180 lines
19 KiB
XML
180 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="AE6C3E0A878DF5CB1F920919E374F25C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725668384680" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. & Prado, Jefferson" docDate="2017" docId="038F87DDFFF07933FF49FE9AFAA7FB96" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.332.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 332 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pteris quadriaurita Retz., Observ. Bot." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="229" masterDocId="FFB6FFA5FFEC792FFFC1FFE2FFB1FF8F" masterDocTitle="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae" masterLastPageNumber="250" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1725679656919" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1B469A557DAC83536EC81D377223EBF0">
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<mods:title id="408821DF57C6F244A1E31B2CE09D1E65">Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3F9DD3A79069AE3A4F2344E5B67974A5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A19DD6B75C8C7F92AC9D0BB318235DAA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="513CDF166724EB92147F5A9F4BF7AE21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C56BA33FF08DDE5448412E9D2F5453E0">Kessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61795A877D2087BD001EE7FB13EC87EB">Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH- 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2CE12667B42D2C338B40FEC86590603D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4B5DB22060925501AF4381368CD9C1E4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6BF2A5459C869F8267EBE824DF707B42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BBF3BF0812756592A2305B5212DEBD71">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C9559162E4F69CDE900773FD9314431E">University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. # 2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 2465</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="25B2DC7C40239608BC84E9CC522A325D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="18A8525349624314AA732C785030D953">Prado, Jefferson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7457235B77E9171402C4B967D25276AA">Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, CEP 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="18402AB2ED6CC7CCB0751380DB734FAA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9358796F597709B730A7625ED726C249">
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<mods:date id="5171C8926E6AC18467F6FAA90C4FFA2B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CFCACD50237F13193DFF139931852CC">2017-12-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8D76ED770F7761C8C0D7863A9BE5A7B9">332</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6E4353E66A8251E894CE1B1D6205EBEF">201</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6260E18CBFF0E6AE3CE2CA1CB14501A3">250</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="C5F2A307B7BFCB2B9DC3A77B1EEE6954">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EA27762EF9363B198D40E8115AFE1D1F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6E7299BC150B5B219323E9E89DCDEF1B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8FA186742029C17F3E2E94513D6FF222" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F87DDFFF07933FF49FE9AFAA7FB96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DDFFF07933FF49FE9AFAA7FB96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87DDFFF07933FF49FE9AFAA7FB96" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<subSubSection id="C33C6540FFF07933FF49FE9AFB16FE56" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49FE9AFCBBFE1E" blockId="28.[136,778,376,401]" box="[136,778,376,401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<heading id="D0D181A7FFF07933FF49FE9AFCBBFE1E" box="[136,778,376,401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF49FE9AFDF0FE1E" ID-CoL="6WL5K" authority="Retz., Observ. Bot." authorityName="Retz., Observ. Bot." box="[136,577,376,401]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF49FE9AFED5FE1E" bold="true" box="[136,356,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Pteris quadriaurita</emphasis>
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Retz., Observ. Bot.
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</taxonomicName>
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6: 38(–39). 1791.
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFE7EFB16FE56" blockId="28.[136,1452,412,1049]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFE7EFEA2FE3A" bold="true" box="[189,275,412,437]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Range:</emphasis>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FEF1FE7EFE36FE3A" box="[304,391,412,437]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, Mesoamerica, Greater and Lesser Antilles,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FCAEFE7EFC51FE3A" box="[879,992,412,437]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FC2BFE7EFBD1FE3A" box="[1002,1120,412,437]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FBA8FE7EFB7AFE3A" box="[1129,1227,412,437]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FB14FE7EFA9EFE3A" box="[1237,1327,412,437]" name="Guyana" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FAF8FE7EFA16FE3A" box="[1337,1447,412,437]" name="Suriname" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, French Guiana,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FEFDFE22FE2AFE56" box="[316,411,448,473]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FE67FE22FE6DFE56" box="[422,476,448,473]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FE26FE22FD88FE56" box="[487,569,448,473]" name="Bolivia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FD88FE22FDC5FE56" box="[585,628,448,473]" name="Switzerland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">CH</collectingCountry>
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, CO, LP, SC, TA), northern
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FC6FFE22FB91FE56" box="[942,1056,448,473]" name="Argentina" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FB9AFE22FB12FE56" box="[1115,1187,448,473]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C6540FFF07933FF7CFE06FAA7FB96" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFE06FBA4FE72" blockId="28.[136,1452,412,1049]" box="[189,1045,484,509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFE06FE97FE72" bold="true" box="[189,294,484,509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Ecology:</emphasis>
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—Common; in semideciduous and evergreen forests;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B2EFFF07933FC40FE06FBA0FE72" box="[897,1041,484,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="1275.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="350.0">350–2200 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFDEAFED1FC7A" blockId="28.[136,1452,412,1049]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFDEAFEB8FDAE" bold="true" box="[189,265,520,545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Notes:</emphasis>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FEE7FDEAFDABFDAE" authority="Desv." authorityName="Desv." box="[294,538,520,545]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumula">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FEE7FDEAFE7FFDAE" box="[294,462,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Pteris plumula</emphasis>
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Desv.
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</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<typeStatus id="549D8869FFF07933FDA5FDEAFD25FDAE" box="[612,660,520,545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
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from the Antilles, has been segregated by some (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FAD1FDEAFA16FDAE" author="Proctor, G. R." box="[1296,1447,520,545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref44003" refString="Proctor, G. R. (1985) Ferns of Jamaica - A Guide to the Pteridophytes. British Museum (Natural History), London, Henry Ling Ltd., The Dorset Press, Dorchester, 631 pp." type="book" year="1985">Proctor 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FF49FDCEFF70FDCA" author="Proctor, G. R." box="[136,193,556,581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 389" refId="ref44045" refString="Proctor, G. R. (1989) Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 53: 1 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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) from
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FECFFDCEFE08FDCA" box="[270,441,556,581]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FECFFDCEFE08FDCA" box="[270,441,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. quadriaurita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<typeStatus id="549D8869FFF07933FE09FDCEFE49FDCA" box="[456,504,556,581]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">type</typeStatus>
|
||
from
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FDFCFDCEFD1EFDCA" box="[573,687,556,581]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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||
. The earliest name for the neotropical element would be
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FAECFDCEFA14FDCA" box="[1325,1445,556,581]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumula">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FAECFDCEFA14FDCA" box="[1325,1445,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. plumula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, if the two species are considered distinct. Proctor was influenced by Trevor Walker, who published on the cytology and hybridization of this complex in
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FDF0FD96FDDAFD02" box="[561,619,628,653]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">India</collectingCountry>
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/
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FDB2FD96FD53FD02" box="[627,738,628,653]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FD33FD96FC38FD02" author="Walker, T. G." box="[754,905,628,653]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="321 - 332" refId="ref46216" refString="Walker, T. G. (1960) The Pteris quadriaurita complex in Ceylon. Kew Bulletin 14 (3): 321 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4114745" type="journal article" year="1960">Walker 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
), nearly 50 years ago, but Walker never studied the systematics of the neotropical element in this group.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FCC9FD7AFC57FD3E" author="Proctor, G. R." box="[776,998,664,689]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 389" refId="ref44045" refString="Proctor, G. R. (1989) Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 53: 1 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">Proctor (1989: 160)</bibRefCitation>
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||
has a short discussion giving his reason (cytological;
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FEDFFD5EFE26FD5A" box="[286,407,700,725]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumula">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FEDFFD5EFE26FD5A" box="[286,407,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. plumula</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, with limited sampling, appears to be triploid and apogamous;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FBA8FD5EFAA4FD5A" box="[1129,1301,700,725]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FBA8FD5EFAA4FD5A" box="[1129,1301,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. quadriaurita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FAFDFD5EFA1AFD5A" box="[1340,1451,700,725]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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||
appears to be diploid, and sexual), and the species was also recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FC12FD02FB3FFD76" author="Lellinger, D. B." box="[979,1166,736,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref42352" refString="Lellinger, D. B. (1989) The ferns and fern-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco (Part 1: Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae). Pteridologia 2 A: 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="1989">Lellinger (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FB03FD02FAF1FD76" box="[1218,1344,736,761]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FA8DFD02FA19FD76" box="[1356,1448,736,761]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Panama</collectingCountry>
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||
, and elsewhere in the Neotropics, but we are skeptical that the matter is sufficiently studied in the New World to support solid conclusions. Most systematists working with neotropical ferns have continued to use the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FAC1FCCAFA1AFCCE" box="[1280,1451,808,833]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadriaurita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FAC1FCCAFA1AFCCE" box="[1280,1451,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. quadriaurita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
for New World specimens (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FDCDFCAEFD27FCEA" author="Tryon, R. M." box="[524,662,844,869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref45997" refString="Tryon, R. M. (1964) The ferns of Peru. Polypodiaceae (Dennstaedtiae to Oleandreae). Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 194: 1 - 253." type="journal article" year="1964">Tryon 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FD67FCAEFC15FCEA" author="Tryon, R. M. & Stolze, R. G." box="[678,932,844,869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref46032" refString="Tryon, R. M. & Stolze, R. G. (1989 - 1994) Pteridophyta of Peru, Parts I - VI. Fieldiana, Botany, n. s., 20: i - iii, 1 - 145, 22: ii - iii, 1 - 128, 27: i - iii, 1 - 176, 29: i - iv, 1 - 80, 32: i - iv, 1 - 190, 34: i - iv, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1989">Tryon & Stolze 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FC75FCAEFBF6FCEA" author="Moran, R. C." box="[948,1095,844,869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref43273" refString="Moran, R. C. (1995) Pteris. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, M. S. & Knapp, S. (Eds.) Flora Mesoamericana: Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. Vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 470 pp." type="book" year="1995">Moran 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FB13FCAEFF62FC06" author="Prado, J. & Windisch, P. G." pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="103 - 199" refId="ref43912" refString="Prado, J. & Windisch, P. G. (2000) The genus Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) in Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Botanica 13: 103 - 199." type="journal article" year="2000">Prado & Windisch (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adopted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FEFBFC92FE00FC06" box="[314,433,880,905]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plumula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FEFBFC92FE00FC06" box="[314,433,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">P. plumula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FE21FC92FD99FC06" box="[480,552,880,905]" name="Brazil" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Based on morphology, we are unable to distinguish adequately specimens from southeastern Asian (Indian) material and neotropical areas. That the group is an apogamous complex adds complexity. For now, we favor maintaining a broad species concept in this group, until the matter is better studied and the reasons better documented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFBE2FAA7FB96" blockId="28.[136,1452,412,1049]" box="[189,1302,1024,1049]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FF7CFBE2FEEEFB96" author="Walker, T. G." box="[189,351,1024,1049]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="82 - 92" refId="ref46182" refString="Walker, T. G. (1958) Hybridization in some species of Pteris L. Evolution 12: 82 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2405906" type="journal article" year="1958">Walker (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported hybridization between this species and several related species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FB61FBE2FAA3FB96" box="[1184,1298,1024,1049]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |