397 lines
54 KiB
XML
397 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D269D052237762261500FBC7BDA1DCEC">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875 (formally resurrected from synonymy of H. pardalis Selenka, 1867) and Holothuria (Lessonothuria) lineata Ludwig, 1875 - new additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Pakistan, with a key to the subgenus Lessonothuria Deichmann (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3EFFEF3BEF1C87FD60F873" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,767,1933,1960]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3EFFEF3BEF1C87FD60F873" bold="true" box="[151,767,1933,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3EFFEF3BEF1C87FDD1F873" bold="true" box="[151,590,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="309">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3EFFEF392D1C87FD60F873" author="Ludwig" box="[597,767,1933,1959]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC3EFFEF3BEF1CBBFF6AF81F" box="[151,245,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3EFFEF3BEF1CBBFF6AF81F" blockId="2.[151,767,1933,1995]" box="[151,245,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3EFFEF3BEF1CBBFF6AF81F" box="[151,245,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="309">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BEF1B93FDB8FF65" authority="Ludwig, 1875: 106" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,551,152,177]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1B93FEC2FF64" box="[151,349,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria insignis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3A1B1B92FDB8FF65" author="Ludwig" box="[355,551,152,177]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875: 106</bibRefCitation>
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, p1.7, fig.28.
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1BBDFD3AFF04" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,361]" box="[151,677,183,208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BEF1BBDFD3EFF04" authority="Sluiter, 1890: 106" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,673,183,208]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="pardalis" variety="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1BBDFEFDFF1B" box="[151,354,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria pardalis</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3AEC1BB2FE7CFF1B" box="[404,483,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">insignis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3A911BBDFD3EFF04" author="Sluiter" box="[489,673,183,208]" firstAuthor="Sluiter" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref8940" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1890) Nachtrachliches uber die Echinodermen-fauna des Java-Meeres. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlande-Indie, 49, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="1890">Sluiter, 1890: 106</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1BDCFD84FF3A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,361]" box="[151,539,213,238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE3BEF1BDCFD88FF3A" author="Heding, S. G." box="[151,535,213,238]" page="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" year="1934">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BEF1BDCFD88FF3A" authority="Heding, 1934: 23" authorityName="Heding" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,535,213,238]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Halodeima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1BDCFEC2FF3A" box="[151,349,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Halodeima insignis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1BFFFCBBFEF8" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BEF1BFFFD5EFED9" authority="Rowe, 1969: 149" authorityName="Rowe" authorityPageNumber="149" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,705,244,269]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1BFFFE97FED9" box="[151,264,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3A601BFFFE36FED9" box="[280,425,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Lessonothuria</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3AC11BFFFD97FED8" box="[441,520,245,268]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">insignis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE39681BFFFD5EFED9" box="[528,705,244,269]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Rowe, 1969: 149</bibRefCitation>
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(passim);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE38571BFEFBD2FED9" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[815,1101,244,269]" page="176" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE38571BFEFBD2FED9" author="Clark and Rowe" box="[815,1101,244,269]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8058" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark and Rowe, 1971: 176</bibRefCitation>
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(distrib.), p. 194 (note);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE3E281BFFFEBFFEFF" author="Samyn, Y." page="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3E281BFFFEBFFEFF" author="Samyn" firstAuthor="Samyn" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref8802" refString="Samyn, Y. (2003) Shallow-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) from Kenya and Pemba Island (Tanzania). Studies in Afrotropical Zoology, 292, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="2003">Samyn, 2003: 42</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(passim);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE3AF41A19FDDBFEFF" box="[396,580,275,299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3AF41A19FDDBFEFF" author="Massin, C. & Vandenspiegel, D." box="[396,580,275,299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="81 - 91" refId="ref8744" refString="Samyn, Y, Massin, C. & Vandenspiegel, D. (2019) The sea cucumber Holothuria lineata Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuroidea, Aspiochirotida, Holothuriidae) re-described from the newly found type. ZooKeys, 836, 81 - 91. https // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 836.29932." type="journal article" year="2019">
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Samyn
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3AA01A1EFD9AFEFF" box="[472,517,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
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. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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(in remarks and key).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1A38FB5CFE9E" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,361]" box="[151,1219,305,330]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE3BEF1A38FC87FE9E" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[151,792,305,330]" page="292" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" year="1995">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BEF1A38FC87FE9E" authority="Rowe & Gates, 1995: 292" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,792,305,330]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1A38FD95FE9E" box="[151,522,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE39681A38FC87FE9E" author="Rowe & Gates" box="[528,792,305,330]" firstAuthor="Rowe" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref8639" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 33. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i-xiii + 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates, 1995: 292</bibRefCitation>
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(partim);?
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE38F01A3BFBE9FE9E" author="Cherbonnier" box="[904,1142,305,330]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 292" refId="ref8017" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes, Holothurides. Faune de Madagascar. In: Publice les auspices du Gouvernement de la Republique Malgache. Vol. 70. ORSTOM, Paris, pp. 1 - 292." type="book chapter" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988:117</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig.47.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1A5BFB0DFEBD" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,361]" box="[151,1170,336,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB36876FAC3FFFEE3BEF1A5BFB0DFEBD" box="[151,1170,336,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1A5BFF55FEBC" box="[151,202,337,360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">?non</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A878650AC3FFFEE3BA81A5BFD6BFEBD" box="[208,756,336,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3BA81A5BFD6BFEBD" authority="Thandar 2007: 16" authorityName="Thandar" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="2007" box="[208,756,336,361]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BA81A5BFDA1FEBC" box="[208,574,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE393C1A5AFD6BFEBD" author="Thandar" box="[580,756,336,361]" firstAuthor="Thandar" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9182" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2007) Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1414 (1), 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1414.1.1." type="journal article" year="2007">Thandar 2007:16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, text fig. 6 (=?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE38F11A5BFB19FEBD" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[905,1158,336,361]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE38F11A5BFC71FEBD" box="[905,1006,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE388D1A5AFB19FEBD" author="Ludwig" box="[1013,1158,336,361]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC3FFFEE3BEF1A9CFC5AFE02" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BEF1A9CFC5AFE02" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BEF1A9CFE1FFE65" bold="true" box="[151,384,406,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Sunahri Beach,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39401A9DFC29FE65" box="[568,950,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12C686AC3FFFEE39401A9DFD6EFE65" box="[568,753,407,433]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" precision="1" seconds="33.49" value="24.875969">24º 52’33.49’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12C686AC3FFFEE39841A9DFC2CFE65" box="[764,947,407,433]" degrees="66" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" precision="1" seconds="40.20" value="66.67783">66º 40’40.20’’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holo. 19, rocky shore,
|
||
<date id="FF988681AC3FFFEE3FC61A9DFA07FE65" box="[1214,1432,407,433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" value="2014-11-24">24 November 2014</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D206BC8AC3FFFEE3BEF1AB1FF77FE02" box="[151,232,443,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
; Buleji,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3A3E1AB1FD20FE01" box="[326,703,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12C686AC3FFFEE3A3E1AB1FD9FFE01" box="[326,512,443,469]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" precision="1" seconds="20.41" value="24.839003">24º 50’20.41’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12C686AC3FFFEE39721AB1FD20FE01" box="[522,703,443,469]" degrees="66" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" precision="1" seconds="24.15" value="66.82337">66º 49’24.15’’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF988681AC3FFFEE39B51AB0FCF4FE01" box="[717,875,442,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" value="2015-04-15">15 April 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D206BC8AC3FFFEE380E1AB1FC5AFE02" box="[886,965,443,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC3FFFEE3BBF1AD4FA95FDCA" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BBF1AD4FA95FDCA" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BBF1AD4FEB5FE2D" bold="true" box="[199,298,478,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens were found attached to a rock in the intertidal zone. This species inhabits the lower mid-littoral zone on rock and sand substrate, living under boulders or hides in sand in shallow waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC3FFFEE3BBF192CFAC7FB89" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BBF192CFD28FCCE" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BBF192CFEC6FD95" bold="true" box="[199,345,550,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen from Sunahri beach was
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE3989192DFCDEFD96" box="[753,833,551,578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
long whereas the specimen from Buleji measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE3EF8192DFF59FDB2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Both specimens are cylindrical with the dorso-ventral surfaces well arched. Colouration of live specimens was dark brown dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE3AFF1965FE63FD5D" box="[391,508,623,649]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the ventral surface light brown to creamy-white with brown blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE3E291965FF28FD7A" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).The dorsal body wall is only slightly thick but rough to touch. Podia are scattered over the entire body surface with the dorsal ones tipped light creamy-brown. The mouth is ventral and encircled by 18 tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE3F8A19BDFAFAFD05" box="[1266,1381,695,721]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the anus terminal, encircled by six papillae. Both the Polian vesicle and stone single are single but the madreporite was not observed. Cuvierian tubules are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BB71829FAC7FB89" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Body wall ossicles comprise tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE39111829FD40FCE9" box="[617,735,803,829]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and pseudo-buttons, the latter often slightly knobbed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE3E291829FF25FCB5" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tables,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE3A2F184DFE50FCB6" box="[343,463,839,866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="20.0">20–86 µm</quantity>
