683 lines
90 KiB
XML
683 lines
90 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A632B5DD4EBFFCA442A42C5681805D4F">Cryptic invasions of Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae), with description of a new species from Queensland, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88A37F11836125DA78E330CE4DDC1A04">Radashevsky, Vasily I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE7E9C1938260B05CDB4A2D1505BF7E2">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="50A8FE86328352D03F9A5ADD3A83956A">Malyar, Vasily V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9DAE8A9D7AC23A619375B4A97A23838">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="90C4D7E7C7C5C7EF129459FC731992EA" type="email">thebotkininc@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2C12C4E234181AC08A2162B6C9D92FCE">Pankova, Victoria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="401F6F346326D45555143B69D25461C5">A. V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5AAC65735747B4B2AD6877A8BCB106C" type="email">pankova.victoria@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B0900C6CBE5442A59611A03EB8626E3C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AD962FF98339BB8F4B0FAC47510A33AD">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF8FEC46FF10B7C40D7F56D6" box="[151,803,1241,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8FEC46FF10B7C40D7F56D6" blockId="6.[151,803,1241,1304]" box="[151,803,1241,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<heading id="D1426254FF8FEC46FF10B7C40D7F56D6" bold="true" box="[151,803,1241,1268]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8FEC46FF10B7C40D7F56D6" ID-CoL="6WH27" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,803,1241,1268]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FF10B7C40D7F56D6" bold="true" box="[151,803,1241,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FF10B7C40FE356D6" bold="true" box="[151,447,1241,1268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
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Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF8FEC46FF10B7E00F31573A" box="[151,365,1277,1304]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8FEC46FF10B7E00F31573A" blockId="6.[151,803,1241,1304]" box="[151,365,1277,1304]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8FEC46FF10B7E00F435735" box="[151,287,1277,1303]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1327,1851]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,777,1613]" captionTargetId-0="figure-405@6.[189,1398,1327,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure-517@7.[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetId-2="figure-299@8.[189,1398,777,1613]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Pseudopolydora achaeta adult morphology. A, B, anterior ends, dorsal view. C, D, anterior end, left lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, D = 200 µm; C = 500 µm. A, Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (MIMB 40946). B, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil (MIMB 40945). C, D—Florida, USA (VIR 24579, photos by Michael Scott Jones)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora achaeta. A, chaetigers 3–6, left lateral view. B, posterior-row falcate spines from notopodium of chaetiger 5. C, hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 8. Abbreviations: ch3, ch4—chaetigers 3 and 4. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm; C = 10 µm. A–C—Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (SEM, VIR 700)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Pseudopolydora achaeta larval morphology. A–D, 20-chaetiger larva from plankton: A, dorsal view, in transmitted light; B, same, ventral view; C, dorsal view, in reflected light; D, same, ventral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm. Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (in life, VIR 25357)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209879" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209881" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209883" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13209879/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13209881/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13209883/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Figures 2–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8FEC46FEADB7E00F31573A" box="[298,365,1277,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@11.[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora spp. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (A) and P. rosebelae (C). Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (B) and P. rosebelae (D). Correlation coefficients (r) and equations (y) for the distribution of branchiae and the total number of chaetigers are presented in the corresponding graphs. All correlations are significant (P <0.05)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209891/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">6A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DECA85B0FF8FEC46FF10B44E0DB85596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209879/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" startId="6.[151,250,1875,1899]" targetBox="[189,1398,1327,1851]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8FEC46FF10B44E0DB85596" blockId="6.[151,1437,1875,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FF10B44E0F485549" bold="true" box="[151,276,1875,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8FEC46FE9CB4490C44554E" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[283,536,1876,1900]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="6" pageNumber="219" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FE9CB4490C44554E" box="[283,536,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adult morphology.
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FD67B44E0CAE5549" bold="true" box="[736,754,1875,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FD78B4490D4C554E" bold="true" box="[767,784,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
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, anterior ends, dorsal view.
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FBB6B44E0A1F5549" bold="true" box="[1073,1091,1875,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FBD7B4490A3E554E" bold="true" box="[1104,1122,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
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, anterior end, left lateral view. Scale bars:
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FE88B46A0F7D55AD" bold="true" box="[271,289,1911,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FEB7B4650F1D55B2" bold="true" box="[304,321,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FEC8B4650F3D55B2" bold="true" box="[335,353,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
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= 200 µm;
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FE58B46A0FAD55AD" bold="true" box="[479,497,1911,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
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= 500 µm.
