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<document id="F8EDC8D99A26E0CE60276C08D37861EB" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.004" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10485209" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1704943819699" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zidorn, Christian" docDate="2016" docId="0387BA01FF83F003FC99CAC2B6A2F99A" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.124.5-28.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 124" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Thalassia" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFBEC279FF8FF00DFFA6CC1FB44EFFEB" masterDocTitle="Secondary metabolites of seagrasses (Alismatales and Potamogetonales; Alismatidae): Chemical diversity, bioactivity, and ecological function" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1705350569361" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="DF2B77885B110217CCB1F3CA1775A6E1">Secondary metabolites of seagrasses (Alismatales and Potamogetonales; Alismatidae): Chemical diversity, bioactivity, and ecological function</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="61D7476AC6BDFDB7280C9A0F58AD5122">Zidorn, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="911203AD6399D6B1FFF80BB733C21D66">Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, CCB, Innrain 80 - 82, Innsbruck, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="360141CEFC4EBFE41B239F15BCB261CB">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D0BD85C2486F08D3D339F130A5914A13">
<mods:date id="6BCD66172B9B1B812ACFCE30B37E87FA">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5579288AC754D398F8852D94FF4B0D40">124</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7BDA3E4CC12AD4D30ED6CFADA81B8B95">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6B431B0B5404335FD4FFE3CFF2ECA968" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.004</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0387BA01FF83F003FC99CAC2B6A2F99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387BA01FF83F003FC99CAC2B6A2F99A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387BA01FF83F003FC99CAC2B6A2F99A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C334589CFF83F001FC99CAC2B781F8E6" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF83F001FC99CAC2B781F8E6" blockId="12.[831,1486,1757,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0D9BC7BFF83F001FC99CAC2B781F8E6" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC99CAC2B781F8E6" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">
3.13.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF83F001FCD2CAC2B782F91A" ID-CoL="8W44R" authority="Banks &amp; Sol. ex K.D.Koenig" box="[884,972,1757,1777]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thalassia</taxonomicName>
(2, Hydrocharitaceae, Caribbean, tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C334589CFF83F003FCF8CB2EB6A2F99A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF83F001FCF8CB2EB798F83A" blockId="12.[831,1500,1841,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF83F001FCF8CB2EB792F8AE" box="[862,988,1841,1861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hemprichii">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FCF8CB2EB792F8AE" box="[862,988,1841,1861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">T. hemprichii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3394B87FF83F001FB44CB2DB155F8AE" box="[1250,1307,1842,1861]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">China</collectingCountry>
yielded
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FAD5CB2DB1C2F8AE" bold="true" box="[1395,1420,1842,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">10</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FA3ECB2DB1FFF8AE" bold="true" box="[1432,1457,1842,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">16</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FA18CB2DB199F8AE" bold="true" box="[1470,1495,1842,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">19</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC99CB51B716F88A" bold="true" box="[831,856,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">23</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FCC5CB51B732F88A" bold="true" box="[867,892,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">27</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC2ECB51B7EFF88A" bold="true" box="[904,929,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">28</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC0BCB51B788F88A" bold="true" box="[941,966,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">36</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC74CB51B7A5F88A" bold="true" box="[978,1003,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">62</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC50CB51B041F88A" bold="true" box="[1014,1039,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">71</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FBBDCB51B07AF88A" bold="true" box="[1051,1076,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">73</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FBCACB51B0CBF88A" bold="true" box="[1132,1157,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">74</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF83F001FB32CB51B151F88A" author="Qi, S. - H. &amp; Huang, L. - S. &amp; He, F. &amp; Zhang, S. &amp; Dong, J. - D." box="[1172,1311,1870,1889]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" pagination="128 - 131" refId="ref25993" refString="Qi, S. - H., Huang, L. - S., He, F., Zhang, S., Dong, J. - D., 2012. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic investigation of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers (Hydrocharitaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 43, 128 - 131." type="journal article" year="2012">Qi et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF83F001FA95CB52B1FEF88A" box="[1331,1456,1869,1889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hemprichii">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FA95CB52B1FEF88A" box="[1331,1456,1869,1889]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">T. hemprichii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3394B87FF83F001FBB9CB75B016F896" box="[1055,1112,1898,1917]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">Egypt</collectingCountry>
yielded five phenolics, caffeic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FA18CB75B199F896" bold="true" box="[1470,1495,1898,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">28</emphasis>
, rosmarinic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FC78CB99B7B9F872" bold="true" box="[990,1015,1926,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">32</emphasis>
(though the structure in the original publication shows a similar but different compound), and ssavonoids
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF83F001FA3BCBBDB192F85E" bold="true" box="[1437,1500,1954,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17">7577</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF83F001FCE1CBA1B787F83A" author="Hawas, U. W." box="[839,969,1982,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="17" pagination="629 - 632" refId="ref23709" refString="Hawas, U. W., 2014. A new 8 - hydroxy ssavone O - xyloside sulfate and antibacterial activity from the Egyptian sagrass Thalassia hemprichii. Chem. Nat. Comp. 50, 629 - 632." type="journal article" year="2014">Hawas, 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF515B9FFF82F000FD99C929B792FAAF" box="[575,988,1334,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" startId="13.[575,601,1334,1348]" targetBox="[318,1205,184,1320]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF82F000FD99C929B792FAAF" blockId="13.[575,988,1334,1348]" box="[575,988,1334,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FD99C929B635FAAF" bold="true" box="[575,635,1334,1348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
Steroids with a double bond in position 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF515B9FFF82F000FEFACAAFB5BFF955" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10485223" box="[348,497,1712,1726]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485223/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" startId="13.[348,374,1712,1726]" targetBox="[295,548,1426,1680]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF82F000FEFACAAFB5BFF955" blockId="13.[348,497,1712,1726]" box="[348,497,1712,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FEFACAAFB5D7F955" bold="true" box="[348,409,1712,1726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
Alkaloids.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF82F000FFD0CB19B1E2F940" blockId="13.[87,757,1798,2014]" lastBlockId="13.[805,1475,1437,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FFD0CB19B4B2F8F1" box="[118,252,1798,1818]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FFD0CB19B4B2F8F1" box="[118,252,1798,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to contain chrysoeriol 7-
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FDD5CB19B6CCF8F1" box="[627,642,1798,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">O</emphasis>
-sulfate
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FD70CB18B6A1F8F1" bold="true" box="[726,751,1799,1818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">69</emphasis>
, using analytical 2D paper chromatography (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FDFACB3CB4BBF8B9" author="Harborne, J. B. &amp; Williams, C. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref23546" refString="Harborne, J. B., Williams, C. A., 1976. Occurrence of sulphated ssavones and caffeic acid esters in members of Fluviales. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4, 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="1976">Harborne and Williams, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The compound was isolated during the same study from
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FF73CB45B578F885" baseAuthorityName="Mabberley" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[213,310,1882,1902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Potamogetonaceae" genus="Lepilaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FF73CB45B578F885" box="[213,310,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">Z. marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, these authors reported on the occurrence of one partially characterized chrysoeriol derivative and partially characterized sulfated caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FF34CBB1B55BF829" box="[146,277,1966,1986]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FF34CBB1B55BF829" box="[146,277,1966,1986]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3394B87FF82F000FDB3CBB0B6DBF829" box="[533,661,1967,1986]" name="Bahamas" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
provided the first source of
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FEB2CBD4B563F835" bold="true" box="[276,301,1995,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">62</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FE98CBD4B5B7F835" author="Jensen, P. R. &amp; Jenkins, K. M. &amp; Porter, D. &amp; Fenical, W." box="[318,505,1995,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="1490 - 1496" refId="ref24083" refString="Jensen, P. R., Jenkins, K. M., Porter, D., Fenical, W., 1998. Evidence that a new antibiotic ssavone glycoside chemically defends the sea grass Thalassia testudinum against zoosporic fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 1490 - 1496." type="journal article" year="1998">Jensen et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FDA8CBD5B6DDF835" box="[526,659,1994,2014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FDA8CBD5B6DDF835" box="[526,659,1994,2014]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3394B87FF82F000FC63C982B009FA5B" box="[965,1095,1437,1456]" name="Bahamas" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
yielded three sulfated ssavonoids
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FA02C982B1F3FA5B" bold="true" box="[1444,1469,1437,1456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">51</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC83C9A7B770FA20" bold="true" box="[805,830,1464,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">62</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC26C9A7B7D7FA20" bold="true" box="[896,921,1464,1483]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">71</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FC08C9A6B033FA27" author="Rowley, D. C. &amp; Hansen, M. S. T. &amp; Rhodes, D. &amp; Sotriffer, C. A. &amp; Ni, H. &amp; McCammon, J. A. &amp; Bushman, F. D. &amp; Fenical, W." box="[942,1149,1465,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="3619 - 3625" refId="ref27115" refString="Rowley, D. C., Hansen, M. S. T., Rhodes, D., Sotriffer, C. A., Ni, H., McCammon, J. A., Bushman, F. D., Fenical, W., 2002. Thalassiolins A-C: new marine-derived inhibitors of HIV cDNA integrase. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 10, 3619 - 3625." type="journal article" year="2002">Rowley et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Using RP-HPLC,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FAE5C9A6B729FA0C" author="Steele, L. &amp; Caldwell, M. &amp; Boettcher, A. &amp; Arnold, T." pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="123 - 131" refId="ref27475" refString="Steele, L., Caldwell, M., Boettcher, A., Arnold, T., 2005. Seagrass-pathogen interactions: ' pseudo-induction' of turtlegrass phenolics near wasting disease lesions. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 303, 123 - 131." type="book chapter" year="2005">Steele et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
identified and quantified vanillin
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB65C9CAB09EFA03" bold="true" box="[1219,1232,1493,1512]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">7</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB7AC9CCB0A6FA0C" box="[1244,1256,1491,1511]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">p</emphasis>
-hydroxybenzoic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC83C9EFB770F9E8" bold="true" box="[805,830,1520,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">10</emphasis>
, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FBF1C9EFB03EF9E8" bold="true" box="[1111,1136,1520,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">13</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB00C9F0B0FCF9E8" box="[1190,1202,1519,1539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">p</emphasis>
-coumaric acid
<quantity id="4CD6A6F2FF82F000FAEAC9EFB131F9E8" box="[1356,1407,1520,1539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="25.0">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FAEAC9EFB12BF9E8" bold="true" box="[1356,1381,1520,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">25</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FC99CA14B78DF9F4" box="[831,963,1547,1567]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC99CA14B78DF9F4" box="[831,963,1547,1567]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected off the coast of Florida. Compound identifications were based on retention times only and the extraction method with 2% acetic acid in methanol/water 1/1 as extraction solvent was rather harsh; therefore, the detected compounds might also represent other compounds with similar polarity or hydrolysis products of more complex genuine natural products.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B910B17FF82F003FCE2CAABB6A2F99A" blockId="13.[805,1475,1437,2014]" lastBlockId="14.[113,784,1490,1649]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FCE2CAABB06BF92C" author="Nogueiras, C. &amp; Spengler, I. &amp; Guerra, J. O. &amp; Ortiz, Y. &amp; Torres, S. &amp; Garcia, T. H. &amp; Romeu, C. R. &amp; Regalado, E. L. &amp; Gonzalez, T. A. &amp; Perera, W. H. &amp; Lacret, R." box="[836,1061,1716,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="314 - 318" refId="ref25481" refString="Nogueiras, C., Spengler, I., Guerra, J. O., Ortiz, Y., Torres, S., Garcia, T. H., Romeu, C. R., Regalado, E. L., Gonzalez, T. A., Perera, W. H., Lacret, R., 2010. Contribution to the phytochemical study and biological activity of plants of Cuban ssora. Biotecnol. Apl. 27, 314 - 318." type="journal article" year="2010">Nogueiras et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the presence of
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FA94CAABB105F92C" bold="true" box="[1330,1355,1716,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">10</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FAF0CAABB121F92C" bold="true" box="[1366,1391,1716,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">51</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FADFCAABB1DCF92C" bold="true" box="[1401,1426,1716,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">62</emphasis>
, and
<quantity id="4CD6A6F2FF82F000FC83CAD0B716F909" box="[805,856,1743,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8034" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="71.0">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC83CAD0B770F909" bold="true" box="[805,830,1743,1762]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">71</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FCF8CAD1B7ACF909" box="[862,994,1742,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FCF8CAD1B7ACF909" box="[862,994,1742,1762]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FC48CAD0B084F908" author="Regalado, E. L. &amp; Rodriguez, M. &amp; Menendez, R. &amp; Menendez, R. &amp; Fernandez, X. &amp; Hernandez, I. &amp; Morales, R. A. &amp; Fernandez, M. D. &amp; Thomas, O. P. &amp; Pino, J. A. &amp; Concepcion, A. R. &amp; Laguna, A." box="[1006,1226,1743,1763]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="1058 - 1066" refId="ref26472" refString="Regalado, E. L., Rodriguez, M., Menendez, R., Menendez, R., Fernandez, X., Hernandez, I., Morales, R. A., Fernandez, M. D., Thomas, O. P., Pino, J. A., Concepcion, A. R., Laguna, A., 2011. Photoprotecting action and phytochemical analysis of a multiple radical scavenger lipophilic fraction obtained from the leaf of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 1058 - 1066." type="journal article" year="2011">Regalado et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
studied the apolar compounds of a
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FC0ECAF5B060F915" box="[936,1070,1770,1790]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC0ECAF5B060F915" box="[936,1070,1770,1790]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf-extract by gas chromatography. A total of 43 compounds (structures not shown) were detected and 1,1-bis-(
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FCDCCB3DB7C8F8DD" box="[890,902,1826,1846]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">p</emphasis>
-tolyl)-ethane, 4,4-diisopropylbiphenyl, and an 1,1-bis-(
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC8BCB21B777F8B9" box="[813,825,1854,1874]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">p</emphasis>
-tolyl)-ethane isomer were identified as the main compounds.
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF82F000FC83CB45B7E7F885" box="[805,937,1882,1902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC83CB45B7E7F885" box="[805,937,1882,1902]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">T. testudinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves collected off the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3394B87FF82F000FB50CB44B166F885" box="[1270,1320,1883,1902]" name="Cuba" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">Cuba</collectingCountry>
yielded eleven phenolics (
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC33CB68B7ECF861" bold="true" box="[917,930,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">5</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC08CB68B789F861" bold="true" box="[942,967,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">10</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC72CB68B7A3F861" bold="true" box="[980,1005,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">11</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FC5DCB68B05AF861" bold="true" box="[1019,1044,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">47</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB87CB68B02EF861" bold="true" box="[1057,1120,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">5051</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FBCBCB68B0C8F861" bold="true" box="[1133,1158,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">58</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB35CB68B0E2F861" bold="true" box="[1171,1196,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">67</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB41CB68B168F861" bold="true" box="[1255,1318,1911,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">7072</emphasis>
), including the new natural product ethyl 4-(sulfoxy)-benzoate
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FA91CB8CB11EF84D" bold="true" box="[1335,1360,1939,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">11</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF76E6FF82F000FAC1CB8CB7DFF829" author="Regalado, E. L. &amp; Menendez, R. &amp; Valdes, O. &amp; Morales, R. A. &amp; Laguna, A. &amp; Thomas, O. P. &amp; Hernandez, Y. &amp; Nogueiras, C. &amp; Kijjoa, A." pageId="13" pageNumber="18" pagination="47 - 50" refId="ref26578" refString="Regalado, E. L., Menendez, R., Valdes, O., Morales, R. A., Laguna, A., Thomas, O. P., Hernandez, Y., Nogueiras, C., Kijjoa, A., 2012. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant capacity of BM- 21, a bioactive extract rich in polyphenolic metabolites from the sea grass Thalassia testudinum. Nat. Prod. Comm. 7, 47 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Regalado et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
). However, based on the described isolation procedures, it is likely that the new compound
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF82F000FB14CBD4B085F835" bold="true" box="[1202,1227,1995,2014]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18">11</emphasis>
is actually an artefact generated in the course of the extraction (with a 1/1 ethanol/water mixture) and isolation process and not a genuine natural product. Bio-guided fractionation (against
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF81F003FE60CA16B60EF9F6" authorityName="Cienkowski" authorityYear="1864" box="[454,576,1545,1565]" class="Labyrinthulea" family="Labyrinthulaceae" genus="Labyrinthula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Labyrinthulida" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" phylum="Bigyra" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FE60CA16B60EF9F6" box="[454,576,1545,1565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">Labyrinthula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
protists) resulted in the identification of vanillin
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FE0ECA39B5FBF9D2" bold="true" box="[424,437,1574,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">7</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FE60CA3AB59CF9D2" box="[454,466,1573,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">p</emphasis>
-hydroxybenzoic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FD1BCA39B698F9D2" bold="true" box="[701,726,1574,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">10</emphasis>
, 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FEF5CA5DB522F9BE" bold="true" box="[339,364,1602,1621]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">13</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FE06CA5EB5E2F9BE" box="[416,428,1601,1621]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">p</emphasis>
-coumaric acid
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FDE4CA5DB615F9BE" bold="true" box="[578,603,1602,1621]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">25</emphasis>
as the active principles in leaves of
<taxonomicName id="4C2E7094FF81F003FE8ECA42B6A6F99A" authority="(Trevathan-Tackett et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Trevathan-Tackett" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[296,744,1629,1649]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="testudinum">
<emphasis id="B95AD705FF81F003FE8ECA42B5E4F99A" box="[296,426,1629,1649]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="19">T. testudinum</emphasis>
(Trevathan-Tackett et al., 2015)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>