|
||
, have a squarish or rounded disc usually perforated by the four central holes, rarely more and with a very spiny margin. The spire is stunted or drastically reduced, terminating in a few teeth, or absent, then teeth appear to be present on disc only; the spire terminates in usually eight teeth surrounding a central hole. Dorsally and ventrally the pseudo-buttons, 20–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE39D318B9FD6BFC1A" box="[683,756,947,974]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 µm</quantity>
|
||
, are both regular (complete) and irregular (incomplete) with the latter predominating. The ventral podia are supported by elongated rods,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE389718DDFBEDFC26" box="[1007,1138,983,1010]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" metricValueMax="2.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="0.88" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="181.0" valueMax="274.0" valueMin="88.0">88–274 µm</quantity>
|
||
, perforated with 1–2 holes at each end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE3A5E18F1FE00FBC1" box="[294,415,1019,1045]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The end plates of the ventral podia,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE383218F1FC52FBC2" box="[842,973,1019,1046]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="72.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="34.0">34–110 µm</quantity>
|
||
, are surrounded by elongated plates with undulating margin and paired series of large holes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC3FFFEE39B41F15FCA2FBED" box="[716,829,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[160,1427,181,1873]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875. Holo. 19. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C.Anterior end with extended tentacles; D. Tables of dorsal integument E. Regular and irregular pseudo-buttons of integument; F. Plate from ventral tube foot; G. Rod of tentacle; H. Tube feet rod; I. Papillae rods; J. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771513/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
); the dorsal podia have similar but slightly shorter rods (2I),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE3BB71F49FECCFB8A" box="[207,339,1091,1118]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="0.38" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="136.0" valueMax="234.0" valueMin="38.0">38–234 µm</quantity>
|
||
. The tentacle rods,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE39541F48FD3EFB8A" box="[556,673,1090,1118]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="30.0">30–52 µm</quantity>
|
||
, may be branched at one end and perforated at the other (2G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC3FFFE83BBF1F6DFC7DFE5F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BBF1F6DFF20FAE1" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3BBF1F6DFEA4FB55" bold="true" box="[199,315,1127,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3A3A1F6DFCE3FB55" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[322,892,1126,1153]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3A3A1F6DFD48FB55" box="[322,727,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE39A71F6DFCE3FB55" author="Ludwig" box="[735,892,1126,1153]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not reported from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3FD61F6DFA92FB55" box="[1198,1293,1127,1153]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
coast before and hence it is new to the fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE395B1F81FD1DFB71" box="[547,642,1163,1189]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The specimens are similar to those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3FCD1F81FAC1FB71" author="Ludwig" box="[1205,1374,1162,1189]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Bowen (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3B8E1FA5FEFCFB1E" box="[246,355,1199,1226]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3A0E1FBAFDB8FB1E" author="Lampert" box="[374,551,1199,1226]" firstAuthor="Lampert" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="49 - 71" refId="ref8303" refString="Lampert, K. (1896) Die von Dr. Stuhlmann in den Jahren 1888 - 1889 an der Ostkuste Afrikas gessamelten Holothurien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatinstitut und Zoologischen Museum, Hamburg, 13, 49 - 71, 3 figs." type="book chapter" year="1896">Lampert (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from East Africa, and recently by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE38C81FA5FB0FFB1E" author="Samyn" box="[944,1168,1199,1226]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Samyn" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref8688" refString="Samyn, Y., VandenSpiegel, D. & Massin, C. (2006) A new Indo-West Pacific species of Actinopyga (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida: Holothuriidae). Zootaxa, 1138 (1), 53 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1138.1.3." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Samyn
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3F7D1FBAFBA8FB1D" box="[1029,1079,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3E781FA5FAF7FB1D" box="[1280,1384,1199,1225]" name="Comoros" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Comores</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3BEF1FD9FE0FFB39" author="Afkhami" box="[151,400,1234,1261]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Afkhami" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref7823" refString="Afkhami, M., Ehsanpour, M. & Nasrolahi, A. (2015) Two sea cucumber species (Holothuria bacilli and H. insignis), first record from the Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000718." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Afkhami
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3A7B1FDEFEA2FB39" box="[259,317,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Persian Gulf (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE39D81FD9FCD0FB3A" box="[672,847,1235,1262]" name="Hormuz Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Hormuz Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Their specimen size-range varied from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC3FFFEE3E5A1FD9FA02FB3A" box="[1314,1437,1235,1262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="20.0">20–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
with the dorsal life colouration described as darkish grey or brown, striped brown, and ventral life colouration whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFEE3BBF1E35FD9DFA3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3BBF1E35FE53FA8D" author="Clark and Rowe" box="[199,460,1343,1370]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8058" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark and Rowe (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded this species from the Red Sea, Eastern Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3F1A1E35FB74FA8D" box="[1122,1259,1343,1369]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bay of Bengal, East Indies, north
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3A1B1E69FE52FAA9" box="[355,461,1379,1405]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3AA01E69FDC6FAA9" box="[472,601,1379,1405]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE391C1E69FD35FAA9" box="[612,682,1379,1405]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE39821E6EFCA5FAAA" box="[762,826,1380,1406]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south Pacific Is.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3F551E69FB4EFAA9" author="Heding" box="[1069,1233,1379,1405]" firstAuthor="Heding" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8268" refString="Heding, S. G. (1934) On some holothurians from Hong Kong. Hong Kong Naturalist, Supplement 3, 15 - 25, 5 figs., pl. 9." type="book chapter" year="1934">Heding (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported on some holothuroids from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3A161E82FE6CFA76" box="[366,499,1416,1442]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
which included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE39CC1E82FCB0FA75" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[692,815,1416,1441]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39CC1E82FCB0FA75" box="[692,815,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which he was convinced differs significantly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE3EF91E82FF6CFA11" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityYear="1995" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE3EF91E82FF6CFA11" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3A7A1EA6FE23FA12" author="Ducarme" box="[258,444,1451,1478]" firstAuthor="Ducarme" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="9 - 14" refId="ref8232" refString="Ducarme, F. (2016) Field observations of sea cucumbers in Ari Atoll, and comparison with two nearby atolls in Maldives. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 36, 9 - 14." type="journal article" year="2016">Ducarme (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE39501EA6FD3DFA11" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[552,674,1452,1477]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39501EA6FD3DFA11" box="[552,674,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among 14 species of sea cucumbers encountered during the survey of nearby atolls in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331E0D1AC3FFFEE3AEA1EC5FE61FA3D" box="[402,510,1487,1513]" name="Maldives" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC3FFFE83BBF1EF9FC7DFE5F" blockId="3.[151,1437,406,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3A401EF9FDB3F9D9" author="Clark & Rowe" box="[312,556,1523,1550]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8058" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark & Rowe (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE39AC1EFEFCCDF9D9" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityYear="1995" box="[724,850,1523,1549]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39AC1EFEFCCDF9D9" box="[724,850,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE38F01EFEFB9EF9D9" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[904,1025,1524,1549]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE38F01EFEFB9EF9D9" box="[904,1025,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in their note on p. 194, question the validity of the latter but because of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE395C1D1DFD45F9E5" author="Heding's" box="[548,730,1559,1585]" firstAuthor="Heding's" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8268" refString="Heding, S. G. (1934) On some holothurians from Hong Kong. Hong Kong Naturalist, Supplement 3, 15 - 25, 5 figs., pl. 9." type="book chapter" year="1934">Heding’s (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
viewpoint, retained it as a valid species. Later, however, Rowe (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC3FFFEE3BC61D36FE3BF981" author="Rowe & Gates" box="[190,420,1594,1622]" firstAuthor="Rowe" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref8639" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 33. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne, pp. i-xiii + 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) accepted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE39651D36FD08F981" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[541,663,1596,1621]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39651D36FD08F981" box="[541,663,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the synonymy of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE38F81D36FB99F981" box="[896,1030,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE38F81D36FB9DF981" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityYear="1995" box="[896,1026,1595,1621]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">H. pardalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
after examining some type material and numerous specimens from various museums and localities. A study of the ossicles of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D1EE3AC3FFFEE3FE41D6AFB6CF9AE" box="[1180,1267,1632,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZMH E2573) by AST, received from Dr Samyn, revealed that the table discs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE380A1D8EFC74F949" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[882,1003,1668,1693]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE380A1D8EFC74F949" box="[882,1003,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually have four central holes, hardly any marginal holes, a remarkably reduced or absent spire and with most of the buttons (ca. 60%) incomplete, or often developed with a single series of three holes on one side, not showing any sign of reduction, or are sometimes reduced to C-shaped rods, but rarely twisted. Complete buttons have three pairs of slit-like holes and rarely small terminal holes and are deeply constricted in the middle. The rods of the papillae are expanded at ends which may bear perforations or the rods are just thick, curved structures without perforations or spines. Rods of the ventral podia are straight or slightly curved, sometimes spinose, with 3–7 holes at each end. Plates associated with end plates of the ventral podia appear rounded or slightly elongated with undulating, sometimes spinose margin, with large paired series of holes unlike the plates found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE39CC1CAEFCB9F869" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[692,806,1955,1981]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE39CC1CAEFCB9F869" box="[692,806,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have a convincingly spinose or serrated margin. Hence, we opine that there is enough morphological evidence to resurrect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC3FFFEE388E1CC2FBECF835" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[1014,1139,1992,2017]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC3FFFEE388E1CC2FBECF835" box="[1014,1139,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="310">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83BEF1B90FE87FF67" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,280,153,179]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83BEF1B90FE87FF67" box="[151,280,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This evidence is here summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A495FAAC39FFE839AB1B93FCB6FF67" box="[723,809,153,179]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,442,466]" captionTargetBox="[166,1407,518,1072]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison between Holothuria insignis and Holothuria pardalis collected from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF59F0C9AC3BFFEA3BEF1AB0FF56FE22" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" tableUuid="DF59F0C9AC3BFFEA3BEF1AB0FF56FE22">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, which compares both species. The ossicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83E301B90FF50FF03" authorityName="Rowe & Gates" authorityYear="1995" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83E301B90FF50FF03" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DBCC4AC39FFE83AE61BB7FD9FFF03" box="[414,512,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[165,1423,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis Selenka, 1867. A. Dorsal view; B. Pseudo-buttons from body wall; C. Tables from body wall; D. End-plate; E. Podial rods; F. Rods of tentacles; G. Part of calcareous ring (single dorsal radial and adjoining interradial plates)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771515/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
for the purpose of comparison. The fact that some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83F811BB4FAE8FF03" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[1273,1399,190,215]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83F811BB4FAE8FF03" box="[1273,1399,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do show some plates associated with the end plate with also serrated margins as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83F531BE8FB02FF2F" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[1067,1181,225,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83F531BE8FB02FF2F" box="[1067,1181,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these may be a result of hybridization, as both species are sympatric over a wide range wherever they occur, or some other factors. In this light
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC39FFE83A7F1A23FE4EFE97" author="Thandar's" box="[263,465,297,323]" firstAuthor="Thandar's" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9182" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2007) Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1414 (1), 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1414.1.1." type="journal article" year="2007">Thandar’s (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83AA21A20FDC7FE97" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[474,600,298,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83AA21A20FDC7FE97" box="[474,600,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was later transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE838B71A20FBAAFE97" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[975,1077,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineat">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE838B71A20FBAAFE97" box="[975,1077,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. lineat</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a, needs re-examination on the bases of new materials and the characters here recorded, taking into account the re-description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D1EE3AC39FFE83E5C1A47FAE2FEB3" box="[1316,1405,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE83BEF1A78FF64FE5F" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,251,369,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineat">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83BEF1A78FF64FE5F" box="[151,251,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. lineat</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a by Samyn
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE83AF21A78FE23FE5F" box="[394,444,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019), as it might represent a true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC39FFE838271A78FC44FE5F" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[863,987,370,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="312" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC39FFE838271A78FC44FE5F" box="[863,987,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="312">H. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |