259 lines
30 KiB
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259 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="61E91B9ED84F4D5FF0440306FD5C7559" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11620862-ddcf-4c01-b0d9-32867e03d74b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165530" ID-ZooBank="0D054EDD-9CDC-4D16-A8B2-F1EBBDAD6E09" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478590872060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W." docDate="2016" docId="038FB248FF34FF3089B9C559245A9D65" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4185.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4185 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hysterothylacium Ward and Magath 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FFB6CA30FFB1FFB6892EC613204A9E70" masterDocTitle="Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1698392632899" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="FBBB16EF186F9CAC7CF07545A8E6FBE3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="09BA3983D5FB6DB87DAEE05F60B55955">
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<mods:title id="3F821F78D4C7F4A3661B1EB025DD104B">Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0809BCB05F6640A7650CA73945FF9D33" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DC45B0BB082593C33D6B16A83291F0C9">Arai, Hisao P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A4C466CAC4809309FC49A7C0DE18A0B9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAEDE3244E77D28E9F054D0617102A1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F74918FE19452B746EB54E8F39FFC20F">Smith, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="49594B955603FAC568D3070ABF3A5040">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BA78C7D6C5E521937682FBE67BE51903">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ABF565ACD75A8AEF32808753BB978A22">
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<mods:date id="2A0E624B357C0C96B1E360E1A71D1B2C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0FA0273E64DDD635D2E97AE461538885" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CF7E26D5448ADE56AAE5586060D39D2C">4185</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="016E48CF12460BED31800BF099E3595F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E12235E8C8C760D299D26D375ED8FBB1">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A63326A0434AFF861220CB01135129CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E2ADEF5E5A04986723ED33A1F7E92B68" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038FB248FF34FF3089B9C559245A9D65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626917" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124624571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FB248FF34FF3089B9C559245A9D65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038FB248FF34FF3089B9C559245A9D65" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FF34FF3389B9C559218A9D94" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99035EFF34FF3389B9C55922EC9D14" blockId="133.[151,678,842,868]" box="[151,678,842,868]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0D1B432FF34FF3389B9C55922EC9D14" bold="true" box="[151,678,842,868]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF3389B9C55922EC9D14" authority="Ward and Magath, 1917" authorityName="Ward and Magath" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,678,842,868]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3389B9C55922EC9D14" bold="true" box="[151,678,842,868]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3389B9C55921249D14" bold="true" box="[151,366,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
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Ward and Magath, 1917
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99035EFF34FF3389B9C582218A9D94" blockId="133.[151,1436,913,996]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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Synonyms:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338839C58222099DD7" authority="Dollfus, 1933" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1933" box="[279,579,913,935]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Thynnascaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338839C58221D59DD7" box="[279,415,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Thynnascaris</emphasis>
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Dollfus, 1933
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338B7BC58124659DD7" authority="Dollfus 1935" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1935" box="[597,1071,913,935]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Contracaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Thynnascaris">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338B7BC58122A09DD7" box="[597,746,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Contracaecum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338A2EC58223C29DD7" box="[768,904,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Thynnascaris</emphasis>
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) Dollfus 1935
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338D6FC581213F9DB6" authority="Mozgovoi, 1951" authorityName="Mozgovoi" authorityYear="1951" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Contracaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Erschovicaecum">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338D6FC581249C9DD7" box="[1089,1238,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Contracaecum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338DC2C58225D99DD7" box="[1260,1427,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Erschovicaecum</emphasis>
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) Mozgovoi, 1951
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF3388ADC5A223009DB6" authority="Kreis, 1952" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1952" box="[387,842,944,966]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Contracaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Simplexonema">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3388ADC5A222529DB6" box="[387,536,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Contracaecum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338B04C5A322F49DB6" box="[554,702,944,966]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Simplexonema</emphasis>
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) Kreis, 1952
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338A7AC5A223FC9DB6" box="[852,950,944,966]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">nom. nud</emphasis>
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.;
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338AE3C5A324B39DB6" authority="Pereira, 1935" authorityName="Pereira" authorityYear="1935" box="[973,1273,944,966]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Iheringascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338AE3C5A3242B9DB6" box="[973,1121,944,966]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Iheringascaris</emphasis>
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Pereira, 1935
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338C29C5A2218A9D94" authority="Araujo, 1970" authorityName="Araujo" authorityYear="1970" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Contracaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acollaris">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338C29C5A225D69DB6" box="[1287,1436,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Contracaecum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3389E1C5DD21669D94" box="[207,300,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Acollaris</emphasis>
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) Araujo, 1970
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FF34FF3389B9C202227499FC" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99035EFF34FF3389B9C202212C9BAA" blockId="133.[151,1437,1041,2005]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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Generic diagnosis (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF34FF338885C20222BF9A5A" author="Deardorff" box="[427,757,1041,1066]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" refString="Deardorff, T. L. & Overstreet, R. M. (1981) Review of Hysterothylacium and Iheringascaris (both previously = Thynnascaris) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93, 1035 - 1079." type="journal article" year="1981">Deardorff & Overstreet 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338A27C20223969A5A" box="[777,988,1041,1066]" class="Chromadorea" family="Raphidascarididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Raphidascaridinae">Raphidascaridinae</taxonomicName>
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. Body elongate, reaching greatest width near midbody. Cuticle with annulations moderately or weakly defined or lacking (presumably unreported). Cuticular alae distinct or indistinct. Lips approximately equal in size, usually wider than long, bearing transparent cuticular flanges on lateral margins: flanges with or without indentations; internal pulp usually pedunculated; dorsal lip with two lateral doubled papillae; subventral lips with amphid, adjacent mediolateral doubled papilla, and single lateral papilla. Dentigerous ridges absent. Interlabia present. Interlabial grooves present or absent. Ventriculus almost spherical; ventricular
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338B46C2FA22849B72" box="[616,718,1257,1282]" class="Cephalaspidomorphi" family="Petromyzontidae" genus="Lethenteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Petromyzontiformes" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendix">appendix</taxonomicName>
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sac-like or cylindrical, with septum dividing structure into two equal longitudinal pouches; intestinal caecum usually shorter than ventricular
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338D0FC31E24C19B56" box="[1057,1163,1293,1318]" class="Cephalaspidomorphi" family="Petromyzontidae" genus="Lethenteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Petromyzontiformes" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="appendix">appendix</taxonomicName>
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. Excretory system with excretory pore at or near nerve ring level, with duct extending to at least left lateral cord. Rectal glands present or absent (presumably unreported). Spicules similar, alate, equal or slightly unequal in length. Gubernaculum absent. Vulva anterior to midbody. Uterus didelphic, opisthodelphic. Tail conical, tip with or without spines. Medioventral pre-cloacal organ usually distinct on pre-cloacal fold. Phasmids usually distinct. Parasites of marine, estuarine and fresh-water fishes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99035EFF34FF3389E9C3F5227499FC" blockId="133.[151,1437,1041,2005]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E0903FF34FF3389E9C3F5227499FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324948977" country="New Zealand" location="Tokyo" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tokyo">
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Comments:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF34FF33887CC3F622C69B8E" box="[338,652,1509,1534]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" refString="Gopar-Merino, L., Osorio-Sarabia, D. & Garcia-Prieto, L. (2005) A new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasite of Ariopsis guatamalensis (Osteichthyes: Ariidae) from Tres Palos Lagoon, Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 909 - 914. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 411 r. 1" type="journal article">
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Gopar-Merino
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3388D2C3F5227A9B8E" box="[508,560,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
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. (2005)
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</bibRefCitation>
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claimed that 61 species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338AE2C3F624D89B8E" box="[972,1170,1509,1534]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338AE2C3F624D89B8E" box="[972,1170,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been recognized; however, there are more than 61species if “morphospecies”, “sibling species” and “cryptic species” are taken into account. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF34FF3388B0C03D22C89836" author="Rye" box="[414,642,1581,1606]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" refString="Rye, L. A. & Baker, M. R. (1992) The life history of Hysterothylacium analarum Rye and Baker, 1984 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Lepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Centrarchidae) in southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1576 - 1584. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 217" type="journal article" year="1992">Rye & Baker (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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most
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338BE9C03E23C79836" box="[711,909,1581,1606]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338BE9C03E23C79836" box="[711,909,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species occur in the alimentary tract of marine fishes rather than fresh-water ones. In common with some other aquatic ascaridoids, species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338DF8C04225D6981A" box="[1238,1436,1617,1642]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338DF8C04225D6981A" box="[1238,1436,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have evolved remarkable flexibility in completing the life-cycle. For example,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF34FF338D3BC06524BA98FE" box="[1045,1264,1653,1678]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" refString="Luque, J. L., Bannock, L. M., Lagrue, C. & Poulin, R. (2007) Larval Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) and trematode metacercariae from the amphipod Paracorophium excavatum (Cotrophiidae) in New Zealand. Acta Parasitologica, 52, 146 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 007 - 0022 - 3" type="journal article">
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Luque
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338D4AC06524DC98FE" box="[1124,1174,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
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. (2007)
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</bibRefCitation>
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reported L4 of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF3389B9C08A211798C2" box="[151,349,1689,1714]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3389B9C08A211798C2" box="[151,349,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. in the haemocoel of amphipods,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338A35C08A241A98C1" box="[795,1104,1689,1714]" class="Malacostraca" family="Corophiidae" genus="Paracorophium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excavatum">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338A35C08A241A98C1" box="[795,1104,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Paracorophium excavatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from
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<collectingCountry id="F33143CEFF34FF338D8BC089250A98C2" box="[1189,1344,1689,1714]" name="New Zealand" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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waters. Furthermore, several of the adult males showed precocious sexual development, having undergone the 3rd and 4th (final) moults in the amphipod host. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338BECC0F62356988D" box="[706,796,1764,1789]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haze">
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338BECC0F62356988D" box="[706,796,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">H. haze</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also departs from the life-cycle known for many other species.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF34FF3389D6C11B22499950" box="[248,515,1800,1825]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" refString="Yoshinaga, T., Ogawa, K. & Wakabayashi, H. (1989) Life cycle of Hysterothylacium haze (Nematoda: Anisakidae: Raphidascaridinae). Journal of Parasitology, 75, 756 - 763. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3283061" type="journal article">
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Yoshinaga
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<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338858C11A21FA9951" box="[374,432,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
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(1989)
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</bibRefCitation>
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studied natural and experimental infections of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338D0CC11A24309951" box="[1058,1146,1800,1825]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haze">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338D0CC11A24309951" box="[1058,1146,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">H. haze</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in gobies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338DDAC11B21589935" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gobiidae" genus="Acanthogobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338DDAC11B21589935" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Acanthogobius flavimanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFF34FF338872C13F21E99935" box="[348,419,1836,1861]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
|
Bay, concluding that the life-cycle may be direct and involve invertebrates as paratenic hosts; this life-cycle might represent an example of extreme precocity in which the fish intermediate host has also become a final host (Anderson 1998).
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FF34FF3089E9C18B245A9D65" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B99035EFF34FF3089E9C18B245A9D65" blockId="133.[151,1437,1041,2005]" lastBlockId="134.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
|
Like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF33882DC18A21E299C0" box="[259,424,1945,1968]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Contracaecum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF33882DC18A21E299C0" box="[259,424,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Contracaecum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF3388CFC18B222199C1" box="[481,619,1944,1969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Phocascaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF3388CFC18B222199C1" box="[481,619,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Phocascaris</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see above) the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF34FF338A5CC18B247299C1" box="[882,1080,1944,1969]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF34FF338A5CC18B247299C1" box="[882,1080,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is defined by characteristics of the adults, and agreeing again with Moravec (2013) it is difficult to assign larvae to any one species. It is not possible to design a key for their reliable identification, and the following keys are for the identification of the adults only. Feeding experiments to rear larvae to adults and the application of molecular markers to identify species may be solutions to this and similar problems. Several taxa are considered and, where possible, described, their names having appeared in the relevant Canadian literature. Only two
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308D06C71724A49F6D" box="[1064,1262,260,285]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308D06C71724A49F6D" box="[1064,1262,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species (**
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308CAFC716214E9F30" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="analarum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308CAFC716214E9F30" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. analarum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and **
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF30887BC73A224A9F30" box="[341,512,295,320]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brachyurum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF30887BC73A224A9F30" box="[341,512,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. brachyurum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) are known from Canadian fresh-water fishes. While four species (**
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308C22C73A21A39F14" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308C22C73A25DD9F30" box="[1292,1431,295,320]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aduncum">H. aduncum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF3089B9C75E210C9F14" box="[151,326,333,356]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="corrugatum">H. corrugatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308879C75E21A39F14" box="[343,489,333,356]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incurvum">H. incurvum</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308B04C75E22F09F15" box="[554,698,332,357]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="reliquens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308B04C75E22F09F15" box="[554,698,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. reliquens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have been reported from Canadian marine fishes, only **
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308CAFC75E20B49FF8" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aduncum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308CAFC75E20B49FF8" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. aduncum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is abundant, having been recorded from a wide variety of fish species. In contrast, there is only one report, that of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF37FF308818C78622569FDC" box="[310,540,404,429]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J., Uhazy, L. S. & Hurley, P. C. (1983) Helminth parasites of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) from the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 69, 1178 - 1179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280895" type="journal article">
|
|
Hogans
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF3088BCC78621809FDD" box="[402,458,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1983)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, for each of the other three
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308A60C787245E9FDD" box="[846,1044,404,429]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308A60C787245E9FDD" box="[846,1044,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. All of the specimens were recovered from the stomachs of swordfish,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308BA4C7A423769FA0" ID-CoL="7G9C4" box="[650,828,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Xiphiidae" genus="Xiphias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladius">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308BA4C7A423769FA0" box="[650,828,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Xiphias gladius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, collected from the “northwest Atlantic Ocean”. The coordinates for the collection site(s) are not given but it may be assumed that these were within Canadian waters, so the descriptions are given below. Swordfish are oceanic travellers that enter Canadian waters usually about June and leave in October and November. They move through a great range of depths, feeding on various fish species and shortfin squid,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF30885CC45423709C10" ID-CoL="3PGGZ" authority="Scott and Scott 1988" authorityName="Scott and Scott" authorityYear="1988" box="[370,826,583,608]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Ommastrephidae" genus="Illex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oegopsida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="illecebrosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF30885CC454227B9C10" box="[370,561,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Illex illecebrosus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF37FF308B6FC45B23789C10" author="Scott" box="[577,818,583,608]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Scott, W. B. & Scott, M. G. (1988) Atlantic Fishes of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 210, 731 pp." type="book" year="1988">Scott and Scott 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is possible, therefore, that infections with the three species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF30883DC47F21939CF5" box="[275,473,620,645]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF30883DC47F21939CF5" box="[275,473,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were acquired by swordfish at locations remote from Canadian waters. It is worth noting that
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFF37FF308832C48322439CD8" box="[284,521,655,680]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J., Uhazy, L. S. & Hurley, P. C. (1983) Helminth parasites of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) from the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 69, 1178 - 1179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280895" type="journal article">
|
|
Hogans
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308854C48221FF9CD8" box="[378,437,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1983)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
deposited representative specimens of each nematode species (and of the other helminths collected) at a public museum and provided catalogue numbers; details may be found in the original paper. While two other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308B36C4C422949C80" box="[536,734,727,752]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308B36C4C422949C80" box="[536,734,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Hysterothylacium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308BC3C4CA233A9C80" box="[749,880,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. magnum</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFF37FF308A86C4CA243E9C80" box="[936,1140,727,752]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Hysterothylacium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="melanogrammi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFF37FF308A86C4CA243E9C80" box="[936,1140,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">H. melanogrammi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, have been recorded from Canadian marine fishes the species are of doubtful validity, as discussed below.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |