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<document id="648B90825AAE2BF05A82AB2A5CBB196D" ID-CLB-Dataset="45502" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279982" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4248586-83fd-4f49-96f3-10b5bb3e93a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279982" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460436114782" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Neser, Ottilie C." docDate="2012" docId="038C879BFF8AFFD9FF37FCD25B57EC78" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03183p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3183" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Astichus silvani Neser, 2012, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFB5FFE3FF83FFD3FFA0FF8F5E7EEA54" masterDocTitle="The first record of Astichus Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entiinae), parasitoids of Ciidae (Coleoptera) in bracket fungi, from the Afrotropical Region and the description of four new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698332265694" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="13C11E845CBA4D7C3A521974A6E03A68" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="699FAE9CBC36195050051D34BD44AAF8">
<mods:title id="2C10022E39C48E3F51B26495B79C1109">The first record of Astichus Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entiinae), parasitoids of Ciidae (Coleoptera) in bracket fungi, from the Afrotropical Region and the description of four new species from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="35B9266520563A99E60BFA133CF77C23" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1292F0E728D58A13570BC0428D8626B8">Neser, Ottilie C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7DD97DEA0DDE2FB6AD29D9CB3468F535">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B4AEACE2D3F28B3BFF05F19E19130FCD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5F4E2C5509ED704B57C183EEA0544652">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="63F7BD5D1C56B4EF49B92F57D3CFA8C4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="019D7E255C40E7127D478D0355254AFF">3183</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D0D5AB8B1B8B3ADB4A1340CFFC07D1DB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A2B7058B0641AE9688249361B6E1980" type="CLB-Dataset">45502</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC9BED7CC9B689E0C948465C2BC03B52" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.279982</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73279ED32BEEEB276B02E89B9FB0EC4A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5BFE3C5297FEDD18CD2BCFA46F948C61" type="Zenodo-Dep">279982</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038C879BFF8AFFD9FF37FCD25B57EC78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167572" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119431890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C879BFF8AFFD9FF37FCD25B57EC78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C879BFF8AFFD9FF37FCD25B57EC78" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF8AFFDAFF37FCD25FD7E9CD" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFDAFF37FCD25FEDE921" blockId="9.[151,425,861,921]" box="[151,403,861,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D0D281E1FF8AFFDAFF37FCD25FEDE921" bold="true" box="[151,403,861,886]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF37FCD25FEDE921" bold="true" box="[151,403,861,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF8AFFDAFF37FCD25F33E922" box="[151,333,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Astichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF37FCD25F33E922" bold="true" box="[151,333,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Astichus silvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257E4FF8AFFDAFEF4FCD25FEDE921" box="[340,403,861,885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFDAFF37FC0E5FD7E9CD" blockId="9.[151,425,861,921]" box="[151,425,897,921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFF37FC0E5EA0E9CD" box="[151,222,897,921]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of female. 1. Astichus micans. 2. Astichus silvani. 3. Astichus gracilis. 4. Astichus naiadis. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFF4AFC0E5E84E9CD" box="[234,250,897,921]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Female forewings. 5. Astichus micans. 6. A. silvani. 7. A. gracilis. 8. A. naiadis." pageId="9" pageNumber="58">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFEA6FC0E5F30E9CD" box="[262,334,897,921]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">11, 12</figureCitation>
; Map 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF8AFFDAFF37FC455DA6E9B5" box="[151,984,969,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFDAFF37FC455DA6E9B5" blockId="9.[151,1437,969,2037]" box="[151,984,969,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF37FC455F60E9B6" bold="true" box="[151,286,970,994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF8AFFDAFE84FC465FBAE9B5" authority="Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[292,452,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Astichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvani">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFE84FC465F11E9B5" box="[292,367,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">silvani</emphasis>
(Latin)
</taxonomicName>
= belonging to Silvanus, the god of the forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF8AFFDAFF67FC625FE8EF55" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFDAFF67FC625FE8EF55" blockId="9.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF67FC625F3FEE52" bold="true" box="[199,321,1005,1030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFEE8FC625FC0EE51" box="[328,446,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Both sexes</emphasis>
: face with white crossband above scrobes only; angle between stigmal and postmarginal veins of forewing 60º and infuscated (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFD9FFB9E5CFAEE7D" box="[575,644,1041,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Female forewings. 5. Astichus micans. 6. A. silvani. 7. A. gracilis. 8. A. naiadis." pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFD38FB9E5C92EE7D" box="[664,748,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Female</emphasis>
: head with two broad longitudinal bands, thorax with four, as in
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFF15FBBA5E84EE19" box="[181,250,1077,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of female. 1. Astichus micans. 2. Astichus silvani. 3. Astichus gracilis. 4. Astichus naiadis. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; antenna with scape expanded at apex, reaching median ocellus, funicle segments subquadrate, blackish, with only F3 pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFE75FBD65C55EE25" box="[469,555,1113,1137]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); forewing hyaline with two wide brown crossbands and one narrow band basally, as in
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFE8DFBF25F0EEEC1" box="[301,368,1149,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Female forewings. 5. Astichus micans. 6. A. silvani. 7. A. gracilis. 8. A. naiadis." pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
, disc with row of 7 setae below marginal vein on ventral surface; propodeum smooth and shiny with median carina; gaster with posterior margin of T1–3 incised medially, cercus with one long and two slightly shorter setae.
