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<mods:title id="EAD94E128D06BF4D2BBF022075F840C2">Review of the fish-parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) from Australia, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF7749BC8FF2FD3C" ID-CoL="69KYP" authority="Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883" authorityName="Schioedte &amp; Meinert" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,728,692,718]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF7749BC8FF2FD3C" bold="true" box="[151,728,692,718]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF7749BC8C5AFD3C" bold="true" box="[151,368,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoa retusa</emphasis>
(Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883)
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<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF7749F28C72FCE2" box="[151,344,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoae retusae</emphasis>
Schioedte &amp; Meinert in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FDB249F28E2FFCE2" author="Hilgendorf" box="[594,773,762,784]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1879) Die von Herrn. W. Peters in Mocambique gesammelten Crustaceen Monatsbericht de Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalisch-mathematischen Klasse, pp. 782 - 851." type="book chapter" year="1879">Hilgendorf, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 847 [nomen nudum].
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3301AE703401D16FF7748128860FBF4" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF7748128C6EFCDD" ID-CoL="3245S" box="[151,324,794,815]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cteatessa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF7748128C6EFCDD" box="[151,324,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Cteatessa retusa</emphasis>
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.—Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883: 297, tab. XI (Cym. XVIII) figs. 11–13.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB8048118829FCDD" author="Stebbing" box="[1120,1283,793,815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1908 - 1910) General catalogue of South African Crustacea. (Part V. of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 6, 281 - 594." type="journal article" year="1908">
Stebbing,
<date id="FF946FAC03401D16FB3048118829FCDD" box="[1232,1283,793,815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" value="1908" valueMax="1910">1908</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FAF248118857FCDD" author="Stebbing" box="[1298,1405,793,815]" page="424" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FAF24811886CFCDD" author="Stebbing" box="[1298,1350,793,815]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1910) Isopoda from the Indian Ocean and British East Africa. No. 6. In: Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2, 83 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00525. x" type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
: 424
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF2748308C73FCBC" author="Barnard" box="[199,345,824,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1924 - 1926) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. No. 9. Further additions to the list of Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 20, 381 - 411." type="journal article" year="1924">
Barnard,
<date id="FF946FAC03401D16FEC548308C73FCBC" box="[293,345,824,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" value="1924" valueMax="1926">1924</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1926: 393; 1940: 491.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FDBA48308E19FCBC" author="Nierstrasz" box="[602,819,824,846]" page="131" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FDBA48308E2FFCBC" author="Nierstrasz" box="[602,773,824,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Nierstrasz, H. E. (1931) Isopoda genuina. II. Flabellifera. In: Weber, M. &amp; De Beaufort, L. F. (Eds.), Die Isopoden der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga Expeditie (Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch Gebied verzameld in de Oost-Indische 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 123 - 233." type="book chapter" year="1931">Nierstrasz, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 131
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FCB248308920FCBC" author="Trilles" box="[850,1034,824,846]" page="625" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FCB248308EF2FCBC" author="Trilles" box="[850,984,824,846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Trilles, J. - P. (1986) Les Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera) d'Afrique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 8, 617 - 636." type="journal article" year="1986">Trilles, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 625
</treatmentCitation>
, tab. 1; 1994: 130; 2008: 23.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FAA248308C09FC9E" author="Kensley" page="79" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FAA248308DD7FC9E" author="Kensley" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Kensley, B. (1978) Guide to the Marine Isopods of Southern Africa. South African Museum &amp; The Rustica Press, Wynberg, Cape Town, 173 pp." type="book" year="1978">Kensley, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 79
