1263 lines
143 KiB
XML
1263 lines
143 KiB
XML
<document id="EA3DAAAB90CDE1DFE562DCD534B8F5F3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179969" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94b07db9-e7a7-4eb8-b807-97a653a53735" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179969" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460021015386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehr, Edgar, Pramuk, Jennifer B., Hedges, Blair & Córdova, Jesús H." docDate="2007" docId="039A87E6023AB33FCA8BF9E38071F95D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01662p014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1662" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhinella yanachaga Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges & Córdova, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFA3FF9E023BB335CA1CFFB98574FFFF" masterDocTitle="A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698233754242" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9CAAA7576DC387843D02D956672D2CA7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3447B291CF9C43AD5F5B15D55EB3DC21">
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<mods:title id="5E47E046C0AD659B760BC31077D3D5B8">A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="29137F9FDC84F8160E6FB70DEA10E57C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A467A0C3138E6E62B801F4C6E9AA565">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F5D4805156D2B94424CA1B936D1C82EE">Lehr, Edgar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="50EEB33FC65965BB246D325CB65ACCB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="729CC45991CA2D5716E87CDD3781B3FE">Pramuk, Jennifer B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="889DF100A61086861A3A81AD7156B063" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BEB19777863149FD86E4D80052CB94A9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DB4949E0BDD50E6264C573FA2F0431B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2E32B8941231B839A2B62FE0F40B3737">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1D49D0F58E9DE20308E6C797BC04178D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FBF75C2C47747A8F702A533C41A5C91C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BDA24077F8D68A1C52C9ABAF50ABA2D5">Córdova, Jesús H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BA2C0EA1CB26C6468209DAD3B717745A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6A06CC4A61EA39DE0E34D2334FFD2DFE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="02A2434DF1C604FD8CE51BC848273614">
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<mods:date id="8833A9F126C3A3CC50F86B513E49081B">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E9E12A210182D67F1A667D3A012464B1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FE223FB5BD280AF1E5BE6DDBBA1B32C8">1662</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F33D9390C1F750E17801CC5C57553E6C">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="68FF89558300CC350624704EBA5FD939">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F24EE0FA61BFCE4B9D4350F5D62A06E1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179969</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F8B542131CCA94DF8E0DDB9A508C31C7" type="GBIF-Dataset">94b07db9-e7a7-4eb8-b807-97a653a53735</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABE30446679131D962017D44BE52B43A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B5856B4EC6BFCFE24F4C72202A336B4A" type="Zenodo-Dep">179969</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039A87E6023AB33FCA8BF9E38071F95D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625810" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87E6023AB33FCA8BF9E38071F95D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87E6023AB33FCA8BF9E38071F95D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C329657B023AB334CA8BF9E38755F98B" box="[151,545,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023AB334CA8BF9E38755F98B" blockId="1.[151,545,1626,1652]" box="[151,545,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0C4819C023AB334CA8BF9E38755F98B" bold="true" box="[151,545,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023AB334CA8BF9E38755F98B" bold="true" box="[151,545,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023AB334CA8BF9E384FEF98B" ID-CoL="4S7Q9" box="[151,394,1626,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023AB334CA8BF9E384FEF98B" bold="true" box="[151,394,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2745799023AB334CB8EF9E38755F98B" box="[402,545,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329657B023AB337CA8BF91C863CFC4A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023AB334CA8BF91C87C1F8C8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1701,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023AB334CA8BF91C8466F940" bold="true" box="[151,274,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023AB334CA8BF91C847AF940" box="[151,270,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334CB05F91C84FCF940" box="[281,392,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
19994 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023AB334CBF4F91C875FF940" box="[488,555,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,779,803]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,191,778]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[161,1446,147,778]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of male Rhinella yanachaga (MHNSM 19994, holotype, SVL 38.4 mm). Photos by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179970/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), an adult male from Provincia de Pasco, Departamento de Pasco, National Park Yanachaga-Chemillén, W side of the Cordillera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023AB334C916F97486FDF918" box="[778,905,1741,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
near Río San Alberto (=
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023AB334CEAFF9748070F918" box="[1203,1284,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="2.9">2.9 km</quantity>
|
||
N,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023AB334CF2CF97480F7F918" box="[1328,1411,1741,1767]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5 km</quantity>
|
||
E [airline] Oxapampa), ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023AB334CBA0F94C8483F8F0" box="[444,503,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
N,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023AB334C83EF94C871FF8F0" box="[546,619,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
E. Oxapampa by road on trail,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023AB334C9C7F94C8140F8F0" box="[987,1076,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3247660023AB334CEA8F94C8199F8F0" box="[1204,1261,1781,1807]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, obtained by J. Icochea on an unknown date in the late 1990s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023AB334CADBF8FC81E1F828" blockId="1.[151,1436,1701,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023AB334CADBF8FC843AF8A0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1861,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023AB334CADBF8FC843DF8A0" box="[199,329,1861,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
29, all from Provincia de Pasco, Departamento de Pasco, Cordillera de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023AB334CEB4F8FC805FF8A0" box="[1192,1323,1861,1887]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3247660023AB334CF24F8FC8006F8A0" box="[1336,1394,1861,1887]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD79023AB334CF63F8FC8586F878" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334CB18F8D48401F878" box="[260,373,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
24510–17, 24519–22,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334C891F8D487BAF878" box="[653,718,1901,1927]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4j3t-w40g" name="Museum of Zoology Senckenberg Dresden" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MTD</collectionCode>
|
||
46896–97), two males (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334C9EBF8D4811CF878" box="[1015,1128,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
24509,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334CED2F8D4807BF878" box="[1230,1295,1901,1927]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4j3t-w40g" name="Museum of Zoology Senckenberg Dresden" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MTD</collectionCode>
|
||
46895);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D35FD79023AB334CF63F8D48475F850" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="juvenile">12 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334CB0EF82C84F7F850" box="[274,387,1941,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MHNSM</collectionCode>
|
||
24518, 24523–30,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334C870F82C87D9F850" box="[620,685,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4j3t-w40g" name="Museum of Zoology Senckenberg Dresden" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MTD</collectionCode>
|
||
46898–200), all collected by J. Icochea; one juvenile (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE35023AB334CF5EF82C80E8F850" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[1346,1436,1941,1967]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
27069) collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023AB334CBB6F80484A8F828" box="[426,476,1981,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality between
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023AB334C8B0F80486BCF828" box="[684,968,1981,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1987-06-29" valueMax="1987-07-01" valueMin="1987-06-29">29 June and 1 July 1987</date>
|
||
by S. B. Hedges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C66780239B337CA8BFCB28429FCBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179970/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[161,1424,191,778]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00239B337CA8BFCB28429FCBD" blockId="2.[151,1436,779,834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CA8BFCB2846DFCDC" bold="true" box="[151,281,779,803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337C8FCFCB286C2FCDD" box="[736,950,779,802]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337C8FCFCB286C2FCDD" box="[736,950,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNSM 19994, holotype, SVL 38.4 mm). Photos by E. Lehr.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00239B337CADBFCCA863CFC4A" blockId="2.[151,1436,883,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CADBFCCA84BEFC72" bold="true" box="[199,458,883,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
two (USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300239B337C88AFCCA8786FC72" box="[662,754,883,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="96-10-17">171096</date>
|
||
: adult male,
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300239B337C98DFCCA8699FC72" box="[913,1005,883,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="95-10-17">171095</date>
|
||
: adult female) collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548888520239B337CF75FCCA80E8FC72" box="[1385,1436,883,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality between
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300239B337CB43FC22870FFC4A" box="[351,635,923,949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1987-06-29" valueMax="1987-07-01" valueMin="1987-06-29">29 June and 1 July 1987</date>
|
||
by S. B. Hedges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329657B0239B336CADAFC7A85B4FDBD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00239B337CADAFC7A84BDFAE2" blockId="2.[151,1436,883,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CADAFC7A8432FC22" bold="true" box="[198,326,963,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A medium-sized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337C886FC7D8789FC22" box="[666,765,964,989]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337C886FC7D8789FC22" box="[666,765,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attaining a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150239B337CE70FC7A81A2FC22" box="[1132,1238,963,989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult females (MHNSM 24510). The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) canthus rostralis distinct, orbitotympanic and postorbital crests weak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750239B337CE43FBAA81DDFBD2" box="[1119,1193,1043,1069]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[294,1282,1356,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[286,1301,1342,1818]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head of holotype of Rhinella yanachaga. Gray indicates tympanum. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179971/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); prominent vertical keel on snout (2) tympanum distinct, oval; (3) parotoid glands moderately large (about same size as ED), subtriangular, not contacting eye; (4) numerous small, tubercles (keratin-tipped in males) scattered on dorsal surfaces of body; (5) forearm moderately long, slim in females, hypertrophied in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750239B337CEAFFB32818AFB5A" box="[1203,1278,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1326,562,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510) R. yanachaga. Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C – D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); (6) weakly defined dorsolateral row of slightly enlarged, conical tubercles; (7) tarsal fold absent; (8) webbing on hands and feet fleshy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750239B337CB44FB6284D5FB0A" box="[344,417,1243,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[487,1109,202,710]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[478,1109,194,718]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of left hand (A) and left foot (B) of holotype of Rhinella yanachaga. Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. B. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179973/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); (9) first finger shorter than second; (10) males with vocal slits and small keratinous spines on Fingers I and II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C66780239B337CA8BF8A38408F8AC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179971/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[294,1282,1356,1818]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00239B337CA8BF8A38408F8AC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1818,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CA8BF8A3846FF8CD" bold="true" box="[151,283,1818,1842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337C988F8A38119F8CE" box="[916,1133,1818,1841]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337C988F8A38119F8CE" box="[916,1133,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gray indicates tympanum. Drawings by E. Lehr.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00239B337CADBF83E80E8F80E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1927,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
We assign
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337CB5BF8318740F85E" box="[327,564,1928,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CB5BF8318740F85E" box="[327,564,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tentatively to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337C910F83186ECF85E" box="[780,920,1928,1953]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337C910F83186ECF85E" box="[780,920,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010239B337CE22F83E80EFF85E" author="Duellman" box="[1086,1435,1927,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Schulte, R. (1992). Description of a new species of Bufo from northern Peru with comments on phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Copeia, 1992, 162 - 172." type="journal article" year="1992">Duellman and Schulte (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on its distribution and morphological similarities to species in that group. Two species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337CF39F80985C2F80E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CF39F80985C2F80E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group are known from cloud forests of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32476600239B337C914F86E864AF80E" box="[776,830,2007,2033]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750239B337C94EF86E86EDF80E" box="[850,921,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[153,257,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[295,1274,862,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[222,1365,836,1749]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map (changed after Lehr et al. 2005) illustrating the type localities of Rhinella yanachaga (Nationalpark Yanachaga-Chemillén, indicated by a star), R. chavin (Palma Pampa, indicated by an open square), R. multiverrucosa (Auquimarca, indicated by a triangle), and R. manu (Valle de Kosñipata, indicated by a solid square)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179974/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337C9DEF861810AF80E" box="[962,1150,2008,2033]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337C9DEF861810AF80E" box="[962,1150,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Rhinella chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20239B337CEA3F86180E8F80E" box="[1215,1436,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730239B337CEA3F86180ECF80E" box="[1215,1432,2008,2033]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">R. multiverrucosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00238B336CA8BFF2185B4FDBD" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CA8BFF2184F6FF4E" box="[151,386,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CA8BFF2184F6FF4E" box="[151,386,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from both by being smaller (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150238B336CE80FF218071FF4D" box="[1180,1285,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150238B336CF28FF2180E8FF4D" box="[1332,1436,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.49" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="64.9">64.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CAA8FF79845DFF26" box="[180,297,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CAA8FF798451FF26" box="[180,293,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150238B336CB2CFF7984E3FF25" box="[304,407,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.89" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="68.9">68.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CBA0FF7987F9FF26" box="[444,653,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CBA0FF7987F9FF26" box="[444,653,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by having long, relatively slender extremities with enlarged, conical tubercles (short, stout, with large, flat, elongate warts). Males of
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C9FFFF518037FEFE" box="[995,1347,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C9FFFF51812CFEFE" box="[995,1112,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CE7BFF51804BFEFE" box="[1127,1343,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">R. multiverrucosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CF9FFF51846CFED6" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CF9FFF51846CFED6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have keratinous nuptial pads on Fingers I and II, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C9B8FEA9813CFED6" box="[932,1096,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C9B8FEA9813CFED6" box="[932,1096,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has vocal slits (absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CF9FFEA98598FEAE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CF9FFEA9859CFEAE" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CB36FE81848AFEAE" box="[298,510,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CB36FE81848AFEAE" box="[298,510,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and hypertrophied arms (not hypertrophied in
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CE21FE8181C1FEAE" box="[1085,1205,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CE21FE8181C5FEAE" box="[1085,1201,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CEE8FE8185B9FE86" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CEE8FE8185B9FE86" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other arboreal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C82CFED987E0FE86" box="[560,660,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C82CFED987E0FE86" box="[560,660,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C918FED9811CFE86" box="[772,1128,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C918FED9869CFE86" box="[772,1000,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arborescandens">R. arborescandens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C9E5FED98110FE86" box="[1017,1124,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">R. manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CEB1FED98050FE86" box="[1197,1316,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CEB1FED98050FE86" box="[1197,1316,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CF25FED9846CFE5E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CF25FED9846CFE5E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species by having, a tympanic membrane (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CE65FE318023FE5E" box="[1145,1367,392,417]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arborescandens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CE65FE318023FE5E" box="[1145,1367,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. arborescandens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and well developed webbing on hands and feet (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C916FE098691FE36" box="[778,997,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arborescandens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C916FE098691FE36" box="[778,997,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. arborescandens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C9E1FE09819DFE36" box="[1021,1257,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C9E1FE09819DFE36" box="[1021,1257,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336CF9FFE0985ACFE0E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CF9FFE0985ACFE0E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a tarsal fold (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C863FE618795FE0E" box="[639,737,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C863FE618795FE0E" box="[639,737,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by having parotoid glands about as large as eye diameter (larger), a tan venter with brown flecks (red with dark blotches), males with vocal slits (absent), and keratinious
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C66780238B336CA8BF83F86A0F81C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00238B336CA8BF83F86A0F81C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1926,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336CA8BF83F846EF861" bold="true" box="[151,282,1926,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510)
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20238B336C95FF81086A9F83F" box="[835,989,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730238B336C95FF81086ADF83F" box="[835,985,1961,1984]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">R. yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C–D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329657B023FB33FCADBFF2181FEFC2D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023FB331CADBFF2184CCFE35" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023FB331CADBFF2184C7FF4E" box="[199,435,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331CADBFF2184C7FF4E" box="[199,435,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023FB331C88CFF218675FF4E" box="[656,769,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331C88CFF218675FF4E" box="[656,769,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3247660023FB331C9A9FF21817FFF4D" box="[949,1035,152,178]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: both have long, slender extremities, snout with a vertical keel, and males with vocal slits, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023FB331C99BFF79815EFF26" box="[903,1066,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331C99BFF79815EFF26" box="[903,1066,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023FB331CF74FF7985B1FEFD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023FB331CAE4FF518416FEFD" box="[248,354,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023FB331CB97FF518489FEFE" box="[395,509,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331CB97FF518489FEFE" box="[395,509,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), has weakly defined dorsolateral rows of slightly enlarged, conical tubercles (dorsolateral row more prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023FB331C857FEA987C9FED6" box="[587,701,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331C857FEA987C9FED6" box="[587,701,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">R. tacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), enlarged tubercles on dorsal surfaces of tibia and tarsus, and outer ventrolateral surface of tarsus (extremities without enlarged tubercles), has webbing between Fingers I and II well developed (basal, almost absent), males with keratinous nuptial pads on Fingers I and II (restricted to Finger I), males with hypertrophied arms (arms not hypertrophied), iris olive brown or bronze with black reticulations (iris green).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023FB331CADBFE6E84F5FBDD" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023FB331CADBFE6E8752FE0E" bold="true" box="[199,550,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023FB331CBAFFE6E8755FE0E" box="[435,545,471,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body moderate to slender; head slightly broader than long; snout slightly pointed in dorsal profile, protruding in lateral profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023FB331C90BFDB98614FDE5" box="[791,864,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[294,1282,1356,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[286,1301,1342,1818]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head of holotype of Rhinella yanachaga. Gray indicates tympanum. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); snout with a distinct vertical keel, bearing two small, keratin-tipped tubercles; canthus rostralis more distinct anteriorly than posteriorly, covered with small tubercles each with single keratinized tip, conical in profile; orbitotympanic and postorbital crests distinct, covered with small keratin-tipped tubercles; dorsum of head flat, skin co-ossified with underlying cranial bones; interorbital distance greater than eyelid width; internarial area concave; nostrils protuberant, directed laterally; loreal region concave; lips rounded; small V-shaped notch at symphysis of upper jaw; oral ricti positioned at level of tympanum; tympanum diameter smaller than eye diameter; tympanic annulus a narrow rim anterolaterally, slightly covered by small tubercles on left side of head, dorsal and posteroventral margins indistinct, not in contact with parotoids or postorbital crests; skin on dorsum with numerous small, round, elevated tubercles, conical in profile, bearing single keratinized tip on anterior half of body; posterior half of dorsum less spinous and with larger tubercles than on anterior half of body; parotoid glands ovoid in dorsal view, subtriangular in dorsolateral view, longer than wide, widest posteriorly, slightly smaller than upper eyelid, descending onto side of head without contacting eye; upper eyelid with conical keratin-tipped tubercles, largest on outer margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023FB331CADBFB89872CF9AB" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Flanks with lower density of tubercles than dorsum, but with few, slightly enlarged tubercles (left side five tubercles, right side two tubercles) between arm and leg insertion, not forming a distinct dorsolateral fold; skin of throat, chest, and venter granular; granules on venter larger than those on chest and throat; ventrolateral row of enlarged tubercles absent; arms long, hypertrophied (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023FB331C994FB1186B8FB3D" box="[904,972,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1326,562,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510) R. yanachaga. Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C – D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); hands relatively large with long fingers; relative length of adpressed fingers 1 <2 <4 <3; webbing fleshy; webbing formula of fingers
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023FB331CF2AFB698599FAED" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I1–2II2– 3III3–3</date>
|
||
IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023FB331CB03FB418413FAED" box="[287,359,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[487,1109,202,710]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[478,1109,194,718]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of left hand (A) and left foot (B) of holotype of Rhinella yanachaga. Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. B. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A); lateral fringes broad; tips of digits terminating in indistinct discs; subarticular tubercles ovoid in ventral aspect, flat in profile; supernumerary tubercles numerous, about 25% as large as subarticular tubercles; palmar tubercle large and round, flat in profile, about four times size of thenar tubercle; thenar tubercle ovoid, round in profile; limbs long, slim; tibia length shorter than foot length; tarsal fold absent; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, flat in profile, twice and a half the size of outer metatarsal tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle ovoid, conical in profile; toes relatively long; relative length of adpressed toes 1 <2 <3 <5 <4; fleshy webbing; webbing formula of toes
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023FB331C8BFFA5387A6F9FB" box="[675,722,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I1–1</date>
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023FB331C8CEFA538668F9FB" box="[722,796,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1911-02-01">II1–11</date>
|
||
/2
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023FB331C929FA5386F9F9FB" box="[821,909,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1921-03-01">III1–21</date>
|
||
/2
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023FB331C9BBFA538682F9FB" box="[935,1014,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IV3–2</date>
|
||
-V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023FB331CE3BFA538100F9FB" box="[1063,1140,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[487,1109,202,710]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[478,1109,194,718]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of left hand (A) and left foot (B) of holotype of Rhinella yanachaga. Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. B. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B); broad lateral fringes present; subarticular tubercles ovoid in ventral aspect, flat in profile; supernumerary tubercles numerous about 35% as large as subarticular tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023FB331CADBF9DB8157F86B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Skin texture of dorsal surface of forearms as on dorsum; dorsal surface of tibia with enlarged tubercles (4– 6 times the size of tubercles on dorsum), ovoid in dorsal view, conical in profile; ventral surface and outer ventrolateral surface of tarsus with many enlarged round to ovoid tubercles, conical in profile; outer dorsolateral margin of foot with numerous enlarged round to ovoid tubercles; cloacal opening protuberant, directed ventrally near lower level of thighs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023FB331C823F8BB87F0F8E3" box="[575,644,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1326,562,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510) R. yanachaga. Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C – D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C); inguinal fat bodies absent; choanae small, ovoid; maxillary, premaxillary, mandibular, and vomerine teeth absent; tongue elongate, three times as long as wide, about equal in width throughout its length, free posteriorly for about two fifths its length; vocal slits nearly straight, located bilaterally at posterior half of mouth floor between tongue and margin of jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023FB331CADBF81B861BF81B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023FB331C81BF81B8706F843" box="[519,626,1954,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: SVL: 38.4; TL: 12.8; FL: 16.4; HL: 11.3; HW: 12.0; ED: 2.1; TY: 1.2; IOD: 3.6; EW: 2.5;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3247660023FB331CBAEF873849FF81B" box="[434,491,1994,2020]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IND</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 2.5; E–N: 2.8; PL: 4.0; PW: 2.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C6678023EB330CA8BFD5F8408FCDF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179973/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[487,1109,202,710]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023EB330CA8BFD5F8408FCDF" blockId="5.[151,1436,742,800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330CA8BFD5F846CFD01" bold="true" box="[151,280,742,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of left hand (A) and left foot (B) of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023EB330C9B2FD5E81F0FD01" box="[942,1156,743,766]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330C9B2FD5E81F0FD01" box="[942,1156,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. B. Pramuk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C6678023EB330CA85F96581B9F8C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179974/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[295,1274,862,1731]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023EB330CA85F96581B9F8C7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1756,1849]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330CA85F965846AF90B" bold="true" box="[153,286,1756,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Map (changed after Lehr
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330C821F965871AF90C" box="[573,622,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005) illustrating the type localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023EB330CE3BF965818BF90C" box="[1063,1279,1756,1779]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330CE3BF965818BF90C" box="[1063,1279,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nationalpark Yanachaga-Chemillén, indicated by a star),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023EB330C868F94687AEF8E9" box="[628,730,1791,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330C868F94687AEF8E9" box="[628,730,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Palma Pampa, indicated by an open square),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023EB330CEC7F94680EFF8E9" box="[1243,1435,1791,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330CEC7F94680EFF8E9" box="[1243,1435,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Auquimarca, indicated by a triangle), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023EB330C87EF89B87CEF8C6" box="[610,698,1826,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023EB330C87EF89B87CEF8C6" box="[610,698,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Valle de Kosñipata, indicated by a solid square).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023EB333CADBF8D5862FFEFD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1900,2006]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,698]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Coloration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023EB330CB70F8D584A7F879" box="[364,467,1900,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative: Dorsum brown, parotoids brownish orange; narrow tan middorsal stripe extending from snout to cloaca; broad, tan dorsolateral stripe on each side of flanks extending from parotoids to groin; flanks ventrolaterally with weakly defined broad, brown stripe beginning behind tympanum and extending to inguinal region; tympanum dark brown; upper lip cream with dark brown bar below eye, and below tympanum; throat, chest and venter tan with minute grayish-brown spots; ventral surfaces of hands and feet gray. Coloration of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023DB333C830FF5187E7FEFD" box="[556,659,232,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023DB333CADBFEB68746FD45" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,698]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023DB333CADBFEB68430FED6" bold="true" box="[199,324,271,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Descriptions of coloration in life for an adult male, adult female, and a juvenile are based on field notes by S. B. Hedges: The adult male (USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023DB333C924FE8186E7FEAD" box="[824,915,312,338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="96-10-17">171096</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023DB333C9BDFE81869CFEAD" box="[929,1000,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[253,1309,771,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[217,1369,740,1461]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male Rhinella yanachaga (USNMFS 171096) in life. Photo by S. B. Hedges." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179975/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) was very dark brown dorsally with small, irregular, green spots and markings; most situated just above the dorsolateral row of tubercles and with one large green blotch on the right side just behind the parotoid glands. The sides (below dorsolateral row of tubercles) were reddish brown and the upper lip was reddish brown with green flecks. The ventral surface was orange brown and had small green spots on the chin, darker brown flecks on the belly, and very dark brown or black markings under the limbs. The iris was olive brown. The female (USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023DB333CE6CFDB981BEFDE5" box="[1136,1226,512,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="95-10-17">171095</date>
|
||
) was tan dorsally with light brown markings. The narrow middorsal stripe was yellowish with small irregular black markings on each side. The sides were dark brown with a greenish spot posterior to the tympanum and above the axillary region. The ventral surface was mottled with brown (reddish brown on chest) and had a faint yellowish midventral line. The eyes were bronze.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C6678023DB333CA8BFA75812DFA1B" box="[151,1113,1484,1508]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179975/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[253,1309,771,1417]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023DB333CA8BFA75812DFA1B" blockId="6.[151,1113,1484,1508]" box="[151,1113,1484,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023DB333CA8BFA75846EFA1B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1484,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023DB333CB41FA748747FA1B" box="[349,563,1485,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023DB333CB41FA748747FA1B" box="[349,563,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNMFS 171096) in life. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023DB333CADBF9A18609F905" blockId="6.[151,1437,1560,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023DB333CAE1F9A18444F9CD" box="[253,304,1560,1586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series shows some variation in coloration pattern: Four (MHNSM 24520, 24522, 24526, USN- MFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D1030023DB333CAC0F9F98442F9A5" box="[220,310,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="95-10-17">171095</date>
|
||
) specimens have a tan middorsal stripe as described for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023DB333CE0BF9F981F5F9A5" box="[1047,1153,1600,1626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and several specimens (e.g., MHNSM 24511, 24514, MTD 46899-900) have small, ovoid black flecks on the dorsum, and others (e.g., MHNSM 24511, 24518, 24525, MTD 46899) a dark brown X-shaped blotch on head and shoulder. Ventral coloration varies from tan with few grayish brown flecks (MHNSM 24517) to tan and brown mottled (MTD 46895) to dark brown with tan flecks (MHNSM 24510).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023DB333CADBF8B18069F815" blockId="6.[151,1437,1560,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
There is obvious sexual dimorphism in skin texture: Dorsal skin of males is spinose because of keratintipped tubercles; skin of females smooth without keratin-tipped tubercles. Furthermore, all males have vocal slits, nuptial pads on dorsal and inner lateral surfaces of thumb and on dorsal surface of second finger, and arms are hypertrophied, whereas arms of females are slim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023DB333C97AF83986D9F865" box="[870,941,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1326,562,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510) R. yanachaga. Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C – D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). The cloaca is more protuberant in males than in females and the opening is directed ventrally in males, whereas in females laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A75023DB333CF13F8118027F83D" box="[1295,1363,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[262,1267,562,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[262,1326,562,1902]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal views of male (A, MTD 46895) and female arm (B, MHNSM 24510), and dorsal views of cloacal region in male (MHNSM 19994) and female (MHNSM 24510) R. yanachaga. Gray indicates nuptial pads (A) and cloacal region (C – D), and arrows point to cloacal openings. Drawings by E. Lehr." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179972/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Females are slightly larger than males (maximum SVL in females
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023DB333C9BEF869817DF815" box="[930,1033,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B15023DB333CE26F86981D6F815" box="[1082,1186,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="41.6">41.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023CB332CADBFF218741FE85" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Crests are more prominent in adult than in juvenile specimens, and are most prominent in an adult female (MHNSM 24513). All have the snout with a distinct vertical keel which is more prominent in adults. The dorsolateral row of tubercles is generally weakly defined or indistinct, as the tubercles do not differ much in size compared to other dorsal tubercles, but in some specimens (MHNSM 24510) is the dorsolateral row is more distinct as the tubercles coalesce. For measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54888852023CB332C953FE8186F6FEAD" box="[847,898,312,338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023CB332CE29FE8181ACFEAE" box="[1077,1240,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023CB332CE29FE8181ACFEAE" box="[1077,1240,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B1034B023CB332CF0FFE81801EFEAD" box="[1299,1386,312,338]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,431,455]" captionTargetBox="[159,1390,491,1154]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of selected adult paratypes of Rhinella yanachaga." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C6678023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF4C6678023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
; for ranges and proportions see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B1034B023CB332CBCBFED98745FE85" box="[471,561,352,378]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1226,208,1169]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Ranges (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation and proportions of adults of Rhinella yanachaga." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C66780233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF4C66780233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C6678023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38" ID-Table-UUID="DF4C6678023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38" box="[151,1068,431,455]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C6678023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[159,1390,491,1154]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023CB332CA8BFE168158FE38" blockId="7.[151,1068,431,455]" box="[151,1068,431,455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023CB332CA8BFE16847CFE38" bold="true" box="[151,264,431,455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in mm) of selected adult paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D73023CB332C953FE098151FE38" box="[847,1061,432,455]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE2023CB332C953FE098151FE38" box="[847,1061,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023CB332CA83FE52805FFB7D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<table id="F933C450023C4CCACA83FE52801AFB7D" box="[159,1390,491,1154]" gridcols="9" gridrows="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FE52801AFDD5" box="[159,1390,491,554]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FE528475FDD5" box="[159,257,491,554]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">character</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FE5284D6FDD5" box="[317,418,491,554]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24510</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFE528748FDD5" box="[471,572,491,554]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24509</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFE5287C0FDD5" box="[624,692,491,554]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MTD 46895</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FE528637FDD5" box="[735,835,491,554]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24511</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFE5286C2FDD5" box="[883,950,491,554]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MTD 46896</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FE528137FDD5" box="[991,1091,491,554]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24512</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFE5281ACFDD5" box="[1139,1240,491,554]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24513</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FE52801AFDD5" box="[1290,1390,491,554]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24515</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FD87801AFDAA" box="[159,1390,574,597]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FD878475FDAA" box="[159,257,574,597]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sex</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FD8784D6FDAA" box="[317,418,574,597]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFD878748FDAA" box="[471,572,574,597]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">m</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFD8787C0FDAA" box="[624,692,574,597]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">m</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FD878637FDAA" box="[735,835,574,597]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFD8786C2FDAA" box="[883,950,574,597]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FD878137FDAA" box="[991,1091,574,597]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFD8781ACFDAA" box="[1139,1240,574,597]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FD87801AFDAA" box="[1290,1390,574,597]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FDD0801AFD7F" box="[159,1390,617,640]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FDD08475FD7F" box="[159,257,617,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FDD084D6FD7F" box="[317,418,617,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">45.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFDD08748FD7F" box="[471,572,617,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">41.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFDD087C0FD7F" box="[624,692,617,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">41.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FDD08637FD7F" box="[735,835,617,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">37.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFDD086C2FD7F" box="[883,950,617,640]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">36.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FDD08137FD7F" box="[991,1091,617,640]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">36.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFDD081ACFD7F" box="[1139,1240,617,640]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">36.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FDD0801AFD7F" box="[1290,1390,617,640]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">35.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FD2D801AFD2A" box="[159,1390,660,725]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FD2D8475FD2A" box="[159,257,660,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TL FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FD2D84D6FD2A" box="[317,418,660,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15.7 19.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFD2D8748FD2A" box="[471,572,660,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.3 18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFD2D87C0FD2A" box="[624,692,660,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.5 18.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FD2D8637FD2A" box="[735,835,660,725]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4 17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFD2D86C2FD2A" box="[883,950,660,725]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.4 15.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FD2D8137FD2A" box="[991,1091,660,725]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4 16.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFD2D81ACFD2A" box="[1139,1240,660,725]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.0 17.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FD2D801AFD2A" box="[1290,1390,660,725]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.0 15.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FD50801AFCFF" box="[159,1390,745,768]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FD508475FCFF" box="[159,257,745,768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FD5084D6FCFF" box="[317,418,745,768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFD508748FCFF" box="[471,572,745,768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFD5087C0FCFF" box="[624,692,745,768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FD508637FCFF" box="[735,835,745,768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFD5086C2FCFF" box="[883,950,745,768]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FD508137FCFF" box="[991,1091,745,768]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFD5081ACFCFF" box="[1139,1240,745,768]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FD50801AFCFF" box="[1290,1390,745,768]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FCAD801AFCD4" box="[159,1390,788,811]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FCAD8475FCD4" box="[159,257,788,811]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FCAD84D6FCD4" box="[317,418,788,811]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFCAD8748FCD4" box="[471,572,788,811]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFCAD87C0FCD4" box="[624,692,788,811]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FCAD8637FCD4" box="[735,835,788,811]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFCAD86C2FCD4" box="[883,950,788,811]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FCAD8137FCD4" box="[991,1091,788,811]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFCAD81ACFCD4" box="[1139,1240,788,811]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FCAD801AFCD4" box="[1290,1390,788,811]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FC86801AFCA9" box="[159,1390,831,854]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FC868475FCA9" box="[159,257,831,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FC8684D6FCA9" box="[317,418,831,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFC868748FCA9" box="[471,572,831,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFC8687C0FCA9" box="[624,692,831,854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FC868637FCA9" box="[735,835,831,854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFC8686C2FCA9" box="[883,950,831,854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FC868137FCA9" box="[991,1091,831,854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFC8681ACFCA9" box="[1139,1240,831,854]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FC86801AFCA9" box="[1290,1390,831,854]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FCD3801AFC7E" box="[159,1390,874,897]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FCD38475FC7E" box="[159,257,874,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TY</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FCD384D6FC7E" box="[317,418,874,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFCD38748FC7E" box="[471,572,874,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFCD387C0FC7E" box="[624,692,874,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FCD38637FC7E" box="[735,835,874,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFCD386C2FC7E" box="[883,950,874,897]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FCD38137FC7E" box="[991,1091,874,897]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFCD381ACFC7E" box="[1139,1240,874,897]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FCD3801AFC7E" box="[1290,1390,874,897]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FC2C801AFC29" box="[159,1390,917,982]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FC2C8475FC29" box="[159,257,917,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IOD EW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FC2C84D6FC29" box="[317,418,917,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.5 3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFC2C8748FC29" box="[471,572,917,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9 3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFC2C87C0FC29" box="[624,692,917,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.8 3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FC2C8637FC29" box="[735,835,917,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.5 3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFC2C86C2FC29" box="[883,950,917,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9 3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FC2C8137FC29" box="[991,1091,917,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.3 3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFC2C81ACFC29" box="[1139,1240,917,982]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.0 3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FC2C801AFC29" box="[1290,1390,917,982]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.0 3.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FC53801AFBFE" box="[159,1390,1002,1025]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FC538475FBFE" box="[159,257,1002,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FC5384D6FBFE" box="[317,418,1002,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFC538748FBFE" box="[471,572,1002,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFC5387C0FBFE" box="[624,692,1002,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FC538637FBFE" box="[735,835,1002,1025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFC5386C2FBFE" box="[883,950,1002,1025]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FC538137FBFE" box="[991,1091,1002,1025]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFC5381ACFBFE" box="[1139,1240,1002,1025]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FC53801AFBFE" box="[1290,1390,1002,1025]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FBAC801AFBD3" box="[159,1390,1045,1068]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FBAC8475FBD3" box="[159,257,1045,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E–N</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FBAC84D6FBD3" box="[317,418,1045,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFBAC8748FBD3" box="[471,572,1045,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFBAC87C0FBD3" box="[624,692,1045,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FBAC8637FBD3" box="[735,835,1045,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFBAC86C2FBD3" box="[883,950,1045,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FBAC8137FBD3" box="[991,1091,1045,1068]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFBAC81ACFBD3" box="[1139,1240,1045,1068]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FBAC801AFBD3" box="[1290,1390,1045,1068]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FBF9801AFBA8" box="[159,1390,1088,1111]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FBF98475FBA8" box="[159,257,1088,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FBF984D6FBA8" box="[317,418,1088,1111]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFBF98748FBA8" box="[471,572,1088,1111]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFBF987C0FBA8" box="[624,692,1088,1111]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FBF98637FBA8" box="[735,835,1088,1111]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFBF986C2FBA8" box="[883,950,1088,1111]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FBF98137FBA8" box="[991,1091,1088,1111]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFBF981ACFBA8" box="[1139,1240,1088,1111]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FBF9801AFBA8" box="[1290,1390,1088,1111]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA83FBD2801AFB7D" box="[159,1390,1131,1154]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA83FBD28475FB7D" box="[159,257,1131,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB21FBD284D6FB7D" box="[317,418,1131,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBCBFBD28748FB7D" box="[471,572,1131,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC86CFBD287C0FB7D" box="[624,692,1131,1154]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C3FBD28637FB7D" box="[735,835,1131,1154]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC96FFBD286C2FB7D" box="[883,950,1131,1154]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC9C3FBD28137FB7D" box="[991,1091,1131,1154]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE6FFBD281ACFB7D" box="[1139,1240,1131,1154]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACF16FBD2801AFB7D" box="[1290,1390,1131,1154]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F0023CB332CA8BFB12807CF88A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<table id="F933C450023C4CCACA8BFB128038F88A" box="[151,1356,1195,1909]" gridcols="8" gridrows="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFB128038FB3D" box="[151,1356,1195,1218]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFB12847CFB3D" box="[151,264,1195,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">continued.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFB588038FAE1" box="[151,1356,1249,1310]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFB58847CFAE1" box="[151,264,1249,1310]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">character</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26FB588409FAE1" box="[314,381,1249,1310]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MTD 46897</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9FB58876EFAE1" box="[437,538,1249,1310]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24521</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854FB5887D8FAE1" box="[584,684,1249,1310]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24516</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5FB588649FAE1" box="[729,829,1249,1310]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24514</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976FB5886BAFAE1" box="[874,974,1249,1310]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24517</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34FB5881F9FAE1" box="[1064,1165,1249,1310]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24522</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBFB588038FAE1" box="[1255,1356,1249,1310]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MHNSM 24520</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFA8B8038FA8C" box="[151,1356,1330,1395]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFA8B847CFA8C" box="[151,264,1330,1395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sex SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26FA8B8409FA8C" box="[314,381,1330,1395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9FA8B876EFA8C" box="[437,538,1330,1395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 35.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854FA8B87D8FA8C" box="[584,684,1330,1395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 34.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5FA8B8649FA8C" box="[729,829,1330,1395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 33.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976FA8B86BAFA8C" box="[874,974,1330,1395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 32.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34FA8B81F9FA8C" box="[1064,1165,1330,1395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 31.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBFA8B8038FA8C" box="[1255,1356,1330,1395]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">f 29.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFA3E8038FA61" box="[151,1356,1415,1438]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFA3E847CFA61" box="[151,264,1415,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26FA3E8409FA61" box="[314,381,1415,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9FA3E876EFA61" box="[437,538,1415,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854FA3E87D8FA61" box="[584,684,1415,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5FA3E8649FA61" box="[729,829,1415,1438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976FA3E86BAFA61" box="[874,974,1415,1438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34FA3E81F9FA61" box="[1064,1165,1415,1438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBFA3E8038FA61" box="[1255,1356,1415,1438]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFA0B8038FA36" box="[151,1356,1458,1481]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFA0B847CFA36" box="[151,264,1458,1481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26FA0B8409FA36" box="[314,381,1458,1481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9FA0B876EFA36" box="[437,538,1458,1481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854FA0B87D8FA36" box="[584,684,1458,1481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5FA0B8649FA36" box="[729,829,1458,1481]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976FA0B86BAFA36" box="[874,974,1458,1481]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34FA0B81F9FA36" box="[1064,1165,1458,1481]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBFA0B8038FA36" box="[1255,1356,1458,1481]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BFA648038FA0B" box="[151,1356,1501,1524]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BFA64847CFA0B" box="[151,264,1501,1524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26FA648409FA0B" box="[314,381,1501,1524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9FA64876EFA0B" box="[437,538,1501,1524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854FA6487D8FA0B" box="[584,684,1501,1524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5FA648649FA0B" box="[729,829,1501,1524]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976FA6486BAFA0B" box="[874,974,1501,1524]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34FA6481F9FA0B" box="[1064,1165,1501,1524]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBFA648038FA0B" box="[1255,1356,1501,1524]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF9B18038F9E0" box="[151,1356,1544,1567]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF9B1847CF9E0" box="[151,264,1544,1567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F9B18409F9E0" box="[314,381,1544,1567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F9B1876EF9E0" box="[437,538,1544,1567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F9B187D8F9E0" box="[584,684,1544,1567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F9B18649F9E0" box="[729,829,1544,1567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F9B186BAF9E0" box="[874,974,1544,1567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F9B181F9F9E0" box="[1064,1165,1544,1567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF9B18038F9E0" box="[1255,1356,1544,1567]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF98A8038F98B" box="[151,1356,1587,1652]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF98A847CF98B" box="[151,264,1587,1652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ED TY</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F98A8409F98B" box="[314,381,1587,1652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.0 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F98A876EF98B" box="[437,538,1587,1652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F98A87D8F98B" box="[584,684,1587,1652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9 1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F98A8649F98B" box="[729,829,1587,1652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6 1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F98A86BAF98B" box="[874,974,1587,1652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.5 1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F98A81F9F98B" box="[1064,1165,1587,1652]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7 1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF98A8038F98B" box="[1255,1356,1587,1652]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.2 1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF9318038F960" box="[151,1356,1672,1695]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF931847CF960" box="[151,264,1672,1695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F9318409F960" box="[314,381,1672,1695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F931876EF960" box="[437,538,1672,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F93187D8F960" box="[584,684,1672,1695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F9318649F960" box="[729,829,1672,1695]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F93186BAF960" box="[874,974,1672,1695]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F93181F9F960" box="[1064,1165,1672,1695]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF9318038F960" box="[1255,1356,1672,1695]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF90A8038F935" box="[151,1356,1715,1738]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF90A847CF935" box="[151,264,1715,1738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">EW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F90A8409F935" box="[314,381,1715,1738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F90A876EF935" box="[437,538,1715,1738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F90A87D8F935" box="[584,684,1715,1738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F90A8649F935" box="[729,829,1715,1738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F90A86BAF935" box="[874,974,1715,1738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F90A81F9F935" box="[1064,1165,1715,1738]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF90A8038F935" box="[1255,1356,1715,1738]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF9678038F90A" box="[151,1356,1758,1781]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF967847CF90A" box="[151,264,1758,1781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F9678409F90A" box="[314,381,1758,1781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F967876EF90A" box="[437,538,1758,1781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F96787D8F90A" box="[584,684,1758,1781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F9678649F90A" box="[729,829,1758,1781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F96786BAF90A" box="[874,974,1758,1781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F96781F9F90A" box="[1064,1165,1758,1781]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF9678038F90A" box="[1255,1356,1758,1781]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF8B08038F8DF" box="[151,1356,1801,1824]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF8B0847CF8DF" box="[151,264,1801,1824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E–N</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F8B08409F8DF" box="[314,381,1801,1824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F8B0876EF8DF" box="[437,538,1801,1824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F8B087D8F8DF" box="[584,684,1801,1824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F8B08649F8DF" box="[729,829,1801,1824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F8B086BAF8DF" box="[874,974,1801,1824]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F8B081F9F8DF" box="[1064,1165,1801,1824]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF8B08038F8DF" box="[1255,1356,1801,1824]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B2023C4CCACA8BF88D8038F88A" box="[151,1356,1844,1909]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE023C4CCACA8BF88D847CF88A" box="[151,264,1844,1909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PL PW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACB26F88D8409F88A" box="[314,381,1844,1909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.1 3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACBA9F88D876EF88A" box="[437,538,1844,1909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.3 3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC854F88D87D8F88A" box="[584,684,1844,1909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.7 3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC8C5F88D8649F88A" box="[729,829,1844,1909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5 3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCAC976F88D86BAF88A" box="[874,974,1844,1909]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3.5 3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACE34F88D81F9F88A" box="[1064,1165,1844,1909]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.8 3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE023C4CCACEFBF88D8038F88A" box="[1255,1356,1844,1909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9 2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C66780233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50" ID-Table-UUID="DF4C66780233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50" box="[151,1422,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C66780233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[159,1226,208,1169]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00233B33DCA8BFF2E80FAFF50" blockId="8.[151,1422,151,175]" box="[151,1422,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCA8BFF2E847CFF50" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Ranges (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation and proportions of adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCEADFF2180FEFF50" box="[1201,1418,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Rhinella yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00233B33DCA83FF698138FB6E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<table id="F933C45002334CCACA83FF6981BEFB6E" box="[159,1226,208,1169]" gridcols="3" gridrows="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FF6981BEFF18" box="[159,1226,208,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FF698465FF18" box="[159,273,208,231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFF69867DFF18" box="[544,777,208,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC894FF6987E1FF18" box="[648,661,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFF6981BEFF18" box="[993,1226,208,231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCE2EFF69814BFF18" box="[1074,1087,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FF4381BEFEEE" box="[159,1226,250,273]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FF438465FEEE" box="[159,273,250,273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFF43867DFEEE" box="[544,777,250,273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29.1–45.7 (35.6±3.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFF4381BEFEEE" box="[993,1226,250,273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">38.4–41.6 (40.3± 1.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FE9C81BEFEC3" box="[159,1226,293,316]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FE9C8465FEC3" box="[159,273,293,316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFE9C867DFEC3" box="[544,777,293,316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.0–15.7 (12.6±1.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFE9C81BEFEC3" box="[993,1226,293,316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.8–14.5 (13.9±0.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FEE981BEFE98" box="[159,1226,336,359]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FEE98465FE98" box="[159,273,336,359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFEE9867DFE98" box="[544,777,336,359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.0–19.4 (15.9 ±1.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFEE981BEFE98" box="[993,1226,336,359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.4–18.6 (17.8±1.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FEC381BEFE6E" box="[159,1226,378,401]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FEC38465FE6E" box="[159,273,378,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFEC3867DFE6E" box="[544,777,378,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10.1–14.6 (12.3 ±1.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFEC381BEFE6E" box="[993,1226,378,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.3–13.7 (12.8±1.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FE1C81BEFE43" box="[159,1226,421,444]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FE1C8465FE43" box="[159,273,421,444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFE1C867DFE43" box="[544,777,421,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9.5–13.9 (11.7±1.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFE1C81BEFE43" box="[993,1226,421,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.0–13.4 (12.7±0.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FE6981BEFE18" box="[159,1226,464,487]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FE698465FE18" box="[159,273,464,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFE69867DFE18" box="[544,777,464,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.1–3.2 (2.8± 0.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFE6981BEFE18" box="[993,1226,464,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.1–2.6 (2.3± 0.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FE4381BEFDEE" box="[159,1226,506,529]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FE438465FDEE" box="[159,273,506,529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TY</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFE43867DFDEE" box="[544,777,506,529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.0–2.6 (1.6±0.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFE4381BEFDEE" box="[993,1226,506,529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.2–2.1 (1.7±0.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FD9C81BEFDC3" box="[159,1226,549,572]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FD9C8465FDC3" box="[159,273,549,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFD9C867DFDC3" box="[544,777,549,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.4–4.5 (4.0 ±0.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFD9C81BEFDC3" box="[993,1226,549,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">3.6–3.9 (3.8±0.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FDE981BEFD98" box="[159,1226,592,615]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FDE98465FD98" box="[159,273,592,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">EW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFDE9867DFD98" box="[544,777,592,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.3–3.5 (3.0±0.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFDE981BEFD98" box="[993,1226,592,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.5–3.7 (3.3± 0.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FDC381BEFD6E" box="[159,1226,634,657]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FDC38465FD6E" box="[159,273,634,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFDC3867DFD6E" box="[544,777,634,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.2–3.3 (2.8± 0.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFDC381BEFD6E" box="[993,1226,634,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.5–3.0 (2.8±0.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FD1C81BEFD43" box="[159,1226,677,700]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FD1C8465FD43" box="[159,273,677,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E–N</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFD1C867DFD43" box="[544,777,677,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.8–4.0 (3.4± 0.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFD1C81BEFD43" box="[993,1226,677,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.8–3.8 (3.4± 0.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FD6981BEFD18" box="[159,1226,720,743]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FD698465FD18" box="[159,273,720,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFD69867DFD18" box="[544,777,720,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.9–4.3 (3.5±0.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFD6981BEFD18" box="[993,1226,720,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4.0–5.4 (4.8±0.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FD4381BEFCEE" box="[159,1226,762,785]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FD438465FCEE" box="[159,273,762,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PW</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFD43867DFCEE" box="[544,777,762,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.9–4.3 (3.6± 0.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFD4381BEFCEE" box="[993,1226,762,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2.9–4.2 (3.7± 0.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FC9C81BEFCC3" box="[159,1226,805,828]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FC9C8465FCC3" box="[159,273,805,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFC9C867DFCC3" box="[544,777,805,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.33–0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFC9C81BEFCC3" box="[993,1226,805,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.33–0.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FCE981BEFC98" box="[159,1226,848,871]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FCE98465FC98" box="[159,273,848,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFCE9867DFC98" box="[544,777,848,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.40–0.51</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFCE981BEFC98" box="[993,1226,848,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.43–0.45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FCC381BEFC6E" box="[159,1226,890,913]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FCC38465FC6E" box="[159,273,890,913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFCC3867DFC6E" box="[544,777,890,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.29–0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFCC381BEFC6E" box="[993,1226,890,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.29–0.33</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FC1C81BEFC43" box="[159,1226,933,956]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FC1C8465FC43" box="[159,273,933,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HW/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFC1C867DFC43" box="[544,777,933,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.30–0.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFC1C81BEFC43" box="[993,1226,933,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.31–0.32</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FC6981BEFC18" box="[159,1226,976,999]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FC698465FC18" box="[159,273,976,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HW/HL</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFC69867DFC18" box="[544,777,976,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.89–1.06</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFC6981BEFC18" box="[993,1226,976,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.92–1.06</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FC4381BEFBEE" box="[159,1226,1018,1041]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FC438465FBEE" box="[159,273,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E–N/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFC43867DFBEE" box="[544,777,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.10–1.44</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFC4381BEFBEE" box="[993,1226,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.33–1.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FB9C81BEFBC3" box="[159,1226,1061,1084]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FB9C8465FBC3" box="[159,273,1061,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">EW/IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFB9C867DFBC3" box="[544,777,1061,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.68–0.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFB9C81BEFBC3" box="[993,1226,1061,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.69–0.97</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FBE981BEFB98" box="[159,1226,1104,1127]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FBE98465FB98" box="[159,273,1104,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TY/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFBE9867DFB98" box="[544,777,1104,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.41–0.81</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFBE981BEFB98" box="[993,1226,1104,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.57–0.81</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202334CCACA83FBC381BEFB6E" box="[159,1226,1146,1169]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02334CCACA83FBC38465FB6E" box="[159,273,1146,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PL/ED</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC83CFBC3867DFB6E" box="[544,777,1146,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">0.93–1.90</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02334CCAC9FDFBC381BEFB6E" box="[993,1226,1146,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1.90–2.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00233B33FCADBFB64847BFD45" blockId="8.[151,1437,1245,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,1698]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCADBFB648739FB08" bold="true" box="[199,589,1245,1271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comparative cranial osteology.</emphasis>
|
||
The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC8F2FB6486AFFB09" box="[750,987,1245,1270]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC8F2FB6486AFFB09" box="[750,987,1245,1270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally resembles those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCF9FFB648457FAE1" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCF9FFB648457FAE1" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group species, but certain cranial features of this taxon are notably different. Detailed comparative osteological descriptions and illustrations for other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC9DAFA948106FAB9" box="[966,1138,1325,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC9DAFA948106FAB9" box="[966,1138,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group are provided elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010233B33DCAF3FAEC84C6FA90" author="Lehr" box="[239,434,1365,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Lehr, E., Pramuk, J. B. & Lundberg, M. (2005) A new species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Peru. Herpetologica, 61, 308 - 318." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lehr
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCB2CFAEC8411FA91" box="[304,357,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010233B33DCBA3FAEC8714FA90" author="Pramuk" box="[447,608,1365,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Pramuk, J. B. (2006) Phylogeny of South American Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) inferred from combined evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 407 - 452." type="journal article" year="2006">Pramuk 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010233B33DC871FAEC8612FA90" author="Chaparro" box="[621,870,1365,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="12" refString="Chaparro, J. C., Pramuk, J. B. & Gluesenkamp, A. G. (2007) A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forests of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica, 63, 203 - 212." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Chaparro
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC8FFFAEC8663FA91" box="[739,791,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCE0FFAEC81C1FA91" box="[1043,1205,1365,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCE0FFAEC81C1FA91" box="[1043,1205,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly rounded anteriorly and is wider than long with the greatest width being at the level of the quadratojugals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750233B33DCF11FAC48027FA68" box="[1293,1363,1405,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[295,1436,229,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[295,1284,224,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull of male Rhinella yanachaga (MHNSM 24509, SVL 41.6 mm). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179976/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). The dorsal surfaces of the dermal bones are relatively smooth and are not exostosed or ornamented with pits and rugosities (as they are in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCBF3FA7487B5FA19" box="[495,705,1485,1510]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCBF3FA7487B5FA19" box="[495,705,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to a lesser extent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC9F8FA748127FA19" box="[996,1107,1485,1510]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC9F8FA748127FA19" box="[996,1107,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCE90FA74804DFA19" box="[1164,1337,1485,1510]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCE90FA74804DFA19" box="[1164,1337,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Of the five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCAD7FA4C8423F9F1" box="[203,343,1525,1550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCAD7FA4C8423F9F1" box="[203,343,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group species examined osteologically (Appendix 1), the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCE79FA4C8073F9F1" box="[1125,1287,1525,1550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCE79FA4C8073F9F1" box="[1125,1287,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar in structure to the crania of
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC809F9A48675F9C9" box="[533,769,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC809F9A487FDF9C9" box="[533,649,1565,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC88AF9A48789F9C9" box="[662,765,1565,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">R. manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC921F9A48698F9C9" box="[829,1004,1565,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC921F9A48698F9C9" box="[829,1004,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in overall appearance and skull proportions, this species most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC8C9F9FC8643F9A1" box="[725,823,1605,1630]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC8C9F9FC8643F9A1" box="[725,823,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both of these species have similarly broad, rectangular, and flattened frontoparietals broadly contacting the medial surfaces of the otic rami of the squamosals (forming a complete temporal arcade
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC84FF92C87E0F951" box="[595,660,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010233B33DC880F92C865FF950" author="Lynch" box="[668,811,1685,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="13" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1971) Evolutionary relationships, osteology and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History miscellaneous Publications, 53, 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the frontoparietals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCED6F92C8003F951" box="[1226,1399,1685,1710]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCED6F92C8003F951" box="[1226,1399,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not contact broadly the otic rami and are slightly expanded dorsolaterally, creating relatively well-developed supraorbital crests. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCBAEF95C872EF901" box="[434,602,1765,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCBAEF95C872EF901" box="[434,602,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supraorbital crests are weakly developed. Relative to most other bufonids, species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCBA6F8B4871DF8D9" box="[442,617,1805,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCBA6F8B4871DF8D9" box="[442,617,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group have relatively lightly to moderately ossified skulls, a consequence of which is exposure of the dorsal surface of the sphenethmoid. The sphenethmoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCEFCF88C80F5F8B1" box="[1248,1409,1845,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCEFCF88C80F5F8B1" box="[1248,1409,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is exposed to a greater extent than it is in other species of this group. The nasals and frontoparietals barely contact one another laterally whereas they do in all other species examined, yielding a distinctively triangular appearance to the exposed surface of the sphenethmoid. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC944F814811AF839" box="[856,1134,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC944F8148689F839" box="[856,1021,1965,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">R. yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCE17F814811AF839" box="[1035,1134,1965,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">R. manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCEB6F814802AF839" box="[1194,1374,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCEB6F814802FF839" box="[1194,1371,1965,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">R. veraguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
only the lateral-most edges of the premaxillae are visible in dorsal view (in
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DC9C6F86C8124F811" box="[986,1104,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DC9C6F86C8138F811" box="[986,1100,2005,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20233B33DCE97F86C8004F811" box="[1163,1392,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730233B33DCE97F86C8018F811" box="[1163,1388,2005,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosus">R. multiverrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the In ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750231B33FCB9AFF2184B9FF4D" box="[390,461,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[295,1436,229,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[295,1284,224,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull of male Rhinella yanachaga (MHNSM 24509, SVL 41.6 mm). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179976/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B), the premaxillae and maxillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC972FF2186A9FF4E" box="[878,989,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC972FF2186A9FF4E" box="[878,989,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC9F7FF2181B7FF4E" box="[1003,1219,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC9F7FF2181CBFF4E" box="[1003,1215,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">R. multiverrucosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCEE7FF2180E8FF4E" box="[1275,1436,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCEE7FF2180E8FF4E" box="[1275,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deeper and more robust than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC89CFF798641FF26" box="[640,821,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC89CFF798645FF26" box="[640,817,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">R. veraguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Moreover, in dorsal view the maxillae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF39FF7980E0FF26" box="[1317,1428,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCF39FF7980E0FF26" box="[1317,1428,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCA8BFF51858CFEFE" box="[151,248,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCA8BFF51858CFEFE" box="[151,248,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCB1BFF518494FEFE" box="[263,480,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCB1BFF5184A8FEFE" box="[263,476,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">R. multiverrucosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC806FF5187CFFEFE" box="[538,699,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC806FF5187CFFEFE" box="[538,699,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are angled posterolaterally to a greater degree from their point of contact with the premaxillae than they are in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC8D4FEA98600FED6" box="[712,884,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC8D4FEA98600FED6" box="[712,884,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
yielding a relatively more rounded appearance to the maxillary arcade of this species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC87EFE818148FEAE" box="[610,1084,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC87EFE818625FEAE" box="[610,849,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Rhinella yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC940FE8186BFFEAE" box="[860,971,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC9CFFE81814CFEAE" box="[979,1080,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">R. manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCE6AFE81803CFEAE" box="[1142,1352,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCE6AFE81803CFEAE" box="[1142,1352,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a narrow ridge present on the ventral surface of the parasphenoid that extends from the point of contact of the medial ramus of the pterygoid and parasphenoid to the medial point of the parasphenoid. A ridge on the parasphenoid also is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCBDAFE098706FE36" box="[454,626,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCBDAFE098706FE36" box="[454,626,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it is only present medially and does not extend to the point where the pterygoid contacts the parasphenoid. In ventral view, the anterior edge of the cultriform process of the parasphenoid is dramatically truncated (similar to the condition seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCE15FDB9811EFDE6" box="[1033,1130,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCE15FDB9811EFDE6" box="[1033,1130,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); in other species it is relatively more acuminate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCBECFD9187E9FDBE" box="[496,669,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCBECFD9187E9FDBE" box="[496,669,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displaying the most acuminate condition. The vomers are robust in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCAABFDE98412FD96" box="[183,358,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCAABFDE98412FD96" box="[183,358,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and have distinctive postchoanal and prechoanal processes; whereas, in
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCED2FDE9842FFD6E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCED2FDE98000FD96" box="[1230,1396,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">R. yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF9FFDE98591FD6E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">R. chavin</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCAF3FDC18422FD6E" box="[239,342,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">R. manu</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCB86FDC1871AFD6E" box="[410,622,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCB86FDC1871AFD6E" box="[410,622,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the vomers are more slender and lack well-developed postchoanal processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00232B33CCA8BFF218451FEFD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table id="F933C45002324CCACA8BFF2180E8FEFD" box="[151,1436,152,258]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr id="350334B202324CCACA8BFF2180E8FF4D" box="[151,1436,152,178]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02324CCACA8BFF2187C5FF4D" box="[151,689,152,178]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">premaxillae and anterodorsal margins of the</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02324CCAC8A5FF218654FF4D" box="[697,800,152,178]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">maxillae</th>
