306 lines
35 KiB
XML
306 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3248B664DBC6AEB7FDF35D69189AE19A">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98ACC178C625CE4347C9A34686734C65">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48E2638E254B9D25EA8CC65DE1C2D3C6">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2CA4CB611EDBA973421274F7D07C041E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0387762362C3FF642DEFB7F0FE4A5FF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963823" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209628973" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362C3FF642DEFB7F0FE4A5FF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387762362C3FF642DEFB7F0FE4A5FF3" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C3FF662DEFB7F0FD1B58FE" box="[151,764,1418,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DEFB7F0FD1B58FE" blockId="133.[151,764,1418,1481]" box="[151,764,1418,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662DEFB7F0FD1B58FE" bold="true" box="[151,764,1418,1445]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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[44]
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662DB7B7F0FD1B58FE" ID-CoL="4DKPC" authority="(Chaudoir, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[207,764,1418,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea" subGenus="Parena">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662DB7B7F0FEC058FF" bold="true" box="[207,295,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Parena</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662C40B7F0FE7758FF" bold="true" box="[312,400,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Parena</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662CDAB7F1FDC458FE" bold="true" box="[418,547,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">ferruginea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C3FF662F49B7F1FD1358FE" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[561,756,1418,1444]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref110207" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1878) Enumeration des cincindeletes et des carabiques recueillis par M. A. Raffray, dans les iles de Zanzibar et de Pemba, ainsi qu'a Bagamoyo, Mombaze et sur les montagnes de Schimba, avec la description des especes nouvelles. 2. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, (3) 6, 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="1878">Chaudoir, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C3FF662DEFB7D4FE8F5893" box="[151,360,1455,1481]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DEFB7D4FE8F5893" blockId="133.[151,764,1418,1481]" box="[151,360,1455,1481]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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Habitus:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C3FF662D85B7D4FE835893" box="[253,356,1455,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Fig. 80A</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C3FF662DEFB788FCDA5B70" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DEFB788FCDA5B70" blockId="133.[151,1436,1523,1578]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C3FF662DEFB788FE8B5B51" author="Chaudoir, B. M." box="[151,364,1523,1547]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref110207" refString="Chaudoir, B. M. (1878) Enumeration des cincindeletes et des carabiques recueillis par M. A. Raffray, dans les iles de Zanzibar et de Pemba, ainsi qu'a Bagamoyo, Mombaze et sur les montagnes de Schimba, avec la description des especes nouvelles. 2. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, (3) 6, 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="1878">Chaudoir, 1878: 151</bibRefCitation>
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(original:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662CA3B788FDAA5B51" ID-CoL="8LRC5" authority="Chaudoir, 1878" box="[475,589,1523,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662CA3B788FDAA5B51" box="[475,589,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Ceroglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C3FF662F95B788FCAD5B51" box="[749,842,1523,1547]" name="Tanzania" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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;
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<typeStatus id="5495799762C3FF662E2EB788FC485B51" box="[854,943,1523,1547]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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in MNHN);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C3FF662940B788FB135B51" author="Alluaud, C." box="[1080,1268,1523,1547]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917: 86</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF66287DB788FA6A5B51" ID-CoL="8KWFM" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[1285,1421,1523,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF66287DB788FA6A5B51" box="[1285,1421,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C3FF662DBFB469FE4A5B70" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[199,429,1554,1578]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="93 - 137" refId="ref109889" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Basilewsky, 1955: 129</bibRefCitation>
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(misidentification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662FF1B468FCC85B70" ID-CoL="4DKNY" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[649,815,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662FF1B468FCC85B70" box="[649,815,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Parena africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C3FF662DEFB423FB155BE0" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DEFB423FB155BE0" blockId="133.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662DEFB423FC5C5B28" bold="true" box="[151,955,1624,1651]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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Type material examined.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662CBCB423FCA55B28" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[452,834,1624,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662CBCB423FD225B28" bold="true" box="[452,709,1624,1651]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Ceroglossa ferruginea</emphasis>
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Chaudoir
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<typeStatus id="5495799762C3FF662E36B423FC5C5B28" box="[846,955,1624,1650]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(MNHN,
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C3FF662956B423FB715B28" box="[1070,1174,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Fig. 80A</figureCitation>
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): female, body length =
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<quantity id="4CD66AD062C3FF662DEFB407FF095BCD" box="[151,238,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
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, pin mounted, "
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C3FF662CE2B407FDE65BCC" box="[410,513,1660,1686]" name="Tanzania" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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/ Raffray", "TYPE /
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662F91B407FCB85BCC" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[745,863,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662F91B407FCB85BCC" box="[745,863,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">ferruginea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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" [red label], "
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662E85B407FB945BCC" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[1021,1139,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662E85B407FB945BCC" box="[1021,1139,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">ferruginea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF6629FFB407FB155BCC" box="[1159,1266,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Chaudoir</emphasis>
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||
/
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF66287FB407FA8B5BCC" box="[1287,1388,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C3FF66287FB407FA8B5BCC" box="[1287,1388,1660,1686]" name="Tanzania" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF6628F8B407FF0C5BE0" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">ile Raffray</emphasis>
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" [ex Chaudoir's box label], "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR" [blue label].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C3FF662DBFB4BFFB745A80" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DBFB4BFFDCF5A7C" blockId="133.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662DBFB4BFFE815B84" bold="true" box="[199,358,1732,1758]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Comparisons</emphasis>
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. This species differs from other African
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662E5FB4BEFC9F5B84" box="[807,888,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662E5FB4BEFC9F5B84" box="[807,888,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of dorsum uniformly reddish brown, postgenae without suborbital setae, elytral striae very shallowly incised, antennae distinctly bicolored, and tarsomeres much darker than tibiae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562C3FF662DBFB54BFB745A80" blockId="133.[151,1437,1624,2011]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
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Among specimens that we examined in collections, two other African species with completely brown elytra were misidentified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662CE8B52EFDC45A34" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[400,547,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662CE8B52EFDC45A34" box="[400,547,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by previous experts, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662EF0B52EFC3B5A34" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[904,988,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662EF0B52EFC3B5A34" box="[904,988,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662E9CB52FFBC35A34" bold="true" box="[996,1060,1876,1902]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C62C3FF662E9CB52FFBC35A34" box="[996,1060,1876,1902]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the pale form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662862B52EFA725A34" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1306,1429,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662862B52EFA725A34" box="[1306,1429,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662DEFB502FF0C5AC8" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,235,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662DEFB502FF0C5AC8" box="[151,235,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. fulva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662D8AB503FED55AC8" bold="true" box="[242,306,1912,1938]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C62C3FF662D8AB503FED55AC8" box="[242,306,1912,1938]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662CBFB502FDBE5AC8" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1878" box="[455,601,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ceroglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662CBFB502FDBE5AC8" box="[455,601,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having postgenae with suborbital setae and antennae uniformly yellow. The pale form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C3FF662C2FB5E6FE375AEC" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[343,464,1948,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C3FF662C2FB5E6FE375AEC" box="[343,464,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from this species in having elytral striae slightly deeper, pronotal lateral margins stronger sinuate before posterior angles, and tarsomeres nearly the same color as the tibiae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5197BD62C0FF652DEFB443FC7E5BE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" startId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" targetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" targetPageId="134" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C0FF652DEFB443FC7E5BE6" blockId="134.[151,1436,1592,1725]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652DEFB443FEFD5B0B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1592,1617]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">FIGURE 80</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652CE1B442FD795B0B" box="[409,670,1593,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata" subGenus="Parena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652CE1B442FE045B0A" box="[409,483,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652C8AB442FDDB5B0A" box="[498,572,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652F32B442FD795B0B" box="[586,670,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">plagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652E46B443FCB75B0A" bold="true" box="[830,848,1592,1616]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">A</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652EA0B442FAEA5B0B" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[984,1293,1593,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652EA0B442FB735B0B" box="[984,1172,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parena ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
(Chaudoir)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF65286FB442FACF5B0B" bold="true" box="[1303,1320,1593,1617]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652856B442FEFC5B2F" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652856B442FA7B5B0B" box="[1326,1436,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">P. plagiata</emphasis>
|
||
Motschulsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652E54B427FCD95B2E" bold="true" box="[812,830,1628,1652]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">C</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652EB3B426FB3B5B2F" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[971,1244,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652EB3B426FB965B2F" box="[971,1137,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Parena africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF65299DB426FB105B2F" bold="true" box="[1253,1271,1629,1653]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652986B426FF3D5BC3" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652986B426FA8B5B2F" box="[1278,1388,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Senegal, the pale form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652F46B4FAFDA85BC3" bold="true" box="[574,591,1665,1689]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF652F2CB4FAFCCB5BC3" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[596,812,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652F2CB4FAFD255BC3" box="[596,706,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male from Cameroon, the dark form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF6529D3B4FAFB5D5BC3" bold="true" box="[1195,1210,1665,1689]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C0FF6529B8B4FAFA7F5BC3" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1216,1432,1665,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF6529B8B4FAFAC95BC3" box="[1216,1326,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C0FF642DBFB490FDB75C1B" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C0FF642DBFB490FDB75C1B" blockId="134.[151,1437,1771,2013]" lastBlockId="135.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C0FF652DBFB490FEB65A5F" bold="true" box="[199,337,1771,1797]" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD062C0FF652C95B490FDA25A5F" box="[493,581,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum reddish brown, moderately polished, without pattern; antennomeres 5–11 very dark brown, distinctly darker than basal four ones; venter reddish brown; legs same color as dorsum, tarsomeres nearly black, distinctly darker than tibiae. Vertex with fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of short setae, shorter than terminal labial palpomere; antennae barely extended to elytral base. Pronotum sub-cordate, PW/PL = 1.38, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.04; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, very gently sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded-obtuse, not prominent; lateral explanations slightly wide; disc with fine punctures aside median line. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with shallow isodiametric microsculpture; striae very shallowly incised before middle, not incised on posterior half, with fine puncture rows; intervals flat, with sparse fine punctures; discal depressions shallow, subtriangular, near basal third of intervals 3 to 6; apical truncation indistinct, evenly curved, outer apical angles fully rounded; sutural angles indistinct. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side in females. Ovipositor not studied. Male unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C1FF642DBFB331FBCA5C3F" box="[199,1069,330,357]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C1FF642DBFB331FBCA5C3F" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,1069,330,357]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642DBFB331FEBE5C3E" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062C1FF642C10B330FE255C3F" box="[360,450,331,357]" captionStart="MAP 14" captionStartId="133.[152,211,1312,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-78@133.[151,1436,309,1289]" captionText="MAP 14. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) plagiata group" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963707/files/figure.png" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Map 14</figureCitation>
|
||
, green). Only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762C1FF642E64B330FC995C3F" box="[796,894,331,357]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562C1FF642EBBB330FBCE5C3F" box="[963,1065,331,357]" name="Tanzania" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62C1FF642DBFB314FE4A5FF3" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562C1FF642DBFB314FE4A5FF3" blockId="135.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642DBFB314FEDC5CD3" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,393]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The pale form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642F73B314FD605CD3" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[523,647,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642F73B314FD605CD3" box="[523,647,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642E06B314FBF65CD3" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[894,1041,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642E06B314FBF65CD3" box="[894,1041,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C1FF642946B314FAF15CD3" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[1086,1302,366,393]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" pagination="93 - 137" refId="ref109889" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Basilewsky (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. He noticed the differences between these specimens and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762C1FF642FC2B3E8FD0D5CF7" box="[698,746,403,429]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642E77B3E8FC475CF7" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[783,928,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642E77B3E8FC475CF7" box="[783,928,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: tarsi not black but at most dark brown; eight apical antennomeres dark brown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462C1FF642F75B3CCFD305C8B" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[525,727,438,465]" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" pagination="93 - 137" refId="ref109889" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Basilewsky, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found two more differences between them: the elytra striae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642DCCB3A0FEC95CAF" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[180,302,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642DCCB3A0FEC95CAF" box="[180,302,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are evidently deeper, shallow but incised throughout their length, while the elytra striae are shallower and not incised on the apical half of elytra in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642FE0B384FCCD5F43" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[664,810,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642FE0B384FCCD5F43" box="[664,810,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the pronotal lateral margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF6429ECB384FAE85F43" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1172,1295,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF6429ECB384FAE85F43" box="[1172,1295,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are strongly sinuate before posterior angles, but only very gently sinuate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642E0BB058FBE05F67" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[883,1031,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642E0BB058FBE05F67" box="[883,1031,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because the above two characters are constant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF642C31B03CFE225F3B" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[329,453,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF642C31B03CFE225F3B" box="[329,453,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we treat these as two distinct species for now. However, whether the above external characters can support the validity of these two species is still in doubt because the male genitalia of the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662C1FF6428F0B010FEEA5FF3" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="135" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762C1FF6428F0B010FEEA5FF3" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="136">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |