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<mods:title id="EAA61E3C9B6F834CE4198ADFB52615A9">Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038F878BC93BFFB0F9EBFD91FD62F5F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160134008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC93BFFB0F9EBFD91FD62F5F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878BC93BFFB0F9EBFD91FD62F5F2" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9EBFD91FDCFF078" box="[151,598,584,611]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFD91FDCFF078" blockId="40.[151,598,584,647]" box="[151,598,584,611]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0D181F1C93BFFB1F9EBFD91FDCFF078" bold="true" box="[151,598,584,611]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F9EBFD91FDCFF078" ID-CoL="6ZHXN" ID-ENA="1350346" authority="(Roule, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,598,584,611]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9EBFD91FDCFF078" bold="true" box="[151,598,584,611]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9EBFD91FE31F079" bold="true" box="[151,424,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stauropathes punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1F8C4FD91FDD4F078" author="Roule" box="[440,589,584,610]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9EBFDB5FD12F0D3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFDB5FE88F09D" blockId="40.[151,598,584,647]" box="[151,273,620,647]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C93BFFB1F9EBFDB5FF70F09D" box="[151,233,620,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1818,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 21. MNRJ 8592: Stauropathes punctata (Roule, 1905). a: Corallum morphology; b: Pinnulation pattern; c: Organization of spines; d: Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528986/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C93BFFB1F989FDB4FE88F09D" box="[245,273,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="42.[151,250,904,929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,816]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,198,816]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 22. Geographic distribution of Stauropathes punctata (Roule, 1905). Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Roule, 1905; Molodtsova, 2006) and based on Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528988/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFD68FD12F0D3" blockId="40.[151,1437,688,836]" box="[151,651,688,713]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
(?)
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9C6FD68FEECF0D3" box="[186,373,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F9C6FD68FEBEF0D3" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[186,295,689,713]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Tylopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Tylopathes</taxonomicName>
hirta—
</emphasis>
Roule 1902: 8182; pl.4: 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9E2FD16FBC5F15E" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9E2FD16FBAFF0FD" blockId="40.[151,1437,688,836]" box="[158,1078,719,744]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611B3C93BFFB1F9E2FD16FBAFF0FD" box="[158,1078,719,744]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F9E2FD16FDB1F0F2" authority="Roule, 1905: 26" authorityName="Roule" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1905" box="[158,552,719,744]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Tylopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9E2FD16FEE4F0FD" box="[158,381,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tylopathes? punctata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1F8FFFD16FDB1F0F2" author="Roule, L." box="[387,552,719,744]" page="26" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1F8FFFD16FDB1F0F2" author="Roule" box="[387,552,719,744]" firstAuthor="Roule" page="26" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905: 26</bibRefCitation>
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, 28, 35, 81, 93, 95. fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1FA4FFD16FC67F0FD" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[819,1022,719,744]" page="417" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FA4FFD16FC67F0FD" author="Opresko" box="[819,1022,719,744]" firstAuthor="Opresko" page="417" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko, 2002: 417</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 420.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFD37FF6DF13F" blockId="40.[151,1437,688,836]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611B3C93BFFB1F9EBFD37FF6DF13F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F9EBFD37FDB0F11C" authority="Silberfeld 1909: 8" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,553,749,774]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9EBFD37FEFCF11C" box="[151,357,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antipathes punctata</emphasis>
Silberfeld 1909: 8
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1FB4AFD34FCC4F11C" author="Van Der Land, J. &amp; Opresko, D. M. &amp; Antipatharia" box="[566,861,749,774]" page="109" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FB4AFD34FCC4F11C" author="Land &amp; Opresko" box="[566,861,749,774]" firstAuthor="Land" page="109" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="109" refId="ref50051" refString="Van Der Land, J., Opresko, D. M. &amp; Antipatharia (2001) European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50, 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Land &amp; Opresko, 2001: 109</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Grasshoff, 1985b: 303, 306; Tyler &amp; Zibrowius, 1992: 217.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFCF2FBC5F15E" blockId="40.[151,1437,688,836]" box="[151,1116,811,836]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611B3C93BFFB1F9EBFCF2FBC5F15E" box="[151,1116,811,836]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F9EBFCF2FDD5F159" ID-CoL="6ZHXN" authority="Opresko, 2002: 417" authorityName="Opresko" authorityPageNumber="417" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,588,811,836]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9EBFCF2FEE2F159" box="[151,379,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stauropathes punctata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1F8FDFCF2FDD5F159" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[385,588,811,836]" page="417" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1F8FDFCF2FDD5F159" author="Opresko" box="[385,588,811,836]" firstAuthor="Opresko" page="417" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko, 2002: 417</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 420;
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1FBF6FCF2FCE0F159" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[650,889,811,836]" page="148" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FBF6FCF2FCE0F159" author="Molodtsova" box="[650,889,811,836]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" page="148" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC93BFFB1FAFFFCF2FBC1F15E" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[899,1112,811,836]" page="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FAFFFCF2FBC1F15E" author="Molodtsova" box="[899,1112,811,836]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" page="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref48147" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Antipatharia. Invertebrate Zoology, 11, 3 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.02" type="journal article" year="2014">Molodtsova, 2014: 6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9EBFCABFB80F1CF" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9EBFCABFAC8F196" blockId="40.[151,1437,881,1988]" box="[151,1361,881,909]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C93BFFB1F9EBFCABFAD4F196" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446840049" box="[151,1357,881,909]" county="Azores" elevation="1300" location="Azores" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9EBFCABFE3DF196" bold="true" box="[151,420,881,908]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Type and type locality.</emphasis>
Prince of Monaco Collection (specimen not traced),
<collectingCounty id="62F84E11C93BFFB1FA89FCABFBDEF196" box="[1013,1095,882,908]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Azores</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C93BFFB1FD2EFCABFB3EF196" box="[1106,1191,882,908]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="000BD1AEC93BFFB1FD2EFCABFB3EF196" box="[1106,1191,882,908]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FDCAFCABFADDF196" author="Roule" box="[1206,1348,881,908]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9BBFC4CFB80F1CF" blockId="40.[151,1437,881,1988]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9BBFC4CFE2BF1AA" bold="true" box="[199,434,917,944]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Material examined.</emphasis>
Rio Grande Rise,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC93BFFB1FBF9FC4CFCB5F1AA" box="[645,812,917,944]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="1" seconds="31.92" value="-30.8922">30º5331.92”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC93BFFB1FA45FC4CFC31F1AA" box="[825,936,917,944]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="15" seconds="9" value="-35.052498">35º39”W</geoCoordinate>
; Initial depth:
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C93BFFB1FD2DFC4FFB33F1AA" box="[1105,1194,918,944]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
; final depth:
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C93BFFB1FC3CFC4CFA01F1AA" box="[1344,1432,917,944]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
. PROERG/
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C93BFFB1F86CFC63FEC6F1CE" box="[272,351,954,980]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CPRM</collectionCode>
. ERG 065—Dredge—
<date id="FF98105DC93BFFB1FB1CFC60FD42F1CE" box="[608,731,953,980]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2011-06-15">15/06/2011</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C93BFFB1FB96FC63FCAEF1CE" box="[746,823,954,980]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8592, 3 fragments).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9BBFC04FBDFF692" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9BBFC04FBDFF692" blockId="40.[151,1437,881,1988]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9BBFC04FEDBF1E2" bold="true" box="[199,322,989,1016]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Corallum branched and pinnulate, with branches arising in dichotomous form, mainly in single plane, and with some anastomosis. Branches with great regularity. Pinnules arranged in two bilateral rows and in subopposite pairs. Pinnules in the same row
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apart on the larger branches, and
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apart on the smaller branches. Spines triangular and smooth, with a height generally between
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, and distance between spines of the same row
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(adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FBADFBB7FCC3F692" author="Roule" box="[721,858,1133,1160]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FAEDFBB7FBA3F692" author="Opresko" box="[913,1082,1134,1160]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko, 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9BBFB48FCC1F446" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9BBFB48FCC1F446" blockId="40.[151,1437,881,1988]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9BBFB48FDE8F6B6" bold="true" box="[199,625,1169,1196]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description of Brazilian specimens.</emphasis>
Three fragments (MNRJ 8592) branched up to 2th or 4th order, pinnulated, mainly in a single plane (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C93BFFB1F887FB6FFDC5F6CA" box="[507,604,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1818,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 21. MNRJ 8592: Stauropathes punctata (Roule, 1905). a: Corallum morphology; b: Pinnulation pattern; c: Organization of spines; d: Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528986/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
). Larger fragment with total length of approximately
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, and width of approximately
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. Smallest fragment with total length of approximately
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, and width of
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. Thickness of the stem reaching
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in the largest fragment. Pinnules in two lateral rows, arranged in oppositepairs, and inclined towards the distal end of the colony (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C93BFFB1FBF0FAFBFD74F727" box="[652,749,1314,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1818,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,174,1755]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 21. MNRJ 8592: Stauropathes punctata (Roule, 1905). a: Corallum morphology; b: Pinnulation pattern; c: Organization of spines; d: Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528986/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 21b</figureCitation>
). Distal angle between pinules and stem of 40° to 65°. Internal angle between pair of pinnules in subopposition varying from 100° to 130°. Some pinnules fusing with pinnules of nearby branches. Length of the pinnules between 2 and
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. Pinnules spaced
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apart in each row (7 to 8 pinnules occurring on each side along five centimeters of axis), with spacing decreasing towards the apex of the colony. Pinnular diameter between 0.2 and
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, with decreasing diameter in the base-apex direction of the pinnules. Spines small, triangular and smooth, arranged in 6 regular rows visible with the Optical Microscope (M.O.) (
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c-d). Spine size mainly
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. Width of spine base between 0.06 and
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. Distance between spines of the same row very variable, from
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, with an average of 6 spines per millimeter. Distance between rows of spines approximately
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. Polyps degraded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93BFFB1F9BBF9BFFCCAF5DE" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93BFFB1F9BBF9BFFCCAF5DE" blockId="40.[151,1437,881,1988]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F9BBF9BFFEA2F49A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1638,1664]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimen from the Rio Grande Rise differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1FAF3F9BFFC61F49A" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[911,1016,1638,1664]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1FAF3F9BFFC61F49A" box="[911,1016,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the latter is shrubby, forming branches in more than one plane (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FB76F953FD2AF4BE" author="Opresko" box="[522,691,1674,1700]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko, 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FBC1F953FC15F4BF" author="Molodtsova" box="[701,908,1674,1701]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens described here are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1FCFBF953FE86F4D2" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1FCFBF953FE86F4D2" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the spacing between the pairs of pinnules in the specimens examined (
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) is less than that reported by
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for the species (
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). This smaller spacing between the pinnules is reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1F9C0F92FFEF6F50A" author="Opresko" box="[188,367,1782,1808]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko (2002)</bibRefCitation>
as a characteristic that distinguishes
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1FA60F92FFC5BF50A" box="[796,962,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. staurocrada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1FD77F92FFB12F50A" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[1035,1163,1782,1808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1FD77F92FFB12F50A" box="[1035,1163,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FDE0F92FFAABF50A" author="Roule" box="[1180,1330,1781,1808]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule (1905)</bibRefCitation>
does not provide morphometric features of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1FB64F8C3FD0FF52E" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[536,662,1818,1844]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1FB64F8C3FD0FF52E" box="[536,662,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spines, as mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93BFFB1FACCF8C3FBFDF52E" author="Opresko" box="[944,1124,1818,1844]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref48859" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. However, Roule states that the spines of the species
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93BFFB1F8CAF8E7FDACF542" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[438,565,1854,1880]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93BFFB1F8CAF8E7FDACF542" box="[438,565,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">S. punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attract attention because of their smallness and excessive abundance, which also describe the spines of the specimens analyzed. In addition, the geographical proximity between the records of the species and the Rio Grande Rise, as well as the illustrations presented in the original description, support the conclusion that the Brazilian specimens belong to this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF596615C93AFFB0F9EBF8C3FE66F54D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528986/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[151,250,1818,1843]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1755]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93AFFB0F9EBF8C3FE66F54D" blockId="41.[151,1436,1818,1879]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93AFFB0F9EBF8C3FE86F529" bold="true" box="[151,287,1818,1843]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
MNRJ 8592:
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC93AFFB0F8D3F8C2FCB1F529" authority="(Roule, 1905)" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Roule" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[431,808,1818,1843]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93AFFB0F8D3F8C2FD0BF529" box="[431,658,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Stauropathes punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93AFFB0FBE3F8C3FC86F529" author="Roule" box="[671,799,1818,1843]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. a: Corallum morphology; b: Pinnulation pattern; c: Organization of spines; d: Spines magnified.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C93AFFB0F9BBF85CFD62F5F2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC93AFFB0F9BBF85CFD62F5F2" blockId="41.[151,1436,1925,2024]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC93AFFB0F9BBF85CFEF8F5BA" bold="true" box="[199,353,1925,1952]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distribution.</emphasis>
Santa Cruz das
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC93AFFB0FB63F85CFD2FF585" box="[543,694,1925,1951]" name="Flores Island" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Flores Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC93AFFB0FBBEF85FFC8DF5BA" box="[706,788,1926,1952]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Azores</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC93AFFB0FA5DF85CFC19F585" box="[801,896,1925,1951]" name="Portugal" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93AFFB0FAEDF85CFBB8F5BA" author="Roule" box="[913,1057,1925,1952]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
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);
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC93AFFB0FC6BF85CFA05F585" box="[1303,1436,1925,1951]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93AFFB0F84CF870FE22F5DE" author="Roule" box="[304,443,1961,1988]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
) and Southwestern Atlantic, Rio Grande Rise (this work) (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C93AFFB0FD35F870FB04F5DE" box="[1097,1181,1961,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="42.[151,250,904,929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,816]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,198,816]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 22. Geographic distribution of Stauropathes punctata (Roule, 1905). Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Roule, 1905; Molodtsova, 2006) and based on Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528988/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); from
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C93AFFB0FD92F873FADAF5DE" box="[1262,1347,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93AFFB0FC2DF870FF4BF5F2" author="Roule" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC93AFFB0F9A2F814FE35F5F2" author="Molodtsova" box="[222,428,1997,2024]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
) to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C93AFFB0F8ABF814FDB5F5F2" box="[471,556,1997,2024]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
depth (this work).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>