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02324CCAC934FF2180E8FF4D" box="[808,1436,152,178]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">are visible throughout their entire length). In dorsal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202324CCACA8BFF7980E8FF25" box="[151,1436,192,218]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02324CCACA8BFF7987C5FF25" box="[151,689,192,218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
view, the orbits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730232B33CCB6FFF798761FF26" box="[371,533,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20232B33CCB6FFF798761FF26" box="[371,533,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730232B33CC853FF7987C5FF26" box="[591,689,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20232B33CC853FF7987C5FF26" box="[591,689,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02324CCAC8A5FF798654FF25" box="[697,800,192,218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">are more</td>
|
||
<td id="76D25DCE02324CCAC934FF7980E8FF25" box="[808,1436,192,218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
obliquely ovoid than other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730232B33CCF0CFF7980E8FF26" box="[1296,1436,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20232B33CCF0CFF7980E8FF26" box="[1296,1436,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350334B202324CCACA8BFF5180E8FEFD" box="[151,1436,232,258]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76D25DCE02324CCACA8BFF5187C5FEFD" box="[151,689,232,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Group (e.g.,</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C66780232B33CCA8BF81287A3F819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179976/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[295,1436,229,1904]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00232B33CCA8BF81287A3F819" blockId="9.[151,1436,1963,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20232B33CCA8BF812846EF83C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1963,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730232B33CC9DFF81581EFF83C" box="[963,1179,1964,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20232B33CC9DFF81581EFF83C" box="[963,1179,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNSM 24509, SVL 41.6 mm). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. Pramuk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00231B33FCADBFD7181FEFC2D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750231B33FCB63FD7184B1FD1D" box="[383,453,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[295,1436,229,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[295,1284,224,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull of male Rhinella yanachaga (MHNSM 24509, SVL 41.6 mm). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by J. Pramuk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179976/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCBECFD7187E5FD1E" box="[496,657,712,737]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCBECFD7187E5FD1E" box="[496,657,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively shallow braincase similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCEECFD7180E8FD1E" box="[1264,1436,712,737]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCEECFD7180E8FD1E" box="[1264,1436,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compared to the relatively deep skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC888FD498670FCF6" box="[660,772,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC888FD498670FCF6" box="[660,772,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC95EFD498162FCF6" box="[834,1046,752,777]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC95EFD498162FCF6" box="[834,1046,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32476600231B33FCE2CFD498125FCF5" box="[1072,1105,752,778]" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
with all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF9FFD498457FCCE" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCF9FFD498457FCCE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group, the posterior part of the braincase, including the occipital condyles, extends well beyond the posterior edge of the jaw symphysis; columellae are present and columnar. The quadratojugals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF9FFCF9846CFC7E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCF9FFCF9846CFC7E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are relatively small like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC8B1FCD18628FC7E" box="[685,860,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC8B1FCD18628FC7E" box="[685,860,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC985FCD18689FC7E" box="[921,1021,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC985FCD18689FC7E" box="[921,1021,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. manu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compared to the relatively robust quadratojugals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCB6EFC298491FC56" box="[370,485,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chavin">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCB6EFC298491FC56" box="[370,485,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. chavin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC839FC29878FFC56" box="[549,763,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiverrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC839FC29878FFC56" box="[549,763,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. multiverrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Unlike other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCE98FC298064FC56" box="[1156,1296,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veraguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCE98FC298064FC56" box="[1156,1296,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">veraguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group, the anteroventral edge of the nasal of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC839FC0187B3FC2E" box="[549,711,952,977]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC839FC0187B3FC2E" box="[549,711,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
abuts the anterior edge of the maxilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329657B0231B33FCADBFC6686F6F9AD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00231B33FCADBFC668593FA25" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCADBFC66877EFC06" bold="true" box="[199,522,991,1017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC80BFC59867CFC06" box="[535,776,992,1017]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC80BFC59867CFC06" box="[535,776,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the Cordillera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCED5FC59803CFC05" box="[1225,1352,992,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the National Park
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCB5EFBB184B5FBDD" box="[322,449,1032,1058]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chemillén (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A750231B33FC848FBB187E9FBDD" box="[596,669,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[153,257,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[295,1274,862,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[222,1365,836,1749]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map (changed after Lehr et al. 2005) illustrating the type localities of Rhinella yanachaga (Nationalpark Yanachaga-Chemillén, indicated by a star), R. chavin (Palma Pampa, indicated by an open square), R. multiverrucosa (Auquimarca, indicated by a triangle), and R. manu (Valle de Kosñipata, indicated by a solid square)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179974/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). This park contains the Cordillera de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCE79FBB18190FBDD" box="[1125,1252,1032,1058]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
that reaches an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150231B33FCB37FB8984F3FBB5" box="[299,391,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.643" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3643.0">3643 m</quantity>
|
||
, and descends into the valley of the Río Palcazu. The park extends westward to the Cordillera de Santa Bárbara reaching an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150231B33FC8FFFBE18649FB8D" box="[739,829,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</quantity>
|
||
and is separated from the Cordillera de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF01FBE180E8FB8D" box="[1309,1436,1112,1138]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the deep canyon of the Río Huancabamba. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC906FB39817DFB66" box="[794,1033,1152,1177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC906FB39817DFB66" box="[794,1033,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhinella yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in a protected region that encompasses forested slopes of the Andes. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548888520231B33FC8D5FB11878FFB3D" box="[713,763,1192,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is reached from Oxapampa by trail, as described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B010231B33FCAAAFB69841DFB15" author="Hedges" box="[182,361,1232,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" refString="Hedges, S. B. (1990) A new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Peru. Copeia, 1990, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1990">Hedges (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Habitat at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548888520231B33FC803FB698726FB15" box="[543,594,1232,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is cloud forest with a thick layer of moss covering the ground and tree trunks. Three specimens (RMNH 27069, USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300231B33FC96EFB4186B9FAED" box="[882,973,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="95-10-17">171095</date>
|
||
, 1710096), were collected between
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300231B33FCF63FB4184FAFAC5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1987-06-29" valueMax="1987-07-01" valueMin="1987-06-29">29 June and 1 July 1987</date>
|
||
at night. One adult male (USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300231B33FC921FA9986E3FAC5" box="[829,919,1312,1338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="96-10-17">171096</date>
|
||
) was found beneath a layer of moss and dirt about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150231B33FCAC3FAF18420FA9D" box="[223,340,1352,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 cm</quantity>
|
||
below the surface on the side of the trail. The other (USNMFS
|
||
<date id="FF8D10300231B33FCE22FAF181ECFA9D" box="[1086,1176,1352,1378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="95-10-17">171095</date>
|
||
) was found resting on the tops of leaves (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150231B33FCBBFFAC98499FA75" box="[419,493,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground) along the trail. Other specimens were found in trees (J. Icochea, personal communication). Syntopic species include
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC920FA218060FA4E" box="[828,1300,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC920FA218164FA4E" box="[828,1040,1432,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCE00FA218064FA4E" box="[1052,1296,1432,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mendax">Pristimantis mendax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCF51FA218594FA26" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagittulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCF51FA218594FA26" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. sagittulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00231B33FCADBFA5186F6F9AD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
One gravid female (MHNSM 24510, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B150231B33FC8CEFA51864AF9FD" box="[722,830,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="45.7">45.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) was dissected and contained 136 (left ovary: 66; right ovary: 70) unpigmented eggs, which are pale orange in preservative, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCEF0F9A9800FF9D6" box="[1260,1403,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCEF0F9A9800FF9D6" box="[1260,1403,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FCA8BF9818462F9AE" box="[151,278,1592,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCA8BF9818462F9AE" box="[151,278,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phrynopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The call and tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC826F98187AFF9AE" box="[570,731,1592,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC826F98187AFF9AE" box="[570,731,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C329657B0231B33FCADBF9E68071F95D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36F00231B33FCADBF9E68071F95D" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FCADBF9E68427F986" bold="true" box="[199,339,1631,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC824F9D987CDF986" box="[568,697,1632,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAE20231B33FC824F9D987CDF986" box="[568,697,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">yanachaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from Quetchuan and means black. The name is used as a noun in apposition and refers to the Cordillera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D730231B33FC8F3F931861AF95D" box="[751,878,1672,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Yanachaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the new species was found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |