post-orbital process of zygomatic arch is formed mainly by squamosal in juveniles, adults and seniles. Sub-adults at age 4, jugal and squamosal have equal participation in formation of this process and at age 5 only jugal form the process. The pre-maxillary portion of septum of incisive foramen, in juveniles, exceeds half of length of foramen. From sub-adults, the pre-maxillary portion is half of length of foramen. The palate reaches the posterior limit of the last molar erupted. The median crest of palate, well developed, separates the anterior palatine foramens which are located before the pre-molar, near to incisive foramen. The posterior palatine foramen is located at posterior margin of palate. Juveniles and sub-adults have the mesopterygoid fossa extending to medial portion of second molar. From adults, the mesopterygoid fossa extends up to half of third molar.
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