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<mods:title id="C2C719AEDB6A8C788C52237F9B330AE4">Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038287E27E55FFDAFCB7FC8A4D76396E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5113389" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183630432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5113389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287E27E55FFDAFCB7FC8A4D76396E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287E27E55FFDAFCB7FC8A4D76396E" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
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<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCB7FC8A4A373D45" blockId="18.[837,1390,803,827]" lastBlockId="18.[1004,1224,835,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFCB7FC8A4A373D45" ID-CoL="7D5QY" authority="(Pereyaslawzewa, 1893)" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabile">
TRIGONOSTOMUM MIRABILE (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB66FC8D4B753D25" author="Pereyaslawzewa S" box="[1172,1390,803,827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref19812" refString="Pereyaslawzewa S. 1893. Monographie des Turbellaries de la Mer Noire. Memoires de la Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-Russie 17: 1 - 303. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1893">PEREYASLAWZEWA,</bibRefCitation>
1893)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFBC7FCED4AD33D45" box="[1077,1224,835,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFBC7FCED4AD33D45" blockId="18.[1004,1224,835,859]" box="[1077,1224,835,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10E57E55FFDAFBC7FCED4AD33D45" box="[1077,1224,835,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFBC7FCED4AD33D45" author="von Graff L" box="[1077,1224,835,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" refId="ref19154" refString="von Graff L. 1913. Das Tierreich 35. Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. Berlin." type="book" year="1913">GRAFF, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFBD5FCCD4A963D65" box="[1063,1165,867,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFBD5FCCD4A963D65" blockId="18.[1063,1165,867,891]" box="[1063,1165,867,891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
(
<figureCitation id="13102A717E55FFDAFBDDFCCD4A9E3D65" box="[1071,1157,867,891]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="8.[142,220,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[307,1260,205,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-255@8.[745,959,697,1084]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 7. Copulatory organs and bursal appendages of the representatives of group 1B, A, T. coronatum: A1 copulatory organ; A2 bursal appendage. (from the neotype). B, T. watsoni sp. nov. B1, 2 copulatory organ; B3 bursal appendage (B1 from the holotype; B2, 3 from the paratype). C, T. penicillatum: C1 copulatory organ; C2 bursal appendage (from the neotype). D, T. lilliei: D1, 3 copulatory organ; D2, 4 bursal appendage. [D1, 2 specimen from Australia; D3, 4 specimen from the USA (neotype = holotype of T. prytherchi)]. E, T. breitfussi: E1 copulatory organ; E2 bursal appendage; E3 section through the bursa and the bursal appendage (different specimens from Sweden; E2, 3 freehand drawings). F, T. mirabile: F1, 2 copulatory organ; F3 bursal appendage (F1, 3 from the neotype; F2 from another specimen from the Black Sea). G, T. nataschae sp. nov. G1 Copulatory organ; G2 Bursal appendage (from the holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634567/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">FIG. 7F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFCD4FC3A4A1E3A80" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FC3A4B733DB7" blockId="18.[806,1421,916,1183]" box="[806,1384,916,938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">Alternative species name: trigonostomum-mirabile</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FC1D4DA53DF8" blockId="18.[806,1421,916,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFCD4FC1D4B913DD7" authority="Pereyaslawzewa, 1893: 267" authorityName="Pereyaslawzewa" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1893" box="[806,1418,947,969]" class="Trepaxonemata" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Hyporhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neoophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
Hyporhynchus mirabilis
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFBB8FC1D4B913DD7" author="Pereyaslawzewa S" box="[1098,1418,947,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref19812" refString="Pereyaslawzewa S. 1893. Monographie des Turbellaries de la Mer Noire. Memoires de la Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-Russie 17: 1 - 303. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1893">Pereyaslawzewa, 1893: 267</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, t. 4, fig. 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FC5F4A893A7F" blockId="18.[806,1421,916,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFCD4FC5F4B913A1B" ID-CoL="7D5QY" authority="Graff, 1913: 310 - 311" authorityName="Graff" authorityPageNumber="310 - 311" authorityYear="1913" box="[806,1418,1008,1030]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabile">
Trigonostomum mirabile
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB9FFC5E4B913A1B" author="von Graff L" box="[1133,1418,1008,1030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" refId="ref19154" refString="von Graff L. 1913. Das Tierreich 35. Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. Berlin." type="book" year="1913">Graff, 1913: 310311</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 273;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFC51FBA14A9C3A3B" author="Meixner J" box="[931,1159,1039,1061]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="113 - 125" refId="ref19603" refString="Meixner J. 1924 b. Studien zu einer Monographie der Kalyptorhynchia und zum System der Turbellaria-Rhabdocoela. Zoologischer Anzeiger 60: 89 - 105, 113 - 125." type="journal article" year="1924">Meixner, 1924b: 96</bibRefCitation>
, 98;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB35FBA14B923A3A" author="Ax P" box="[1223,1417,1038,1060]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="184" refId="ref18274" refString="Ax P. 1959. Zur Systematik, Okologie und Tiergeographie der Turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere) 87: 43 -, 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Ax, 1959: 9899</bibRefCitation>
, figs 80, 81;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFC24FB834B033A5C" author="Mack-Fira V" box="[982,1304,1069,1091]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="182" refId="ref19424" refString="Mack-Fira V. 1968. Turbellaries de la Mer Noire. Rapport de la Commission pour la Mer Mediterranee 19: 179 -, 182." type="book chapter" year="1968">Mack-Fira, 1968: 179180</bibRefCitation>
, figs 24; 1974: 249, 265, 273, 281, 284.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FBC54A1E3A80" blockId="18.[806,1421,916,1183]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFCD4FBC54B5C3A9E" ID-CoL="4N85Q" authority="Beklemischev, 1927: 190 - 191" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityPageNumber="190 - 191" authorityYear="1927" box="[806,1351,1131,1153]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Proxenetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lictor">
Proxenetes lictor
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFC02FBC54B5C3A9E" author="Beklemischev W" box="[1008,1351,1131,1153]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="177 - 207" refId="ref18402" refString="Beklemischev W. 1927. Uber die Turbellarienfauna der Bucht von Odessa und der in dieselbe mundenden Quellen. Bulletin of the Institute of Biology (University of Perm) 5: 177 - 207, Tab. I. (In Russian with German summary.)" type="journal article" year="1927">Beklemischev, 1927: 190191</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 203 204, t. I, figs 8, 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFCD4FB164DD93B68" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FB164AA83B15" blockId="18.[806,1422,1207,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
Known distribution: Black Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB39FB194D443AF5" author="Pereyaslawzewa S" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref19812" refString="Pereyaslawzewa S. 1893. Monographie des Turbellaries de la Mer Noire. Memoires de la Societe des Naturalistes de la Nouvelle-Russie 17: 1 - 303. (In Russian.)" type="journal article" year="1893">Pereyaslawzewa, 1893</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFC99FB784A563AF5" author="Beklemischev W" box="[875,1101,1238,1260]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="177 - 207" refId="ref18402" refString="Beklemischev W. 1927. Uber die Turbellarienfauna der Bucht von Odessa und der in dieselbe mundenden Quellen. Bulletin of the Institute of Biology (University of Perm) 5: 177 - 207, Tab. I. (In Russian with German summary.)" type="journal article" year="1927">Beklemischev, 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFBAAFB784AA43AF2" author="Ax P" box="[1112,1215,1238,1260]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="184" refId="ref18274" refString="Ax P. 1959. Zur Systematik, Okologie und Tiergeographie der Turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere) 87: 43 -, 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Ax, 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB38FB784B923AF2" author="Mack-Fira V" box="[1226,1417,1238,1260]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="182" refId="ref19424" refString="Mack-Fira V. 1968. Turbellaries de la Mer Noire. Rapport de la Commission pour la Mer Mediterranee 19: 179 -, 182." type="book chapter" year="1968">Mack-Fira, 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFCD4FB5B4D443B15" author="Mack-Fira V" box="[806,863,1269,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="248 - 290" refId="ref19450" refString="Mack-Fira V. 1974. The Turbellarian fauna of the Romanian littoral waters of the Black Sea and its annexes. In: Riser NW, Morse MP, eds. Biology of the Turbellaria. Libbie H. Hyman Memorial Volume. New York: McGraw-Hill, 248 - 290." type="book chapter" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
); Sea of Marmara (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFBCCFB5B4AB33B15" author="Ax P" box="[1086,1192,1269,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="184" refId="ref18274" refString="Ax P. 1959. Zur Systematik, Okologie und Tiergeographie der Turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere) 87: 43 -, 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Ax, 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FA8D4DD93B68" blockId="18.[806,1422,1315,1398]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
New locality:
<materialsCitation id="3B433CA97E55FFDAFC35FA8D4DD93B68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325148359" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
<collectingCountry id="F33C76647E55FFDAFC35FA8D4A2B3B27" box="[967,1072,1315,1337]" name="Romania" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">Romania</collectingCountry>
, Black Sea, Agigea, on
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFAC8FA8D4D483B49" class="Florideophyceae" family="Ceramiaceae" genus="Ceramium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Ceramium</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="FF9510347E55FFDAFC79FAEF4A773B49" box="[907,1132,1345,1367]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" value="1968-09-26">26 September 1968</date>
, Mack-Fira (coll.
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE317E55FFDAFAC5FAEF4B923B48" box="[1335,1417,1345,1366]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">SMNH</collectionCode>
; type locality).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFCD4FA204A553BFF" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FA204A553BFF" blockId="18.[806,1422,1422,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
Material examined:
<materialsCitation id="3B433CA97E55FFDAFBE8FA204A553BFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3325148328" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" typeStatus="neotype">
Two individuals from Agigea (mounted on the same slide:
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE317E55FFDAFB9BFA034AA03BDC" box="[1129,1211,1453,1474]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">SMNH</collectionCode>
, no. 47474). One of them designated
<typeStatus id="549088567E55FFDAFC1FFA624A513BFF" box="[1005,1098,1484,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFCD4FA544D9938D9" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4FA544D9938D9" blockId="18.[806,1422,1529,1735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFC40FA544A7E3811" box="[946,1125,1530,1551]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Trigonostomum</taxonomicName>
species with copulatory organ 7274 Mm long. Stylet 8384 Mm long, proximally bent over, 180∞. Mantle with two pointed plates (as long as the stylet) surrounds only the distal part of the stylet. Bursal appendage 66 Mm long, proximally with a barrel-like casing and ± ten distal tubules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331657F7E55FFDAFCD4F9714D76396E" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9436F47E55FFDAFCD4F9714D76396E" blockId="18.[806,1422,1759,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289">
Remarks: The synonymization of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFB39F94E4B9638EA" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1927" box="[1227,1421,1759,1781]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Proxenetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lictor">Proxenetes lictor</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D777E55FFDAFC99F9514DFC390D" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1913" box="[875,999,1790,1812]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabile">T. mirabile</taxonomicName>
was made by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFB46F9504B35390A" author="Ax P" box="[1204,1326,1790,1812]" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="184" refId="ref18274" refString="Ax P. 1959. Zur Systematik, Okologie und Tiergeographie der Turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere) 87: 43 -, 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Ax (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, but it was already recognized by Beklemischev in a personal note on the offprints of his article (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B057E55FFDAFA9AF8924D7B396E" author="Ax P" pageId="18" pageNumber="289" pagination="184" refId="ref18274" refString="Ax P. 1959. Zur Systematik, Okologie und Tiergeographie der Turbellarienfauna in den ponto-kaspischen Brackwassermeeren. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere) 87: 43 -, 184." type="journal article" year="1959">Ax, 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>