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<document id="457C43C0DC1AF6000E4422C86B13C6D8" ID-CLB-Dataset="68513" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6625539" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a6d8930-783d-44bc-a461-7a9aaefaeff3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625539" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654714721633" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03822308B75DFFE3FFC3F3E9F6C3FDCA" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Leporidae_0062.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lepus tolai Pallas 1778" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FFBB5B70B747FFF9FFABFFBBFFCBF65E" masterDocTitle="Leporidae" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1699339205497" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7F3D3C5A34526D97FDE405A32498C16D">Leporidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="430CC04CC0FD6C62DBEFDC21FE1AF61D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCAB65EC6D826726248B71878A51991E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03822308B75DFFE3FFC3F3E9F6C3FDCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6632784" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195832024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6632784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03822308B75DFFE3FFC3F3E9F6C3FDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03822308B75DFFE3FFC3F3E9F6C3FDCA" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
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<figureCitation id="13108E9BB75DFFE3FFC3F3E9FF69FADA" box="[104,162,3154,3204]" captionStart="Plate 3: Leporidae" captionStartId="2.[115,145,3370,3395]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,13,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Amami Rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi), 2. Jamesons Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus randensis), 3. Natal Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus crassicaudatus), 4. Smiths Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus rupestris), 5. Hewitts Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus saundersiae), 6. Volcano Rabbit (Romerolagus diaz), 7. Riverine Rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis), 8. Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), 9. Sumatran Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus netscher), 10. Annamite Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi), 11. Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), 12. San Jose Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus), 13. Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), 14. Mountain Cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii), 15. New England Cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625691/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">42.</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FF19F3E9FE45FADA" blockId="26.[103,744,3154,3246]" box="[178,398,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="D0DC2572B75DFFE3FF19F3E9FE45FADA" box="[178,398,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<vernacularName id="0528E230B75DFFE3FF19F3E9FE45FADA" box="[178,398,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Tolai Hare</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FE68F3E9FD59FADA" box="[451,658,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FE68F3E9FD59FADA" blockId="26.[103,744,3154,3246]" box="[451,658,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="D0DC2572B75DFFE3FE68F3E9FD59FADA" box="[451,658,3154,3204]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FE68F3E9FD59FADA" ID-CoL="6PQ23" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[451,658,3154,3204]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FE68F3E9FD59FADA" box="[451,658,3154,3204]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Lepus tolai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FFC3F32DFD2CFAF5" box="[104,743,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FFC3F32DFD2CFAF5" blockId="26.[103,744,3154,3246]" box="[104,743,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="D0DC2572B75DFFE3FFC3F32DFD2CFAF5" box="[104,743,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FFC3F32DFF7FFAF5" bold="true" box="[104,180,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0528E230B75DFFE3FF16F32DFEE3FAF5" box="[189,296,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Liévre tolai</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FE96F32DFE5CFAF5" bold="true" box="[317,407,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0528E230B75DFFE3FE37F32DFDCAFAF5" box="[412,513,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Tolai-Hase</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FDBDF32DFDBAFAF5" bold="true" box="[534,625,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="0528E230B75DFFE3FDD0F32DFD2CFAF5" box="[635,743,3222,3243]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Liebre tolai</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FFCCF363FD9AFAA7" box="[103,593,3288,3321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FFCCF363FD9AFAA7" blockId="26.[102,1307,3288,3486]" box="[103,593,3288,3321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FFCCF363FEC9FAA7" bold="true" box="[103,258,3288,3321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FEBBF363FD87FAA7" ID-CoL="6PQ23" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[272,588,3288,3321]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">Lepus tolai Pallas, 1778</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FDF5F363FC84FBC9" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FDF5F363FC84FBC9" blockId="26.[102,1307,3288,3486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation id="3B439843B75DFFE3FDF5F363FC84FBC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805018360" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">“Caeterum in montibus aprecis campisque rupestribus vel arenosis circa Selengam...” Restricted by S. I. Ognev in 1940 to “valley of the Selenga River,” Russia. Redefined byJ. R. Ellerman and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott in 1951 to “Adinscholo Mountain, near Tchinden [Chinden = Chindant], on Borsja [= Boriya] River, a tributary of the Onon River, Eastern Siberia.”</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3F814FE92F683F2FB" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3F814FE92F5C7F458" blockId="26.[1982,2576,297,715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
In the past,
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F7C7FE92F700F71C" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[2156,2251,297,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">L. tolai</taxonomicName>
was included as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F7FDFEFCF72CF736" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2134,2279,327,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">L. capensis</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F6B5FEFCF60FF736" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[2334,2500,327,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">L. europaeus</taxonomicName>
. Formerly,
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F78FFED4F742F7CE" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[2084,2185,367,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">L. tolai</taxonomicName>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F68DFED4F60EF7CE" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1841" box="[2342,2501,367,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tibetanus">L. tibetanus</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies. Today, the separation between
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F814FE79F7EDF781" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[1983,2086,450,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">L. tolai</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F72BFE79F6E9F781" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1841" box="[2176,2338,450,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tibetanus">L. tibetanus</taxonomicName>
on the species level are still questioned by taxonomists.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3F814FDB6F5C7F495" blockId="26.[1982,2576,297,715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
Furthermore, no morphological characteristics have been found to separate the tolai-tibetanus-group from
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F68CFDE7F67FF423" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2343,2484,604,637]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">L. capensis</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F66EFDE7F833F4FA" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">Lepus tolai</taxonomicName>
also included przewalskii that is now considered a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F6C7FD11F5C2F495" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1840" box="[2412,2569,682,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oiostolus">L. oiostolus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF1FD69F683F2FB" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
An unclear situation exists in southern Iraq and south-western Iran. The subspecies cheybani occurs westward to ¢.55°-56° E, while
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F853FCB9F74CF545" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2040,2183,770,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">L. capensis</taxonomicName>
arabicus occurs eastward to south-eastern Iraq. Whether or not the two forms come into contact is unknown, but their distributions might be separated by that of
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F7B9FCF2F77DF534" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[2066,2230,841,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">L. europaeus</taxonomicName>
connori in south-western Iran. A molecular analysis separated subspecies swinhoei as an independent species and assigned
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FA70FC2CF9B8F5E6" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1841" box="[1499,1651,919,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tibetanus">L. tibetanus</taxonomicName>
centrasiaticus to
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F8F8FC2CF87BF5E6" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[1875,1968,919,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">L. tolai</taxonomicName>
. The population of
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F762FC2CF697F5E6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[2249,2396,919,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coreanus">L. coreanus</taxonomicName>
in Jilin Province, China, may belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F94AFC04F8F4F5BE" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[1761,1855,959,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolai">L. tolai</taxonomicName>
. As taxonomists are still trying to clarify the species differentiation in
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3F9F1FC5DF96DF259" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1626,1702,998,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lepus</taxonomicName>
, the subspecific taxonomy is not elaborated yet. The original descriptions of the subspecies are often not very helpful as they are mostly based on few exterior characteristics and small numbers of individuals. It has been shown that the variability is clinal in more careful investigations. Hence, the distinction in subspecies might be arbitrary and unreasonable. Seven subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF7FB0AF6AAF06E" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
<caption id="DF54C296B75DFFE3FAF7FB0AF6AAF06E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625765/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" startId="26.[1372,1526,1201,1230]" targetBox="[1368,1958,298,712]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF7FB0AF927F290" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1372,1772,1201,1230]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF7FB0AF927F290" bold="true" box="[1372,1772,1201,1230]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6FB6CF60CF2AA" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1373,2503,1239,1268]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF6FB6CF60CF2AA" authority="Pallas, 1778" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1778" box="[1373,2503,1239,1268]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="tolai">L.t.tolaiPallas,1778—InnerMongolia(=NeiMongol),andGansu(NCChina).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6FB40F70BF342" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1373,2240,1275,1308]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF6FB40F70BF342" authority="Ognev, 1922" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1922" box="[1373,2240,1275,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="buchariensis">L.t.buchariensisOgnev,1922—TajikistanandNEAfghanistan.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6FA9CF7F1F31A" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1373,2106,1319,1348]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF6FA9CF7F1F31A" authority="Baloutch, 1978" authorityName="Baloutch" authorityYear="1978" box="[1373,2106,1319,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="cheybani">L.t.cheybaniBaloutch,1978—SWIran(ZagrosMts).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6FAE9F6ADF335" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1373,2406,1362,1387]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF6FAE9F6ADF335" authority="Shamel, 1940" authorityName="Shamel" authorityYear="1940" box="[1373,2406,1362,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="cinnamomeus">L.t.cinnamomeusShamel,1940—SWSichuan,andNYunnan(SCChina).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6FACAF7C6F3CC" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" box="[1373,2061,1393,1426]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF6FACAF7C6F3CC" authority="Matschie, 1908" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1907" box="[1373,2061,1393,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="filchneri">L.t.filchneriMatschie,1908—Shaanxi(CChina).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF5FA1BF74EF3BF" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF5FA1BF74EF3BF" authority="Severtzov, 1873" authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1873" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="lehmanni">L.t.lehmanniSevertzov,1873—SKazakhstan,Turkmenistan,andextremeN&amp;NEIran,EtoSSiberia,Mongolia,andXinjiang(NWChina).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF5FA5CF6AAF06E" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB75DFFE3FAF5FA5CF911F056" authority="Thomas, 1894" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" box="[1374,1754,1511,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tolai" subSpecies="swinhoei">L. t. swinhoei Thomas, 1894</taxonomicName>
— from Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia S to Hebei, Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Shandong (NE &amp; E China).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF6F98DF7A8F0AB" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6F98DF7A8F0AB" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">The Tolai Hare occurs in the steppes E of the Caspian Sea, S to NE &amp; SW Iran, E through the Middle Asian republics to Afghanistan, and from Kazakhstan and S Siberia to Mongolia, S Russian Far East, NW, C &amp; NE China; an isolated population lives in S Iraq and SW Iran. A single specimen in South Asia might extend the distribution of the Tolai Hare as far S as Jammu and Kashmir, N India.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF6F941F86DFE56" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6F941F86DFE56" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF6F941F992F145" bold="true" box="[1373,1625,1786,1819]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 400-590 mm, tail 72-110 mm, ear 80-120 mm, hindfoot 110-127 mm; weight 1.7-2.7 kg. Color of the Tolai Hare varies across its distribution. Dorsal fur is sandy yellow, pale brown, dusty yellow or sandy gray, mixed with dark brown and red stripes. Hips are grayish to ocherous, and ventral fur is pure white. Tail is wholly white below and on sides, with broad black or blackish brown stripe above. There are grayish white or ocherous eye rings extending back to bases of ears and forward toward mouth. Ear tips are black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF5F7ACF725FE90" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF5F7ACF725FE90" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF5F7ACFA06FE6E" bold="true" box="[1374,1485,2071,2096]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Habitat.</emphasis>
Grassland and forest meadows (never true forests), with tall grasses or shrubby areas for cover in China and semi-desert, mountain-steppe, forest steppe, and rocky habitat in Mongolia. The Tolai Hare is generally found at elevations of 600-900 m but ascends up to 4900 m in mountains. Forms are created using the front paws. Depths of forms are less during hot weather than when it is cold and windy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF4F76FF731FF42" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF4F76FF731FF42" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF4F76FF9AFFEAB" bold="true" box="[1375,1636,2260,2293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Diet of the Tolai Hare consists of grass, roots, and herbaceous vegetation. Individuals use fixed and restricted routes while foraging.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF4F698F982FF32" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF4F698F982FF32" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF4F698FA2EFF1A" bold="true" box="[1375,1509,2339,2372]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Breeding.</emphasis>
The Tolai Hare has 2-3 litters/year, with 2-6 young/litter. Females give birth in burrows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF6F6CAFA6FFFE5" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF6F6CAFA6FFFE5" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF6F6CAF981FFCC" bold="true" box="[1373,1610,2417,2450]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Tolai Hare is nocturnal. Forms are used for resting during daytime.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FAF4F67BF9FFFC57" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FAF4F67BF9FFFC57" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FAF4F67BF7EDFFBF" bold="true" box="[1375,2086,2496,2529]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FACBF5B4F828FCAB" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FACBF5B4F828FCAB" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FACBF5B4F975FC6E" bold="true" box="[1376,1726,2575,2608]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tolai Hare is listed as least concern on the Chinese and Mongolian red lists. It is widespread and occurs in many protected areas. Its overall population is large, and no major threats are known. Hunting for meat, skins, and traditional medicine has been noted as a threat in Mongolia. In southern Uzbekistan, records of fur harvests decreased from 8751 Tolai Hares in 1959 to 595 in 1977.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331C195B75DFFE3FACAF4BFF6C3FDCA" pageId="26" pageNumber="133" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8B94921EB75DFFE3FACAF4BFF6C3FDCA" blockId="26.[1370,2582,722,2964]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB75DFFE3FACAF4BFFA31FD43" bold="true" box="[1377,1530,2820,2845]" pageId="26" pageNumber="133">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Angermann (1983, 2016), Baloutch (1978), Cai Guiquan &amp; Feng Zuojian (1982), Chakraborty, Bhattacharyya, Srinivasulu, Venkataraman, Goonatilake &amp; Daniel (2005), Cheng Cheng etal. (2012), China Red List &amp; Johnston (2008a), Clark et al. (2006), Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott (1951), Hoffmann &amp; Smith (2005), Karami et al. (2008), Lissovsky (2016), Ognev (1940, 1966), Smith (2008c), Sokolov et al. (2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>