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<document id="BFDDD460E559458A095A5CEF464AE872" ID-CLB-Dataset="48132" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.207073" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3815507-6100-464e-aaf6-60d6820a1eec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="207073" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460228776049" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard &amp; Queiroz, Kevin De" docDate="2011" docId="038287FDFFA4606769838890D3D7FE3F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02752p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2752" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hoplocercus spinosus Fitzinger 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFBBFF85FFBB604769148B6ED174FF93" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1720202091178" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="70E801D2D0B288BBB054756DF535121A">A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AA90D7EA9F4189BAC4E409BC50FB25A7">Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2250AE67C02B7FE0185DB3BC69552F0">Etheridge, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1294AA766510E8D3D7176657AA350D4A">Queiroz, Kevin De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BE5E0481DFF93DFE7005BC2DF313D2FE">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038287FDFFA4606769838890D3D7FE3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287FDFFA4606769838890D3D7FE3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287FDFFA4606769838890D3D7FE3F" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838890D3D1FBCB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838890D32FFB8B" blockId="31.[151,603,1022,1048]" box="[151,603,1022,1048]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D0DC8187FFA4605869838890D32FFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,603,1022,1048]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838890D32FFB8B" ID-CoL="3MLCT" authority="Fitzinger 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,603,1022,1048]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838890D32FFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,603,1022,1048]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838890D0EBFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,415,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA4605868B38890D32FFB8B" author="Fitzinger" box="[423,603,1022,1048]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger 1843</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838F2CD3D1FBCB" blockId="31.[151,893,1090,1143]" box="[151,677,1090,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Proposed standard English name: spiny weapontails</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838F0FD209FBE4" box="[151,893,1121,1143]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838F0FD209FBE4" blockId="31.[151,893,1090,1143]" box="[151,893,1121,1143]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de cola armorizada espinosas</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838FF7D44DFA98" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838FF7D569FB5D" blockId="31.[151,1436,1177,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838FF7D336FB23" authority="Fitzinger (1843:78)" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,578,1177,1200]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838FF7D000FB3C" box="[151,372,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA46058686E8FF7D336FB23" author="Fitzinger" box="[378,578,1177,1200]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Fitizinger, L. (1843) Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Baumuller und Seidel, Wien, 106 pp." type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843:78)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54908849FFA460586B5F8FF4D3D8FB3C" box="[587,684,1178,1199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: not located by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586A5E8FF7D553FB3C" author="Avila-Pires" box="[842,1063,1177,1199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires (1995:34)</bibRefCitation>
, from “
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA460586D678FF7D5C2FB3C" box="[1139,1206,1177,1199]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
”;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586DDD8FF7D4ECFB3C" author="Dumeril" box="[1225,1432,1177,1199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Dumeril, A. (1856) Description des reptiles nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus de la collection du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caracteres des reptiles. Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 6, 437 - 588." type="journal article" year="1856">Duméril (1856:562)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA4605869D38FD6D0DEFB5D" author="Boulenger" box="[199,426,1208,1230]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) II. Taylor and Francis, London, 497 pp." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger (1885:199)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA4605868A18FD7D3E8FB5D" author="Burt" box="[437,668,1208,1230]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Burt, C. E. &amp; Burt, M. D. (1933) A preliminary check list of the lizards of South America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St Louis, 28, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1933">Burt &amp; Burt (1933:26)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586BB28FD7D56DFB5D" author="Peters" box="[678,1049,1208,1230]" pageId="31" pageNumber="40" refString="Peters, J. A. &amp; Donoso-Barros, R. (1970) Catalogue of the neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. United States National Museum Bulletin, 297, 1 - 293." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters &amp; Donoso-Barros (1970:148)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838FB9D44DFA98" blockId="31.[151,1436,1177,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605869838FB9D306FB7F" authority="Duges and Braconnier" authorityName="Duges and Braconnier" box="[151,626,1238,1261]" class="Squamata" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Pachycercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838FB9D0F5FB7E" box="[151,385,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pachycercus aculeatus</emphasis>
Dugès and Braconnier
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586B838FB8D21CFB7F" author="Dumeril" box="[663,872,1238,1260]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Dumeril, A. (1854) Essai d'application a la clase des reptiles d'une distribution par series paralleles et description d'un saurien type d'un genre nouveau dans le familie des iguaniens (le Pachycerque). Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 6, 544 - 562." type="journal article" year="1854">Duméril (1854:561)</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54908849FFA460586A608FB9D2A1FB7F" box="[884,981,1239,1260]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: not located by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586D6A8FB8D42AFB7F" author="Avila-Pires" box="[1150,1374,1238,1260]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires (1995:34)</bibRefCitation>
, from “Province de Saint-Paul [São Paulo] [in error,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586B898F9BD21EFA98" author="Vanzolini" box="[669,874,1269,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="41" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. (1977) An Annotated Bibliography of the Land and Fresh-water Reptiles of South America (1758 - 1975). Vol. 1 (1758 - 1900). Museu de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 186 pp." type="book chapter" year="1977">Vanzolini (1977:76)</bibRefCitation>
]
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFFA460586A628F9BD2C2FA98" box="[886,950,1269,1291]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brésil</collectingCountry>
,” synonymy
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA460586D2F8F9BD515FA98" box="[1083,1121,1269,1291]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA460586D738F9BD441FA98" author="Dumeril" box="[1127,1333,1269,1291]" pageId="31" pageNumber="39" refString="Dumeril, A. (1855) [Letter in &quot; Melanges et nouvelles &quot;]. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 155 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1855">Duméril (1855:156)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4605869838E5CD3C2FAD9" box="[151,694,1330,1355]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869838E5CD3C2FAD9" blockId="31.[151,1436,1330,2036]" box="[151,694,1330,1355]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869838E5CD065FAD8" bold="true" box="[151,273,1330,1355]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
See diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FFA4605868C28E5DD310FAD8" box="[470,612,1331,1355]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605868C28E5DD310FAD8" box="[470,612,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hoplocercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FFA4606769D18E3DD552FEAC" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869D18E3DD5E9F88F" blockId="31.[151,1436,1330,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869D18E3DD023FAFF" bold="true" box="[197,343,1363,1388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
(1) dorsal head scales flat and smooth or multicarinate, not strongly projecting dorsally; (2) posterior superciliaries not enlarged relative to adjacent scales; (3) scales on lateral edge of skull roof just posterior to superciliaries not projecting; (4) all pretympanic scales similar in size; (5) gular scales granular or flat and smooth, juxtaposed or slightly imbricate, not projecting ventrally; (6) dorsal neck scales heterogeneous in size, granular or large and conical; lateral neck scales granular, homogeneous in size; (7) vertebrals not forming middorsal row of enlarged scales; (8) nuchal region without middorsal crest; (9) dorsals smooth and heterogeneous in size, with largest scales forming 34 discontinuous longitudinal rows on each side of the vertebral row; (10) discontinuous longitudinal row of raised, enlarged scales between dorsals and flank scales present; (11) scales on flanks heterogeneous in size, mostly granular with a few scattered enlarged scales; (12) ventrals smooth; (13) fore limb scales smooth or slightly keeled dorsally, granular (proximally) and smooth (distally) ventrally; (14) hind limb scales smooth or slightly keeled dorsally and smooth ventrally; scattered enlarged scales present dorsally; dorsal scales of pes homogeneous in size; (15) caudals heterogeneous in size, with some on dorsal side modified as conspicuous spines; (16) tail flattened dorsoventrally. Meristic and morphometric characters are presented in
<tableCitation id="C6A90350FFA460586D578C6AD5E2F88F" box="[1091,1174,1796,1820]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,235,1304,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1377,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary of counts and measurements (mm) for species of Hoplocercinae. Range (first line) and mean ± standard" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="DF546663FFBD604169838E76D4E8FABD">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFFA4605869D18C49D246F867" blockId="31.[151,1436,1330,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FFA4605869D18C49D0E0F8D3" bold="true" box="[197,404,1831,1856]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Coloration in life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13102A6EFFA4605868B28C46D09AF8D3" box="[422,494,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[204,1384,184,1876]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of live lizards representing twelve species of Hoplocercinae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207077/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Dorsal background brown or gray, and with alternating yellow or reddish brown and dark brown or black transverse bands, which change to a series of spots on the flanks; a whitish-cream vertical stripe (faint in females) extends dorsally from fore limb insertion to scapular region; gular region with anteromedially oriented reddish-brown stripes in some males; venter light brown or cream in females; venter entirely black or medially black and laterally orange or yellow with black dots in males; throat black, reddish brown, or dark brown in males; iris copper (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFFA46058689D8CB2D253F867" author="Avila-Pires" box="[393,807,2012,2036]" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995; color photographs</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFF9B606769D18BF6D552FEAC" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FF9B606769D18BF6D0F0FF23" bold="true" box="[197,388,151,176]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Natural history.</emphasis>
This species digs and lives in holes
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFF9B60676A338BF9D2E3FF3C" box="[807,919,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">3040 cm</quantity>
deep in the ground with entrances
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFF9B60676C3D8BF9D40AFF3C" box="[1321,1406,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 cm</quantity>
in diameter; individuals stay in the holes during the daytime, coming out at dusk. When in their holes, the lizards orient themselves with their tails toward the entrance and when disturbed, they inflate their bodies to press against the walls of the tunnel (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFF9B606768608A6AD24FFE8F" author="Avila-Pires" box="[372,827,260,284]" pageId="32" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995, and references therein</bibRefCitation>
). Diet items of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FF9B60676AF18A6AD5AFFE8F" box="[997,1243,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FF9B60676AF18A6AD5AFFE8F" box="[997,1243,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include termites, beetles, spiders, scorpions, grasshoppers, millipedes, and ants (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFF9B60676A438A49D56DFEAC" author="Avila-Pires" box="[855,1049,295,319]" pageId="32" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316560FF9B606769D18A25D3D7FE3F" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9436EBFF9B606769D18A25D3D7FE3F" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FF9B606769D18A25D02AFEF7" bold="true" box="[197,350,331,356]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FF9B6067687C8A22D314FEF7" box="[360,608,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Hoplocercidae" genus="Hoplocercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FF9B6067687C8A22D314FEF7" box="[360,608,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hoplocercus spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the Cerrado and areas of interdigitation between Cerrado and forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B1AFF9B606769F08A01D0D7FE14" author="Avila-Pires" box="[228,419,367,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="38" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFF9B606768DA8A01D366FE14" box="[462,530,367,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33C767BFF9B60676B538A01D3EEFE14" box="[583,666,367,391]" name="Bolivia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13102A6EFF9B60676BBC8A01D39FFE14" box="[680,747,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1386,1409]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,206,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1365]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution of Enyalioides palpebralis (dots) and Hoplocercus spinosus (triangles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/207086/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) from
<quantity id="4CD39B0EFF9B60676A238A01D2CCFE14" box="[823,952,367,391]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="100.0">
100
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD62FF9B60676A7A8A01D2CCFE14" box="[878,952,367,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">600 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. This species is not known to occur in sympatry with any other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D68FF9B606768E28AFAD3EFFE3F" box="[502,667,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hoplocercinae">
<emphasis id="B95FEAF9FF9B606768E28AFAD3EFFE3F" box="[502,667,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hoplocercinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>