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFE90FB4A5F14EE89" box="[304,362,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Male</emphasis>
: scape expanded, F1 without peduncle, F2–4 pedunculate, club without spicule but long, curved setae at apex (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFE95FB665FF9EF55" box="[309,391,1257,1281]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF8AFFD9FF67FA825C2EEE44" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFDAFF67FA825F2EED15" blockId="9.[151,1437,969,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF67FA825F2FEF72" bold="true" box="[199,337,1293,1318]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFEFFFA825FC3EF71" bold="true" box="[351,445,1293,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Female.</emphasis>
Length:
<quantity id="4CDD9B68FF8AFFDAFD81FA825CD6EF71" box="[545,680,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
(average
<quantity id="4CDD9B68FF8AFFDAFCB6FA825D0FEF71" box="[790,881,1293,1317]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
).
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFC23FA825DACEF71" box="[899,978,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Colour</emphasis>
: Head, thorax and propodeum with various dark bands as follows (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFE73FABE5C65EF1D" box="[467,539,1329,1353]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of female. 1. Astichus micans. 2. Astichus silvani. 3. Astichus gracilis. 4. Astichus naiadis. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): three crossbands on face between inner orbits and scrobes, two lower bands reaching scrobes margin, dorsal band not reaching scrobes, two broad longitudinal bands on vertex and two short bands behind each eye; four dark longitudinal bands on mesoscutum, the lateral bands wide, extending onto side lobes, axillae and scutellum, two centre bands only extending a short way onto scutellum; ventro-laterally a narrow band extending from front margin of pronotum to tegulae; head greenish, mesoscutum turquoise, scutellum and propodeum purple, dorsellum dark; head with yellow line at mouth margin, including the inconspicuous oval clypeus, above clypeus a dark brown crossband with two whitish spots above it at each end; eyes red; scrobes with narrow white band only across apex; antenna (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFD3DF9A25C93EC11" box="[669,749,1581,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) shiny black except scape with white spot at base and F3 yellowy white; rhinaria and setae on two basal funicle segments dark, pale on following segments and club; forewing (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFF3FF9FA5E9DECD9" box="[159,227,1653,1677]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Female forewings. 5. Astichus micans. 6. A. silvani. 7. A. gracilis. 8. A. naiadis." pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) hyaline with three brown crossbands, the basal band below parastigma narrow, C-shaped, curving towards wing apex, median band below darkened section near base of marginal vein wider, complete, distal band below postmarginal vein complete; angle between stigmal and postmarginal veins dark, disc setae dark; hind wing hyaline; legs pale brown except coxae, mid and hind femora black, apical tips of all tibiae, basal two-thirds of mid and hind tibiae, tarsal segments two and four dark brown; gaster (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF8AFFDAFCE2F88A5DFBED49" box="[834,901,1797,1821]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of female. 1. Astichus micans. 2. Astichus silvani. 3. Astichus gracilis. 4. Astichus naiadis. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) shiny purple-black with blue sheen at base and coppery at apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF8AFFD9FF67F8C25BFDEB6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,969,2037]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF8AFFDAFF67F8C25F75ED31" box="[199,267,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Head.</emphasis>
Eyes and face sometimes collapsing slightly; setae short, sculpture finely rugulose, smoother at mouth; head slightly wider than thorax, in dorsal view nearly twice as wide as long, 1.6 times as wide as vertex, in frontal view about one and a half times wider than high, eyes more than one and a half times longer than malar space, delicate malar groove present; eyes with very short pale setae; IOL 5, OOL 4, POL 10; antennae inserted at lower eye level, small oval ridge between toruli, scrobes smooth and shiny, more or less hourglass-shaped, margins rounded, two shiny tubercles at inner orbit between lower and mid dark bands, two small shiny depressions on each side of scrobes, between mid and upper dark bands; antenna (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF89FFD9FD5CFF335D32EA80" box="[764,844,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) with scape flattened, expanded apically, as wide as pedicel length at apex, reaching median ocellus, as long as club, pedicel same length as funicle segments, which are longer than wide (6:4), F4 oval, club one-segmented (no discernible septa at high magnification); rhinaria as long as segments but some with short bases, diagonal on F1; setae on funicle short; flagellum longer than head width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF89FFD9FF67FEC25F33E8F3" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF67FEC25F38EB30" box="[199,326,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Sculpture on thorax as on head; pronotum very short and rounded, upper mesepimeron shiny and smooth; mesoscutum as long as scutellum with a few short scattered setae, two longer slender setae near hind margin; notauli deep and complete; scutellum with two pairs of strong setae, the anterior pair longest; axillae sculptured, with two setae facing inward; dorsellum short, sculptured; propodeum smooth and shiny with median carina, about a quarter as long as scutellum, callus smooth and shiny with two setae; forewing (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF89FFD9FBD1FE535ACBEBA0" box="[1137,1205,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Female forewings. 