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 32 (g–h).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF77487D8E0EFC79" blockId="31.[151,1436,762,1030]" box="[151,804,885,907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E4203401D16FF77487D8E0EFC79" box="[151,804,885,907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF77487D8F6DFC79" ID-CoL="c4853f8d-eebd-4a5f-982e-08342ea1ad6d" authority="Pillai, 1954: 14" authorityName="Pillai" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,583,885,907]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Codonophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemiramphi">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF77487D8C8FFC79" box="[151,421,885,907]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Codonophilus hemiramphi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FE4C487D8F6DFC79" author="Pillai" box="[428,583,885,907]" page="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE4C487D8F0FFC79" author="Pillai" box="[428,549,885,907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1954) A preliminary note on the Tanaidacea and Isopoda of Travancore. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, University of Travancore, Trivandrum, 3, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Pillai, 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–15 [nomen dubium].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF77489C8E62FC58" blockId="31.[151,1436,762,1030]" box="[151,840,916,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E4203401D16FF77489C8E62FC58" box="[151,840,916,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF77489C8CA0FC58" ID-CoL="7TLPL" box="[151,394,916,938]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemiramphi">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF77489C8CA0FC58" box="[151,394,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoa hemiramphi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FE49489C8F77FC58" author="Trilles" box="[425,605,916,938]" page="120" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE49489C8F04FC58" author="Trilles" box="[425,558,916,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Trilles, J. - P. (1994) Les Cymothoidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) du Monde. Podrome pour une faune. Studia Marina, 21 / 22, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1994">Trilles, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 120
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FD9B489C8E6EFC58" author="Kensley" box="[635,836,916,938]" page="232" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FD9B489C8E3BFC58" author="Kensley" box="[635,785,916,938]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Kensley, B. (2001) Biogeography of the marine Isopoda of the Indian Ocean, with a check-list of species and records. In: Kensley, B. &amp; Brusca, R. C. (Eds.), Isopod Systematics and Evolution, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Crustacean Issues, 13, pp. 205 - 264." type="journal article" year="2001">Kensley, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF7748BA8860FBF4" blockId="31.[151,1436,762,1030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3A6E4203401D16FF7748BA8860FBF4" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF7748BA8C7BFC3A" ID-CoL="69KYP" box="[151,337,946,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF7748BA8C7BFC3A" box="[151,337,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoa retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FE8F48BB8FA7FC3A" author="Bruce" box="[367,653,946,968]" page="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE8F48BB8F58FC3A" author="Bruce" box="[367,626,946,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 5–8.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FCF248BA8EF4FC3A" author="Kensley" box="[786,990,946,968]" page="232" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FCF248BA8E81FC3A" author="Kensley" box="[786,939,946,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Kensley, B. (2001) Biogeography of the marine Isopoda of the Indian Ocean, with a check-list of species and records. In: Kensley, B. &amp; Brusca, R. C. (Eds.), Isopod Systematics and Evolution, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Crustacean Issues, 13, pp. 205 - 264." type="journal article" year="2001">Kensley, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FC1D48BA8856FC3A" author="Bruce" box="[1021,1404,946,968]" page="173" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FC1D48BA8861FC3A" author="Bruce" box="[1021,1355,946,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L., Lew Ton, H. M. L. &amp; Poore, G. C. B. (2002) Cymothoidae Leach, 1814. In: Poore, G. C. B. (Ed.), Crustacea: Malacostraca: Syncarida, Peracarida: Isopoda, Tanaidacea, Mictacea, Thermosbaenacea, Spelaeofriphacea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 168 - 183." type="book chapter" year="2002">Bruce, Lew Ton &amp; Poore, 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 173
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FF2748D98FF3FC15" author="Trilles" box="[199,729,977,999]" page="446" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF2748D98F8FFC15" author="Trilles" box="[199,677,977,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Trilles, J. - P., Ravichandran, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, G. (2011) A checklist of the Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) recorded from Indian fishes. Acta Parasitologica, 56, 446 - 459. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 011 - 0077 - z" type="journal article" year="2011">Trilles, Ravichandran &amp; Rameshkumar, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 446
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FD1748D98EE7FC15" author="Hadfield" box="[759,973,977,999]" page="161" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FD1748D98EB2FC15" author="Hadfield" box="[759,920,977,999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A. (2012) The biodiversity and systematics of marine fish parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae from southern Africa, In: Faculty of Science. Philosophiae Doctor. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, pp. 1 - 445." type="book chapter" year="2012">Hadfield, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 161
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 4.37–4.38.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB7748D98C22FBF4" author="Hadfield" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 a) Review of the fish parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from South Africa, including the description of two new species. Zookeys, 400, 1 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 400.6878" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Hadfield, Bruce &amp; Smit, 2014a</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
.—Smit, Bruce &amp; Hadfield, 2014: 6, figs. 3(I).—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8B6F7D03401D16FCE948F889C8FBF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3505534" author="Hadfield" box="[777,1250,1008,1030]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5D84075AC899CD3DE6966F57C96D81B" page="448" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FCE948F88985FBF4" author="Hadfield" box="[777,1199,1008,1030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">Hadfield, Bruce, Szinetár &amp; Smit, 2014b</bibRefCitation>
: 448
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1–8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3301AE703401D16FF774F3A8F89FB0D" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF774F3A8F89FB0D" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF774F3A8C88FBB9" bold="true" box="[151,418,1074,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE03401D16FF774F3A8DF8FBB9" box="[151,210,1074,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Type</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE03401D16FEF14F3A8C6FFBB9" box="[273,325,1074,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE03401D16FE074F3A8F7BFBB9" box="[487,593,1074,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FCE44F3A8921FBB9" box="[772,1035,1074,1099]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FC8F4F3C8E88FBB9" box="[879,930,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. (2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
is held at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (
<collectionCode id="ED3BD1A903401D16FEB94F5F8C86FB9D" box="[345,428,1111,1135]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">SMNH</collectionCode>
8579), collected by Wahlberg near Port
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FC9F4F5E8E95FB9D" box="[895,959,1110,1135]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Natal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FC2C4F5E8975FB9D" box="[972,1119,1110,1135]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">South Africa</collectingCountry>
from an unknown host and figured by Schioedte &amp; Meinert (1883).
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE03401D16FDBC4F728FD5FB61" box="[604,767,1146,1171]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
include one ovigerous female held at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (
<collectionCode id="ED3BD1A903401D16FE954F978CE2FB45" box="[373,456,1183,1207]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">SMNH</collectionCode>
8324) collected near Port
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FD134F968E19FB45" box="[755,819,1182,1207]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Natal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FCDE4F968EE4FB45" box="[830,974,1182,1207]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">South Africa</collectingCountry>
by Wahlberg from an unknown host and one non-ovigerous female held at the Zoological Museum (
<collectionCode id="ED3BD1A903401D16FCCC4FCB8E55FB29" box="[812,895,1219,1243]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">ZMHB</collectionCode>
1708) collected from
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FB954FCA8823FB29" box="[1141,1289,1218,1243]" name="Mozambique" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
by W. Peters from an unknown host (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE424FEE8FBDFB0D" author="Hadfield" box="[418,663,1254,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FDED4FEF8F14FB0D" box="[525,574,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3301AE703401D16FF274E028F8BFA08" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF274E028F8BFA08" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF274E028C11FAD1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1290,1315]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FEA94E028F36FAD1" box="[329,540,1290,1315]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FEA94E028F36FAD1" box="[329,540,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoa retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily identified by the large anterolateral projections of pereonite 1, rectangular-shaped body, dorsally visible coxae, with coxae 4–7 with posteriorly acute projections, posterior margin of pleotelson subtruncate, and pereopods 5–7 with posteriorly expanded basis.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB984E5B88B6FA99" author="Bruce" box="[1144,1436,1363,1387]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF284E7E8CFAFA7D" box="[200,464,1398,1423]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FED44E7F8C4DFA7D" box="[308,359,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. (2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
provided recent reviews and noted variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FC1A4E7F894BFA7C" box="[1018,1121,1399,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FC1A4E7F894BFA7C" box="[1018,1121,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">C. retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FAC84E7E88B2FA7D" box="[1320,1432,1398,1423]" name="Indonesia" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FF774E928C01FA41" box="[151,299,1434,1459]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, West Irian, Red Sea and
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FDB84E928FE8FA41" box="[600,706,1434,1459]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FD2E4E928EFCFA41" box="[718,982,1434,1459]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FCD94E948E41FA41" box="[825,875,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. (2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
listed nine varying characters observed between different
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FE8B4EB78CFEFA24" box="[363,468,1471,1494]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FE8B4EB78CFEFA24" box="[363,468,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">C. retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from different regions of the Indian Ocean. The species has only been recorded from half-beaks,
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FE204EEA8F46FA09" box="[448,620,1506,1531]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemirhamphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FE204EEA8F46FA09" box="[448,620,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Hemirhamphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3301AE703401D16FF274D0E8E9CF905" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF274D0E8CA0F979" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FF274D0E8F44F9ED" ID-CoL="7TLPL" authority="Pillai, 1954" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1954" box="[199,622,1542,1567]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemiramphi">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF274D0E8CF0F9ED" box="[199,474,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoa hemiramphi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE074D0E8F44F9ED" author="Pillai" box="[487,622,1542,1567]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1954) A preliminary note on the Tanaidacea and Isopoda of Travancore. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, University of Travancore, Trivandrum, 3, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Pillai, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is placed into
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FCC94D0F8EFEF9ED" box="[809,980,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">nomen dubium</emphasis>
because the original description lacks sufficient information and there were no figures. This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FC014D238962F9B1" ID-CoL="69KYP" box="[993,1096,1579,1603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retusa">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FC014D238962F9B1" box="[993,1096,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">C. retusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of Pillai’s (1954) brief account describing the prominent anterolateral projections on pereonite 1 that extend beyond the eyes, along with the host identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF274D9E8E9CF905" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF274D9E8CB9F95D" author="Hilgendorf" box="[199,403,1686,1711]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hilgendorf, F. (1879) Die von Herrn. W. Peters in Mocambique gesammelten Crustaceen Monatsbericht de Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalisch-mathematischen Klasse, pp. 782 - 851." type="book chapter" year="1879">Hilgendorf (1879)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the species “
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FD464D9E8EA1F95C" box="[678,907,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoae retusae”</emphasis>
collected by Peters from
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FB4B4D9E8815F95D" box="[1195,1343,1686,1711]" name="Mozambique" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
without
<typeStatus id="5491F7CE03401D16FF774DB38DEDF921" box="[151,199,1723,1747]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">type</typeStatus>
allocation or description. “
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FDE04DB28FCDF920" box="[512,743,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Ceratothoae retusae”</emphasis>
was placed into
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FC4B4DB48960F921" box="[939,1098,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">nomen nudum</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB994DB388B6F921" author="Bruce" box="[1145,1436,1723,1747]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and Schioedte &amp; Meinert (1883) became the authorities for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3301AE703401D16FF274C0A8CBCF801" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF274C0A8F94F875" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF274C0A8C4AF8E9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1794,1819]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Distribution.</emphasis>
Northern
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FE364C0A8F17F8E9" box="[470,573,1794,1819]" name="Australia" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Western Irian Jaya (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FCB94C0B8944F8E9" author="Bruce" box="[857,1134,1795,1819]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FB634C0A89DAF8E9" box="[1155,1264,1794,1819]" name="Indonesia" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(Trilles 2008);
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FF774C2E8DFBF8CD" box="[151,209,1830,1855]" name="India" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF3F4C2E8C74F8CD" author="Pillai" box="[223,350,1830,1855]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1954) A preliminary note on the Tanaidacea and Isopoda of Travancore. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, University of Travancore, Trivandrum, 3, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Pillai 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE8A4C2F8F5DF8CD" author="Bruce" box="[362,631,1831,1855]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FD634C2E8E67F8CD" author="Trilles" box="[643,845,1830,1855]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Trilles, J. - P., Ravichandran, S. &amp; Rameshkumar, G. (2011) A checklist of the Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) recorded from Indian fishes. Acta Parasitologica, 56, 446 - 459. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11686 - 011 - 0077 - z" type="journal article" year="2011">
Trilles
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FD324C2F8E28F8CD" box="[722,770,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FC804C2E8EDAF8CD" box="[864,1008,1830,1855]" name="South Africa" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(Schioedte &amp; Meinert 1883;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FAD94C2E8DFAF891" author="Stebbing" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1908 - 1910) General catalogue of South African Crustacea. (Part V. of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 6, 281 - 594." type="journal article" year="1908">
Stebbing
<date id="FF946FAC03401D16FF774C438DFAF891" box="[151,208,1867,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" value="1908" valueMax="1910">1908</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF3F4C438C33F891" author="Stebbing" box="[223,281,1867,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1910) Isopoda from the Indian Ocean and British East Africa. No. 6. In: Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2, 83 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00525. x" type="journal article" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FECC4C428CE4F891" author="Barnard" box="[300,462,1866,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1924 - 1926) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. No. 9. Further additions to the list of Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 20, 381 - 411." type="journal article" year="1924">
Barnard
<date id="FF946FAC03401D16FE754C428CE4F891" box="[405,462,1866,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" value="1924" valueMax="1926">1924</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1926; 1940;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FD984C438EB4F891" author="Bruce" box="[632,926,1867,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="F33D09FC03401D16FC5A4C428964F891" box="[954,1102,1866,1891]" name="Mozambique" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB844C42880BF891" author="Nierstrasz" box="[1124,1313,1866,1891]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Nierstrasz, H. E. (1931) Isopoda genuina. II. Flabellifera. In: Weber, M. &amp; De Beaufort, L. F. (Eds.), Die Isopoden der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga Expeditie (Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch Gebied verzameld in de Oost-Indische 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 123 - 233." type="book chapter" year="1931">Nierstrasz 1931</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FAD54C438C15F875" author="Bruce" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
); Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE5E4C668F99F875" author="Hadfield" box="[446,691,1902,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FDC94C678F70F875" box="[553,602,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B95496C03401D16FF274C9A8CBCF801" blockId="31.[151,1436,1074,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FF274C9A8C3BF859" bold="true" box="[199,273,1938,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Hosts.</emphasis>
Halfbeak fish
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FE214C9A8E77F859" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[449,861,1938,1963]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemirhamphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="far">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FE214C9A8FB2F859" box="[449,664,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Hemirhamphus far</emphasis>
(Forsskål, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FC8F4C9A8924F859" author="Barnard" box="[879,1038,1938,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1924 - 1926) Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. No. 9. Further additions to the list of Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 20, 381 - 411." type="journal article" year="1924">
Barnard
<date id="FF946FAC03401D16FC354C9A8924F859" box="[981,1038,1938,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" value="1924" valueMax="1926">1924</date>
</bibRefCitation>
–1926;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB864C9A89CDF859" author="Pillai" box="[1126,1255,1938,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1954) A preliminary note on the Tanaidacea and Isopoda of Travancore. Bulletin of the Central Research Institute, University of Travancore, Trivandrum, 3, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1954">Pillai 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB154C9A88BDF859" author="Kensley" box="[1269,1431,1938,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Kensley, B. (1978) Guide to the Marine Isopods of Southern Africa. South African Museum &amp; The Rustica Press, Wynberg, Cape Town, 173 pp." type="book" year="1978">Kensley 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF774CBF8C8CF83D" author="Bruce" box="[151,422,1975,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FE534CBE8F8CF83D" author="Hadfield" box="[435,678,1974,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FDFC4CBF8F67F83D" box="[540,589,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C2A32EF03401D16FD5B4CBE895DF83D" authority="Gunther, 1866" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1866" box="[699,1143,1974,1999]" family="Hemiramphidae" genus="Hemirhamphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FD5B4CBE8EE4F83D" box="[699,974,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Hemirhamphus robustus</emphasis>
Günther, 1866
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FB664CBF88BDF83D" author="Bruce" box="[1158,1431,1975,1999]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Bowman, T. E. (1989) Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 489, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Bruce &amp; Bowman 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB349D03401D16FF774CD28CA0F801" author="Hadfield" box="[151,394,2010,2035]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L., Szinetar, C. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2014 b) Ceratothoa retusa (Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1883) (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a variable species of fish parasitic marine isopod from the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 87, 448 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003293" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="B95E957E03401D16FEE04CD48C1BF801" box="[256,305,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">et al</emphasis>
. 2014b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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