treatments-xml/data/03/82/87/038287C1FFDE512FFEC63C7A99D610EF.xml

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<mods:title id="CE81C30ED7544FC2A4A5A1A8D56EFB69">Revisionary notes on Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae) with keys to species of the Holarctic Region</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C331655CFFDE512FFEC63C7A9FA4150C" box="[264,701,283,310]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEC63C7A9FA4150C" blockId="28.[264,701,283,310]" box="[264,701,283,310]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0DC81BBFFDE512FFEC63C7A9FA4150C" bold="true" box="[264,701,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFEC63C7A9FA4150C" ID-CoL="5YB3W" authority="Silvestri" authorityName="Silvestri" box="[264,701,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63C7A9FA4150C" bold="true" box="[264,701,283,310]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63C7A9F57150F" bold="true" box="[264,590,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chonocephalus mexicanus</emphasis>
Silvestri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C331655CFFDE512FFEC63C0199EF16F7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEC63C019E1D1547" blockId="28.[264,991,359,486]" box="[264,772,359,382]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B11F9FFDE512FFEC63C019E1D1547" box="[264,772,359,382]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFEC63C019FE61547" ID-CoL="5YB3W" authority="Silvestri, 1911: 172" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1911" box="[264,767,359,382]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63C019F3C1547" box="[264,549,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chonocephalus mexicanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFDE512FFDE23C019FE61547" author="Silvestri" box="[556,767,359,382]" page="172" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFDE23C019FD31547" author="Silvestri" box="[556,714,359,382]" pageId="28" pageNumber="36" refString="Silvestri, F. (1911) Contributo alla conoscenza dei mirmecofili del Messico, Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura, Portici, 5, 172 - 95." type="journal article" year="1911">Silvestri, 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEC63CEF9EB415DC" blockId="28.[264,991,359,486]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B11F9FFDE512FFEC63CEF9EB415DC" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFEC63CEF9FFC1599" authority="Malloch, 1912: 510" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="510" authorityYear="1912" box="[264,741,393,416]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63CEF9F111599" box="[264,520,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chonocephalus buccata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFDE512FFDDE3CEF9FFC1599" author="Malloch" box="[528,741,393,416]" page="510" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFDDE3CEF9FB61599" author="Malloch" box="[528,687,393,416]" pageId="28" pageNumber="35" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1912) The insects of the Dipterous family Phoridae in the United States National Museum, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43, 411 - 529." type="journal article" year="1912">Malloch, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 510
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFDE512FFD213CEF9EC21599" author="Borgmeier" box="[751,987,393,416]" page="250" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFD213CEF9EBF1599" author="Borgmeier" box="[751,934,393,416]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1963) Revision of the North American phorid flies. Part I. The Phorinae, Aenigmatiinae and Metopininae, except Megaselia (Diptera, Phoridae), Studia Entomologica, Petropolis, 6, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1963">Borgmeier, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 250
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFEC63CCA9EC115FA" ID-CoL="5YBCG" authority="Malloch. Emended Borgmeier, 1935: 257" authorityName="Malloch. Emended Borgmeier" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1935" box="[264,984,428,451]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccatus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63CCA9F0A15FA" box="[264,531,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chonocephalus buccatus</emphasis>
Malloch. Emended 
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFDE512FFD223CCA9EC115FA" author="Borgmeier" box="[748,984,428,451]" page="257" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFD223CCA9EBB15FA" author="Borgmeier" box="[748,930,428,451]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1935) Sobre o cyclo evolutivo de Chonocephalus Wandolleck e uma nova especie de Melaloncha Brues, endoparasita de abelhas, Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 255 - 65." type="journal article" year="1935">Borgmeier, 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 257
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFEC63CA99EB015DC" authority="Malloch. Emended Bohart, 1947: 411" authorityName="Malloch. Emended Bohart" authorityPageNumber="411" authorityYear="1947" box="[264,937,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccalis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC63CA99F1415DF" box="[264,525,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Chonocephalus buccalis</emphasis>
Malloch. Emended 
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFDE512FFD283CA89EB015DC" author="Bohart" box="[742,937,462,485]" page="411" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFD283CA89E6C15DC" author="Bohart" box="[742,885,462,485]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Bohart, G. E. (1947) The phorid flies of Guam, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 96, 397 - 416." type="journal article" year="1947">Bohart, 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 411
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEC63F7299EF16F7" blockId="28.[264,1324,532,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
I have remounted a cotype female of this species and designated it the 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFBAD3F7298131617" box="[1123,1290,532,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
in order to stablise its nomenclature. It is very badly bleached. However, a serious of critical measurements of it and of the 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFDA23F029FCA1647" box="[620,723,612,638]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFD343F029E601644" box="[762,889,612,637]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFD343F029E601644" box="[762,889,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. buccata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
serve to support Borgmeier’s (1963) synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFE633FEA9F37169C" box="[429,558,652,677]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFE633FEA9F37169C" box="[429,558,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. buccata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with this species. Previously he had altered the ending of Malloch’s name, to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFE0C3FD29F5516F4" ID-CoL="5YBCG" box="[450,588,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccatus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFE0C3FD29F5516F4" box="[450,588,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. buccatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(despite this it was then altered to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFC2B3FD2997016F4" box="[997,1129,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccalis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFC2B3FD2997016F4" box="[997,1129,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. buccalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Bohart).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFDE512FFEF63FBA996317DF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEF63FBA996317DF" blockId="28.[264,1324,532,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFEF63FBA9F1416CF" author="Borgmeier" box="[312,525,732,758]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1935) Sobre o cyclo evolutivo de Chonocephalus Wandolleck e uma nova especie de Melaloncha Brues, endoparasita de abelhas, Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 255 - 65." type="journal article" year="1935">Borgmeier (1935)</bibRefCitation>
correctly pointed out that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFC823FBA9EEF16CF" author="Brues" box="[844,1014,732,758]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Brues, C. T. (1915 a) A new wingless phorid fly from Jamaica, Psyche, 22, 102 - 104." type="journal article" year="1915" yearSuffix="a">Brues (1915a)</bibRefCitation>
had been incorrect to say that there are no frontal bristles above the antennal cavities. Malloch’s 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFBA83E6299801727" box="[1126,1177,772,798]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
series comprised five females. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFDE512FFE3A3E4A9FDE177F" author="Borgmeier" box="[500,711,812,838]" pageId="28" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1963) Revision of the North American phorid flies. Part I. The Phorinae, Aenigmatiinae and Metopininae, except Megaselia (Diptera, Phoridae), Studia Entomologica, Petropolis, 6, 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1963">Borgmeier (1963)</bibRefCitation>
stated that he had one 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFC1F3E4A992F177F" box="[977,1078,812,838]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in his collection, but subsequently lost it. Furthermore he retracted his previous (1935) statement that the hairs at the rear of the abdominal tergites arose from pale spots. However, I have remounted on slides the 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFE4E3EC29CFF1787" box="[384,486,932,958]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the USNM and a 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFD2D3EC29E511787" box="[739,840,932,958]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in the MKB. This species has such pale spots, but they are sometimes only slightly paler than the rest of the tergite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFDE512FFEC6397A99D610EF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEC6397A9C76100C" blockId="28.[264,1323,1052,1238]" box="[264,367,1052,1077]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC6397A9C76100C" box="[264,367,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFDE512FFEF6392299D610EF" blockId="28.[264,1323,1052,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFEF639229CB41067" box="[312,429,1092,1118]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
and a cotype female, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFDE512FFD7C39259E141064" box="[690,781,1091,1117]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFD7C39259E141064" bold="true" box="[690,781,1091,1117]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Cordoba, in nest of ant 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFBFB39229C5F10BF" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heeri">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFBFB392298321064" box="[1077,1323,1092,1117]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Brachymyrmex heeri</emphasis>
Forel
</taxonomicName>
subspecies 
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFE12390A9F4B10BC" box="[476,594,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">obscurior,</emphasis>
<date id="FF951017FFDE512FFD91390A9E2110BF" box="[607,824,1132,1158]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1908-10-05" valueMax="1908-10-07" valueMin="1908-10-05">5­7 October 1908</date>
(UNP). 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFC6B390A990B10BF" box="[933,1042,1132,1158]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFDE512FFB51390A983A10BC" box="[1183,1315,1132,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccata">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFB51390A983A10BC" box="[1183,1315,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. buccata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFDE512FFEC639F59C8B1094" box="[264,402,1171,1197]" name="Guatemala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFDE512FFEC639F59C8B1094" bold="true" box="[264,402,1171,1197]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guatemala</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, 
<date id="FF951017FFDE512FFCB539F299291097" box="[891,1072,1172,1198]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1906-04-20">20 April 1906</date>
, Schwarz &amp; Barber (
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFDE512FFEDE39DA9C7E10EF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[272,359,1212,1238]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
­ 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFEB139DA9CA010EF" box="[383,441,1212,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
no. 14902 ­ 26­59); 1 
<typeStatus id="54908875FFDE512FFD0F39DA9E3F10EF" box="[705,806,1212,1238]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female, same data (MKB ­ 27­132).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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