5. Astichus micans. 6. A. silvani. 7. A. gracilis. 8. A. naiadis." pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with apex rounded, nearly two and a half times as long as wide, three setae on submarginal vein, two on parastigma, faint hairlines in distal part of wing, marginal vein very long, about half wing length, about twice the length of submarginal, row of 7 setae on ventral side of wing below basal half of marginal vein, postmarginal and stigmal veins equal, short, stigmal and postmarginal veins forming angle of more or less 60˚, stigmal knob not expanded, fringe setae half of stigmal vein length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF89FFD9FF67FD3A5A55E908" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF67FD3A5F3DE898" box="[199,323,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Gaster (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF89FFD9FE01FD3B5F9AE898" box="[417,484,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,193,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of female. 1. Astichus micans. 2. Astichus silvani. 3. Astichus gracilis. 4. Astichus naiadis. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) elongated and pointed, nearly twice length of mesosoma in lateral view, smooth and shiny, with uneven rows of longish setae ventrally on segments, faint sculpture ventrally at base; T1–3 with median incisions on posterior margins, gaster sometimes collapsing in middle, row of setae dorsally on posterior margin of T6; cercus with one long and two slightly shorter setae, epipygium shiny with some setae, bulging upwards; ovipositor somewhat setose, protruding about the length of lateral part of epipygium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF89FFD9FF67FCE75C2EEE44" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF67FCE75F75E9D4" bold="true" box="[199,267,872,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to female but smaller and not as boldly coloured; antenna (
<figureCitation id="131E2A08FF89FFD9FBADFCE85A1EE92B" box="[1037,1120,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,219,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[153,1434,193,1805]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 16. Male and female antennae. 9. Astichus micans Ƥ. 10. A. micans 3. 11. A. silvani Ƥ. 12. A. silvani 3. 13. A. gracilis Ƥ. 14. A. gracilis 3. 15. A. naiadis Ƥ. 16. A. naiadis 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279984/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) dark, except base of scape and peduncles white, scape not expanded as strongly apically as in female, pedicel narrower than funicle segments, F1 without peduncle, F2–4 with peduncles longer than nodes, very long dark setae in whorls on all funicle segments and three-segmented club, no spicule but long curved setae at apex; wing pattern well developed as in female, except bands slightly narrower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF89FFD9FF67FB935A91EE28" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF89FFD9FF67FB935A91EE28" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF67FB935F4AEE60" bold="true" box="[199,308,1052,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Remarks</emphasis>
. The wing pattern of this species is closest to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FC20FB935A09EE60" authority="Tachikawa" authorityName="Tachikawa" box="[896,1143,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Astichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="townesi">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FC20FB935D8AEE60" box="[896,1012,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. townesi</emphasis>
Tachikawa
</taxonomicName>
, but the female antenna of
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FF37FBCF5F6FEE0C" box="[151,273,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Astichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="townesi">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF37FBCF5F6FEE0C" box="[151,273,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. townesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very different, with all funicle segments white and elongated, F1 sessile and F2–4 pedunculate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B7CFF89FFD9FF3EFBEB5FD4EE28" author="Tachikawa" box="[158,426,1124,1148]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" refString="Tachikawa, T. (1983) A new species of Astichus parasitic on a ciid beetle from Borneo. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 20, 189 - 190." type="journal article" year="1983">Tachikawa 1983, fig. D</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FD81FBEB5CF5EE28" box="[545,651,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Astichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvani">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FD81FBEB5CF5EE28" box="[545,651,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">A. silvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has subquadrate funicle segments and only F3 yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6506FF89FFD9FF67FB075B57EC78" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9A368DFF89FFD9FF67FB075B57EC78" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FF67FB075F0BEEF4" bold="true" box="[199,373,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="549E882FFF89FFD9FF67FB075F7CEEF4" box="[199,258,1160,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F332761DFF89FFD9FEDCFB075C35EEF4" box="[380,587,1160,1184]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FDF5FB075D11EEF4" bold="true" box="[597,879,1159,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Mpumalanga Province:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549E882FFF89FFD9FCD6FB075DA0EEF4" box="[886,990,1160,1184]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Ƥ (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FBA9FB085A1EEECB" box="[1033,1120,1159,1183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05749), Mooihoek Farm, nr. Wakkerstroom,
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FEEBFB235FDFEE90" box="[331,417,1196,1220]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-27.216667">27º13'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FE0AFB235C7DEE90" box="[426,515,1196,1220]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="30.533333">30º32'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9B104DFF89FFD9FDB1FB235CEDEE90" box="[529,659,1196,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" value="2008-07-15">15.vii.2008</date>
, S &amp; OC Neser, with
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FC34FB225A19EE90" box="[916,1127,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Ceracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FC34FB225A19EE90" box="[916,1127,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ceracis cucullatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FB30FB225ACBEE90" box="[1168,1205,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FB30FB225ACBEE90" box="[1168,1205,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Cis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. E from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FAE2FB225F0EEEB3" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Stereaceae" genus="Stereum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ostrea">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FAE2FB225EA2EEBC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Stereum ostrea</emphasis>
(Stereaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(BF144) on fallen tree trunk.
<typeStatus id="549E882FFF89FFD9FD72FB5F5D40EEBC" box="[722,830,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
24Ƥ 53 same data as
<typeStatus id="549E882FFF89FFD9FBEFFB405ACBEEB3" box="[1103,1205,1231,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 1Ƥ (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FB57FB405B33EEB3" box="[1271,1357,1231,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05750) same data except with
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FE0FFB7A5CC1EF58" box="[431,703,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FE0FFB7A5CF7EF58" box="[431,649,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Ceracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucullatus">Ceracis cucullatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FD3AFB7A5CC1EF58" box="[666,703,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
spp. E &amp; Q from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FC0EFB7A5A6BEF58" box="[942,1045,1269,1292]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FC0EFB7A5A6BEF58" box="[942,1045,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Trametes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FBF7FB7B5A8CEF58" box="[1111,1266,1268,1292]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Polyporaceae</taxonomicName>
) (BF113); 13 (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FF3EFA985E8AEF7B" box="[158,244,1303,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05748) same data except with
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FDFBFA975D4EEF64" box="[603,816,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Ceracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FDFBFA975D4EEF64" box="[603,816,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ceracis cucullatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FCFBFA975DFEEF7B" box="[859,896,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FCFBFA975DFEEF7B" box="[859,896,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Cis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.Q from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FBAAFA975BE5EF7B" box="[1034,1435,1303,1328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Coriolus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FBAAFA975A96EF64" box="[1034,1256,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Coriolus versicolor</emphasis>
(Polyporaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(BF140); 6Ƥ 43 (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FEFFFAB35FCBEF00" box="[351,437,1340,1364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05747) same data except from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FCAEFAB35B7CEF00" box="[782,1282,1340,1364]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Ganodermataceae" genus="Ganoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FCAEFAB35A5FEF00" box="[782,1057,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ganoderma applanatum</emphasis>
(Ganodermataceae)
</taxonomicName>
(BF139) (2Ƥ 13 QM).
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FEA7FAD05F91EF2C" bold="true" box="[263,495,1375,1400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Limpopo Province:</emphasis>
1Ƥ (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FD88FAD05C00EF23" box="[552,638,1375,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05266) Blouberg, NW of Polokwane,
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FB8DFAD05AFCEF23" box="[1069,1154,1375,1399]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-23.066668">23º04'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FB2AFAD05A9AEF23" box="[1162,1252,1375,1399]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="28.983334">28º59'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9B104DFF89FFD9FB4FFAD05B16EF23" box="[1263,1384,1375,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" value="2007-04-27">27.iv.2007</date>
, OC Neser, with
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FEBEFA0A5F91EFC8" box="[286,495,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Ceracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FEBEFA0A5F91EFC8" box="[286,495,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Ceracis cucullatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FDB3FA0A5C46EFC8" box="[531,568,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FDB3FA0A5C46EFC8" box="[531,568,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Cis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.Q from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FD18FA0A5D61EFC8" box="[696,799,1413,1436]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FD18FA0A5D61EFC8" box="[696,799,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Trametes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FCF5FA0B5D91EFC8" box="[853,1007,1412,1436]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Polyporaceae</taxonomicName>
) (BF34); 1Ƥ (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FB2FFA0B5A98EFC8" box="[1167,1254,1412,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
05751) Wonderwoud, Wolkberg Wilderness Area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FD86FA285CFAEFEB" box="[550,644,1447,1471]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-24.016666">24º 01'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FD2CFA285C9BEFEB" box="[652,741,1447,1471]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="30.066668">30º04'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9B104DFF89FFD9FD53FA285D02EFEB" box="[755,892,1447,1471]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" value="2008-08-31">31.viii.2008</date>
, S Neser, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FBB4FA285A23EFEB" box="[1044,1117,1447,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ciidae</taxonomicName>
from unidentifiable bracket fungus (BF171).
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FEFAFA435C1EEFB0" bold="true" box="[346,608,1483,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">North West Province:</emphasis>
3Ƥ 13 (
<collectionCode id="ED34AE48FF89FFD9FD68FA435D60EFB0" box="[712,798,1484,1508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">HYMC</collectionCode>
01472) Tonquani Kloof, Magaliesberg,
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FB40FA435B4BEFB0" box="[1248,1333,1484,1508]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-25.833334">25º50'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FA9EFA435BE6EFB0" box="[1342,1432,1484,1508]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="27.483334">27º29'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9B104DFF89FFD9FF37FA605F77EC53" box="[151,265,1519,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" value="2002-10-13">13.x.2002</date>
, OC Neser, with
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FE78FA7F5F83EC53" box="[472,509,1520,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FE78FA7F5F83EC53" box="[472,509,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Cis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.E from
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FD24FA7E5A7EEC53" box="[644,1024,1519,1544]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="meyenii">
<emphasis id="B951EA9FFF89FFD9FD24FA7E5D32EC5C" box="[644,844,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="59">Trametes meyenii</emphasis>
(Polyporaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(BF22); 13 (HYM 05838) Trident Kloof, Magaliesberg,
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FE2CF99B5F9FEC78" box="[396,481,1556,1580]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="-25.766666">25º46'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE11504AFF89FFD9FE48F99B5C3CEC78" box="[488,578,1556,1580]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" precision="925" value="27.65">27º39'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF9B104DFF89FFD9FDEDF99B5CB0EC78" box="[589,718,1556,1580]" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" value="2011-07-31">31.vii.2011</date>
, S Neser, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C254D0EFF89FFD9FCC0F99B5DD7EC78" box="[864,937,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ciidae</taxonomicName>
from unidentified bracket fungus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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