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FDE8B46A0CDD55AD" bold="true" box="[623,641,1911,1935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
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, Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (MIMB 40946).
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FBC2B4650A0A55B2" bold="true" box="[1093,1110,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
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, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil (MIMB 40945).
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FEC6B4860F0F5591" bold="true" box="[321,339,1947,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8FEC46FEE7B4810F2E5596" bold="true" box="[352,370,1948,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
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—Florida, USA (VIR 24579, photos by Michael Scott Jones).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF8EEC47FF10B38A0ACD5373" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B38A0C2452D7" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AAA5F216FF8EEC47FF10B38A0BC1528D" box="[151,1437,150,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitation id="0B14F329FF8EEC47FF10B38A0D65528D" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L." box="[151,825,151,175]" page="226" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8EEC47FF10B38A0D65528D" ID-CoL="6WH27" authority="Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 b: 223 - 226" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityPageNumber="223 - 226" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,825,151,175]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
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<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF10B38A0FC9528D" box="[151,405,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FE1BB38A0D65528D" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L." box="[412,825,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="218 - 235" refId="ref18761" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L. (2000 b) Pseudopolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) species from Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 39 (3), 218 - 235." type="journal article" year="2000">Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000b: 223−226</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 4, 5, 11A.
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<treatmentCitation id="0B14F329FF8EEC47FC58B38A0AEE528C" author="Lana, P. C. & Santos, C. S. G. & Garraffoni, A. R. S. & Oliveira, V. M. & Radashevsky, V. I." box="[991,1202,150,175]" page="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FC58B38A0AEE528C" author="Lana, P. C. & Santos, C. S. G. & Garraffoni, A. R. S. & Oliveira, V. M. & Radashevsky, V. I." box="[991,1202,150,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="30 - 63" refId="ref17613" refString="Lana, P. C., Santos, C. S. G., Garraffoni, A. R. S., Oliveira, V. M. & Radashevsky, V. I. (2006) Checklist of polychaete species from Parana State (Southern Brazil). Check List, 2 (3), 30 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 2.3.30" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Lana
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||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FB9EB38A0A12528D" box="[1049,1102,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2006: 50
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FB3AB38A0BC1528D" author="Junqueira, A. O. R. & Tavares, M. D. S. & Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. & Radashevsky, V. I. & Cirelli, J. O. & Julio, L. M. & Romagnoli, F. C. & dos Santos, K. C. & Ferreira-Silva, M. A. G." box="[1213,1437,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="145 - 371" refId="ref17208" refString="Junqueira, A. O. R., Tavares, M. D. S., Schaeffer-Novelli, Y., Radashevsky, V. I., Cirelli, J. O., Julio, L. M., Romagnoli, F. C., dos Santos, K. C. & Ferreira-Silva, M. A. G. (2009) Capitulo 6 - Zoobentos. In: Lopes, R. M. (Ed.), Informe sobre as especies exoticas invasoras marinhas no Brasil. MMA / SBF, Brasilia, pp. 145 - 371." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Junqueira
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FAA0B38A0B00528D" box="[1319,1372,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009:
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
209–212, textfig.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FE07B3A70C8B52F0" author="Moshchenko, A. V. & Belan, T. A." box="[384,727,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="264 - 285" refId="ref17833" refString="Moshchenko, A. V. & Belan, T. A. (2010) Polychaete in the northern Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea): taxocenes composition, structure and distribution. Izvestia (Bulletin of) TINRO, 163, 264 - 285. [in Russian with English Summary]." type="journal article" year="2010">Moshchenko & Belan 2010: 275</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FD64B3A70A5852F0" author="Zvyagintsev, A. Y. & Radashevsky, V. I. & Ivin, V. V. & Kashin, I. A. & Gorodkov, A. N." box="[739,1028,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref21166" refString="Zvyagintsev, A. Y., Radashevsky, V. I., Ivin, V. V., Kashin, I. A. & Gorodkov, A. N. (2011) Nonindigenous species in the Far-Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2 (2 - 3), 164 - 182. [in Russian with English Summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 2075111711030210" type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Zvyagintsev
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FCEEB3A60DC252F0" box="[873,926,186,210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 53
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FB97B3A70B4352F0" author="Bogantes, V. E. & Boyle, M. J. & Halanych, K. M." box="[1040,1311,186,210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="577 - 588" refId="ref15730" refString="Bogantes, V. E., Boyle, M. J. & Halanych, K. M. (2021) New reports on Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the East Coast of Florida, including the non-native species P. paucibranchiata. BioInvasions Records, 10 (3), 577 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.3.07" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Bogantes
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FBF0B3A60AF152F0" box="[1143,1197,186,210]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021: 581
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2A, B.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FF40B3C00C6F52D7" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Al-Kandari, M. & Malyar, V. V. & Pankova, V. V." box="[199,563,221,245]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="120 - 168" refId="ref18654" refString="Radashevsky, V. I., Al-Kandari, M., Malyar, V. V. & Pankova, V. V. (2021 a) Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. European Journal of Taxonomy, 773 (1), 120 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.773.1519" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Radashevsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FED4B3C30FDB52D7" box="[339,391,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021a: 128–130
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B3E10D4C5336" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,337]" box="[151,784,252,276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8EEC47FF10B3E10F275336" box="[151,379,252,276]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF10B3E10F615336" box="[151,317,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FE02B3E10CE65336" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Migotto, A. E." box="[389,698,252,276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="335 - 340" refId="ref18997" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. & Migotto, A. E. (2006) Photoreceptive organs in larvae of Spionidae (Annelida) and Sipuncula. Journal of Zoology, London, 268 (4), 335 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.2006.00092. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Radashevsky & Migotto 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B2060A535310" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,337]" box="[151,1039,282,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8EEC47FF43B2070F9C5310" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[196,448,282,306]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF43B2070F9C5310" box="[196,448,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FE4BB2070CFC5310" author="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W. & Nishitani, G. & Endo, Y." box="[460,672,282,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15097" refString="Abe, H., Sato-Okoshi, W., Nishitani, G. & Endo, Y. (2014) Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 71, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2014.71.01" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Abe
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FE7AB2060C6C5310" box="[509,560,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: 3−5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FD2CB2070D1B5310" author="Abe, H. & Kondoh, T. & Sato-Okoshi, W." box="[683,839,282,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="650 - 658" refId="ref14986" refString="Abe, H., Kondoh, T. & Sato-Okoshi, W. (2016) First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science, Tokyo, 33 (6), 650 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 160082" type="journal article" year="2016">2016: 654−656</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3; 2019: 6−11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B2270ACD5373" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,337]" box="[151,1169,313,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8EEC47FF43B2240FB45373" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[196,488,313,337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF43B2240F365373" box="[196,362,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Pseudopolydora</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FE1FB2240FB45373" box="[408,488,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF8EEC47FE73B2240D1B5373" author="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W." box="[500,839,313,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref15048" refString="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W. (2021) Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. Zookeys, 1015, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1015.54387" type="journal article" year="2021">Abe & Sato-Okoshi 2021: 56−57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9A, B (larval morphology).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF8EEC47FF10B2620A495107" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B2620A6E53C3" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF10B2620F9F53BB" bold="true" box="[151,451,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Type material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FE4CB2620CA653BB" box="[459,762,383,409]" collectorName="Co. & South" country="Taiwan" location="Tainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tainan">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FE4CB2620C7D53BB" box="[459,545,383,409]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF8EEC47FDAAB2620C2553BB" box="[557,633,383,409]" country="Taiwan" name="Tainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Tainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="2740B0EEFF8EEC47FD05B2620CF053BB" box="[642,684,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Co.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2740B0EEFF8EEC47FD3EB2620CA653BB" box="[697,762,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">South</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FC84B2620DAC539F" collectingDate="1994-10-18" collectionCode="ASIZ" collectorName="Hsieh H. - L." country="China" elevation="2" latitude="23.067" location="Tsengwen River" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="120.083" municipality="Sea" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="W-121" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FC84B2620D1A53BB" box="[771,838,383,409]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A6E4F42FF8EEC47FCC8B2620D2653BB" box="[847,890,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF8EEC47FC00B29D0A6353BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF8EEC47FC00B29D0A6353BB" box="[903,1087,383,410]" country="China" latitude="23.067" longLatPrecision="75" longitude="120.083" municipality="Sea" name="Tsengwen River" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Tsengwen River</location>
|
||
estuary,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EF81B3FFFF8EEC47FB20B2620B4F53BB" box="[1191,1299,383,409]" degrees="23.067" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" precision="55" value="23.067">23.067ºN</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EF81B3FFFF8EEC47FAA7B2620BC453BB" box="[1312,1432,383,409]" degrees="120.083" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" precision="55" value="120.083">120.083ºE</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, <
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF8EEC47FF20B2BE0E84539C" box="[167,216,419,446]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0198320BFF8EEC47FF20B2BE0E84539C" box="[167,216,419,446]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, mud, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="2740B0EEFF8EEC47FEEFB2BE0FAF539C" box="[360,499,419,446]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Hsieh H.-L.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE0BF3F8FF8EEC47FD84B2BE0C96539F" box="[515,714,419,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" value="1994-10-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EE4F0A10FF8EEC47FD84B2BE0C96539F" box="[515,714,419,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" value="1994-10-18">18 October 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FD50B2BE0D49539F" box="[727,789,419,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">ASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA137D43FF8EEC47FCA7B2BE0D30539F" box="[800,876,419,445]" collectionCode="W-" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">W-121</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="550E6B9AFF8EEC47FCF8B2BE0DB4539F" box="[895,1000,419,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FC7BB2BE0A93539F" box="[1020,1231,419,445]" collectionCode="ASIZ" country="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="W-113-120" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FC7BB2BE0A66539F" box="[1020,1082,419,445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">ASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA137D43FF8EEC47FBC2B2BE0A96539F" box="[1093,1226,419,445]" collectionCode="W-" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">W-113–120</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FB5DB2BE0A7353C3" collectionCode="W, IBMV, USNM" country="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="W-122-143, IBMV 3401, USNM 186524-186526" specimenCount="1269" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA137D43FF8EEC47FB5DB2BE0B02539F" box="[1242,1374,419,445]" collectionCode="W-" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">W-122–143</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9CB31EB1FF8EEC47FAF6B2BE0F5453C3" count="676" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">676 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA137D43FF8EEC47FE9CB2D50FFE53C3" box="[283,418,455,482]" collectionCode="IBMV" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">IBMV 3401</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9CB31EB1FF8EEC47FE36B2DA0C0953C3" box="[433,597,455,482]" count="135" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">135 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DA137D43FF8EEC47FDE0B2DA0D2953C0" box="[615,885,455,482]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="Museum">USNM 186524–186526</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9CB31EB1FF8EEC47FC03B2DA0A7B53C3" box="[900,1063,455,482]" count="458" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">458 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B2F60FB4500B" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF40B2F60C5F5027" bold="true" box="[199,515,491,517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FD8AB2F60DCE5027" box="[525,914,491,518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FD8AB2F60C085027" box="[525,596,491,517]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF8EEC47FDE4B2F60CE85027" box="[611,692,491,517]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FD46B2F10D535024" box="[705,783,492,518]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40945 (1);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FC1AB2F60AF65027" box="[925,1194,491,517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FC1AB2F60DA55027" box="[925,1017,491,517]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
237, 240 (23);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FB33B2F10B345027" box="[1204,1384,491,518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FB33B2F10AB85024" box="[1204,1252,492,518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">VIR</collectionCode>
|
||
19358 (1);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FAF5B2F60FB4500B" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF8EEC47FAF5B2F60E87500B" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FF61B1120F1E500B" box="[230,322,527,553]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
236, 239 (27).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B12E0CCF506F" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,659,563,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B12E0CCF506F" box="[199,659,563,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B12E0F40506F" box="[199,284,563,589]" name="Kuwait" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Arabian Gulf:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FE4EB1290C4B506C" box="[457,535,564,590]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40934 (2).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B14A0C905053" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,716,599,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B14A0C905053" box="[199,716,599,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B14A0F1A5053" box="[199,326,599,625]" name="Martinique" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean Sea:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FD84B1450C0D5050" box="[515,593,600,626]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40944 (7).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B1660DA450B7" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,1016,635,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B1660D3E50B7" box="[199,866,635,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B1660F4950B7" box="[199,277,635,661]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sea of Japan:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FE3BB1610C5650B4" box="[444,522,636,662]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
4015 (4), 4016 (1), 40935 (1);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FCEFB1610DA450B7" box="[872,1016,635,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FCEFB1610DC450B4" box="[872,920,636,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">VIR</collectionCode>
|
||
700 (1).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B1820CA0509B" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,764,671,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B1820CA0509B" box="[199,764,671,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B1820F0B5098" box="[199,343,671,698]" name="South Korea" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, East Sea:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FE57B1BD0C425098" box="[464,542,672,698]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40936–40943 (14).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B1DE0C9450FF" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,712,707,734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B1DE0C9450FF" box="[199,712,707,734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B1DE0F4050FF" box="[199,284,707,733]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South China Sea:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FE76B1D90C6350FC" box="[497,575,708,734]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40923 (29).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B1FA0A3E5123" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,1122,743,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FF40B1FA0D685123" box="[199,820,743,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF8EEC47FF40B1FA0F755123" box="[199,297,743,769]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Nha Trang Bay:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FE69B1F50C605120" box="[494,572,744,770]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">MIMB</collectionCode>
|
||
40946 (1), 42751 (1);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ADDDF65FF8EEC47FCBDB1F50A3E5123" box="[826,1122,743,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ECA44DFDFF8EEC47FCBDB1F50D365120" box="[826,874,744,770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">VIR</collectionCode>
|
||
13861 (2), 25357 (2).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B0160A495107" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" box="[199,1045,779,805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Full information about the samples is given in the Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C737E083FF8EEC47FC2CB0160A535107" box="[939,1039,779,805]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Taxa, sampling location data, museum registration numbers of voucher specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences of Pseudopolydora spp. used in the analysis. New sequences obtained in the present study are given in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DECA85B0FF8AEC43FF10B38A0B4C52F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" tableUuid="DECA85B0FF8AEC43FF10B38A0B4C52F3">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF8EEC47FF40B0320DD257AB" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF40B0320DD257AB" blockId="7.[151,1437,383,1418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF40B0320C43516B" bold="true" box="[199,543,815,841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Adult diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults up to
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF8EEC47FD45B0320D495168" box="[706,789,815,842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF8EEC47FCE6B0320DE75168" box="[865,955,815,842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide for 95 chaetigers. Paired transverse bands of black pigment on dorsal and ventral sides of 10−16 anterior chaetigers; small median dorsal melanophores from chaetigers 3–6 to chaetigers 10–16 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FDF0B06A0CA951B3" box="[631,757,887,913]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1327,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-405@6.[189,1398,1327,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudopolydora achaeta adult morphology. A, B, anterior ends, dorsal view. C, D, anterior end, left lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, D = 200 µm; C = 500 µm. A, Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (MIMB 40946). B, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil (MIMB 40945). C, D—Florida, USA (VIR 24579, photos by Michael Scott Jones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209879/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prostomium anteriorly weakly incised, notched or almost blunt, posteriorly extending to end of chaetiger 2 as a low caruncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FC1EB0860DAF5197" box="[921,1011,923,949]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@11.[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora spp. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (A) and P. rosebelae (C). Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (B) and P. rosebelae (D). Correlation coefficients (r) and equations (y) for the distribution of branchiae and the total number of chaetigers are presented in the corresponding graphs. All correlations are significant (P <0.05)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral lips of peristomium forming conspicuous transverse fold along midline of ventral and lateral sides of head. Occipital antenna present. Two pairs of black eyes usually present. Chaetiger 1 reduced, weakly separated from peristomium, without notochaetae, with short fine capillaries in neuropodia; small notopodial and well developed neuropodial lamellae present. Chaetiger 4 with anterior-row notochaetae of intermediate shape between winged capillaries of chaetiger 3 and pennoned spines of chaetiger 5; posterior-row notochaetae slender capillaries, same as on chaetiger 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FBD7B7520AF6564B" box="[1104,1194,1103,1129]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora achaeta. A, chaetigers 3–6, left lateral view. B, posterior-row falcate spines from notopodium of chaetiger 5. C, hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 8. Abbreviations: ch3, ch4—chaetigers 3 and 4. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm; C = 10 µm. A–C—Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (SEM, VIR 700)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209881/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chaetiger 5 same in size as chaetigers 4 or 6, with postchaetal lamellae in both rami; dorsal superior and ventral capillaries same in size and number as those chaetae on chaetigers 4 or 6; two kinds of heavy spines in notopodia arranged in a straight or slightly curved vertical double row: anterior-row spines pennoned, with curved pointed tip; posterior-row spines simple falcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FEC2B7C20FC256DB" box="[325,414,1247,1273]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora achaeta. A, chaetigers 3–6, left lateral view. B, posterior-row falcate spines from notopodium of chaetiger 5. C, hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 8. Abbreviations: ch3, ch4—chaetigers 3 and 4. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm; C = 10 µm. A–C—Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (SEM, VIR 700)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209881/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior notopodia with only slender capillaries. Bidentate hooded hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF8EEC47FE2EB61E0FB8573F" box="[425,484,1283,1309]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
a series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FDD4B61E0CF2573F" box="[595,686,1283,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[189,1398,1441,1883]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora achaeta. A, chaetigers 3–6, left lateral view. B, posterior-row falcate spines from notopodium of chaetiger 5. C, hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 8. Abbreviations: ch3, ch4—chaetigers 3 and 4. Scale bars: A = 30 µm; B = 5 µm; C = 10 µm. A–C—Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (SEM, VIR 700)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209881/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Branchiae from chaetiger 7, up to 15 pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF8EEC47FB3AB61E0B45573F" box="[1213,1305,1283,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@11.[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora spp. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (A) and P. rosebelae (C). Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (B) and P. rosebelae (D). Correlation coefficients (r) and equations (y) for the distribution of branchiae and the total number of chaetigers are presented in the corresponding graphs. All correlations are significant (P <0.05)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209891/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidium flaring disc with wide dorsal gap and one pair of dorso-lateral processes. Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetiger 1, largest and double in each neuropodium in chaetigers 6 and 7, single in other neuropodia. Digestive tract without gizzard-like structure. Nephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DECA85B0FF8EEC47FF10B46E0B6C55F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209881/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" startId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" targetBox="[189,1398,1441,1883]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF8EEC47FF10B46E0B6C55F1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1907,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FF10B46E0F4F55A9" bold="true" box="[151,275,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF8EEC47FE72B46E0CAD55A9" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[501,753,1907,1931]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="7" pageNumber="220" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FE72B46E0CAD55A9" box="[501,753,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FD79B46E0D4C55A9" bold="true" box="[766,784,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">A</emphasis>
|
||
, chaetigers 3–6, left lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FBE1B46E0A2B55A9" bold="true" box="[1126,1143,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">B</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior-row falcate spines from notopodium of chaetiger 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FE63B48A0FAA558D" bold="true" box="[484,502,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">C</emphasis>
|
||
, hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 8. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FB0DB48A0AF3558D" box="[1162,1199,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">ch3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FB3CB48A0A83558D" box="[1211,1247,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">ch4</emphasis>
|
||
—chaetigers 3 and 4. Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FEA2B4A60F6B55F1" bold="true" box="[293,311,1979,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">A</emphasis>
|
||
= 30 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FE25B4A60FEF55F1" bold="true" box="[418,435,1979,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">B</emphasis>
|
||
= 5 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FD97B4A60C7E55F1" bold="true" box="[528,546,1979,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">C</emphasis>
|
||
= 10 µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF8EEC47FD0BB4A60CE155F1" bold="true" box="[652,701,1979,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="220">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
—Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, Russia (SEM, VIR 700).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF81EC49FF40B38B0CE35187" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF40B38B0DD052DB" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF40B38B0F765292" bold="true" box="[199,298,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF81EC48FEF3B38A0FB45293" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[372,488,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FEF3B38A0FB45293" box="[372,488,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in silty tubes in muddy sand intertidally and in shallow water. The tubes are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FF10B3A60EBA52F7" box="[151,230,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FEACB3A60F3052F7" box="[299,364,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and protrude above the sediment up to
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FCE0B3A70DF652F7" box="[871,938,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The population density in some local places (for example, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF81EC48FED6B3C20FF052DB" box="[337,428,223,249]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
|
||
reaches thousands of individuals per
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FCD5B3C20D2152DB" box="[850,893,223,249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7DC07870FF81EC48FCFAB3C30DD952CE" attach="left" box="[893,901,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">2</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF40B21F0DD353AB" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF40B21F0F2F533E" bold="true" box="[199,371,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF81EC48FEFEB21E0CCC533F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[377,656,259,285]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FEFEB21E0CCC533F" box="[377,656,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dioecious. Both females and males become mature after growing to about
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FF5BB23A0F775363" box="[220,299,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with 50–60 chaetigers. Of 60 examined mature individuals, 27 were females and 33 were males. Gametes develop from chaetigers 18–20 (usually from chaetiger 19) to chaetigers 36−53 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF81EC48FB02B2560A825347" box="[1157,1246,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@11.[158,1430,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Adult characteristics of Pseudopolydora spp. Relationships between caruncle length (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers, and between distribution of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (A) and P. rosebelae (C). Relationships between distribution of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetigers with gametes) and total number of chaetigers in P. achaeta (B) and P. rosebelae (D). Correlation coefficients (r) and equations (y) for the distribution of branchiae and the total number of chaetigers are presented in the corresponding graphs. All correlations are significant (P <0.05)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209891/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired testes or ovaries are attached to segmental blood vessels in fertile chaetigers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF40B28E0A03501F" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF40B28E0FE8538F" bold="true" box="[199,436,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Larval morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FE3EB28E0C57538F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FE3EB28E0C57538F" box="[441,523,403,429]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Pelagic" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Pelagic</location>
|
||
larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF81EC48FDF0B28E0CB6538F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[631,746,403,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FDF0B28E0CB6538F" box="[631,746,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FC1BB28E0DAC538F" box="[924,1008,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with 25 chaetigers were collected from
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FF54B2AA0F2753F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FF54B2AA0F2753F3" box="[211,379,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Paranagua Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Paranaguá Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF81EC48FE0EB2AA0F8653F3" box="[393,474,439,465]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FE64B2AA0C7053F3" box="[483,556,439,465]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FDB9B2AA0D6053F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FDB9B2AA0D6053F3" box="[574,828,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Sao Sebastiao Channel" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">São Sebastião Channel</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF81EC48FCCDB2AA0DE253F3" box="[842,958,439,465]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FC4FB2AA0A4D53F3" box="[968,1041,439,465]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FBA5B2AA0A0053F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FBA5B2AA0A0053F3" box="[1058,1116,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Peter" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Peter</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FB0DB2AA0AA753F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FB0DB2AA0AA753F3" box="[1162,1275,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Great Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Great Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FA8FB2AA0B6E53F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FA8FB2AA0B6E53F3" box="[1288,1330,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Sea" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Sea</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FAD2B2AA0BC453F3" box="[1365,1432,439,465]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FF10B2C60EBA53D7" box="[151,230,475,501]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FEEDB2C60C4453D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FEEDB2C60C4453D7" box="[362,536,475,501]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Nha Trang Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Nha Trang Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FDAEB2C60C3053D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FDAEB2C60C3053D7" box="[553,620,475,501]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="South" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">South</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FDF3B2C60CEB53D7" box="[628,695,475,501]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FD47B2C60CB753D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FD47B2C60CB753D7" box="[704,747,475,501]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Sea" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF81EC48FD70B2C60D0753D7" box="[759,859,475,501]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FCE9B2C60DC653D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FCE9B2C60DC653D7" box="[878,922,475,501]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">The</location>
|
||
larvae from different regions were similar to each other.
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FE92B2E20F1D503B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FE92B2E20F1D503B" box="[277,321,511,537]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">The</location>
|
||
smallest newly settled juvenile from
|
||
<location id="8F6A83E3FF81EC48FD67B2E20DD4503B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:021C642EFF8FEC49FF10B7C40FCF559B:8F6A83E3FF81EC48FD67B2E20DD4503B" box="[736,904,511,537]" country="Brazil" county="Nha Trang Bay" municipality="The" name="Paranagua Bay" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" stateProvince="Parana">Paranaguá Bay</location>
|
||
was about 600 µm long with 16 chaetigers.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6A6E4F42FF81EC48FAF6B2E20BC1503B" box="[1393,1437,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
larva described below and illustrated was collected from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="636BADB4FF81EC48FC91B13E0D9D501F" box="[790,961,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Nha Trang Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FE0BF3F8FF81EC48FC62B13E0A00501F" box="[997,1116,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" value="2022-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EE4F0A10FF81EC48FC62B13E0A00501F" box="[997,1116,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" value="2022-05">May 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF40B15A0D1D50D3" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF40B15A0FDB5043" box="[199,391,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">The 20-chaetiger</emphasis>
|
||
larva about
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF81EC48FD94B15A0C355043" box="[531,617,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF81EC48FD36B15A0D725043" box="[689,814,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,777,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-299@8.[189,1398,777,1613]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudopolydora achaeta larval morphology. A–D, 20-chaetiger larva from plankton: A, dorsal view, in transmitted light; B, same, ventral view; C, dorsal view, in reflected light; D, same, ventral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm. Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (in life, VIR 25357)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Fig. 4A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Yellow pigment present on prostomium, in lateral lips of peristomium, on dorsal and ventral sides of chaetigers, and on ventral side of pygidium. Small melanophores in lateral lips of peristomium. Large middorsal melanophore on chaetiger 1. Small paired dorsal melanophores and unpaired middorsal vesiculate melanophores from chaetiger 3 onwards. Dorso-lateral melanophores from chaetiger 4 to chaetigers 8–9. Lateral melanophores on chaetigers 2–6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DECA85B0FF81EC48FF10B5780FA454E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13209883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" startId="8.[151,250,1637,1661]" targetBox="[189,1398,777,1613]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF10B5780FA454E7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1637,1734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF10B5780F4E545F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1637,1661]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF81EC48FE9FB57B0C4F545C" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[280,531,1638,1662]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="8" pageNumber="221" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FE9FB57B0C4F545C" box="[280,531,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larval morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FD59B5780D4C545F" bold="true" box="[734,784,1637,1661]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
, 20-chaetiger larva from plankton:
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FBF3B5780ADA545F" bold="true" box="[1140,1158,1637,1661]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">A</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view, in transmitted light;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FF53B5970EB95480" bold="true" box="[212,229,1674,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">B</emphasis>
|
||
, same, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FE44B5940F895483" bold="true" box="[451,469,1673,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">C</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view, in reflected light;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FC99B5970D6C5480" bold="true" box="[798,816,1674,1698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">D</emphasis>
|
||
, same, ventral view. Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF81EC48FB04B5940AE85483" bold="true" box="[1155,1204,1673,1697]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
= 100 µm. Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam (in life, VIR 25357).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF81EC48FF40B4050A0D55C4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1816,2022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="221">Prostomium anteriorly wide, rounded, posteriorly extending to middle of chaetiger 1 as a low narrow caruncle. Occipital antenna not yet developed. Three pairs of black eyes present; lateral eyes situated close to one another and appearing as one pair. One pair of small indistinct unpigmented ocelli situated in front of lateral eyes. Nuchal organs oval ciliary patches posterior to eyes, on sides of caruncle on anterior part of chaetiger 1. Palps arising from postero-lateral edges of peristomium, posterior to prototroch, directed posteriorly and extending to chaetigers 7–8; longitudinal groove lined with numerous short motile cilia present on frontal surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B38A0F7A5363" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Long larval serrated bristles in all notopodia, those of chaetiger 1 longest, as long as 7–8 chaetigers; bristles absent in neuropodia. Short adult capillaries in notopodia from chaetiger 2 onwards, and in neuropodia of chaetigers 1–7. Bidentate hooded hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 8 onwards, not accompanied by capillaries. Chaetiger 5 as same as chaetiger 4 or 6; three pennoned spines and three falcate spines present among larval bristles in each notopodium.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B2560D5C501F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Proto- and telotroch well developed. Nototrochs and dorso-lateral grasping cilia from chaetiger 3 onwards. Neurotroch narrow, triangular, extending posteriorly over peristomial lip to end of chaetiger 1. Two pairs of small companion ciliated cells present on peristomial lip on sides of neurotroch. Ventral ciliated pit absent. Gastrotrochs on chaetigers 3, 5, 7, 12 and 16. Gastrotroch on chaetigers 3 composed of one pair of small oval cells situated close to midline and oriented almost parallel to body axis; that on chaetiger 5 of four pairs of large transversally elongated cells with long cilia; on chaetiger 7 of three pairs of large transverse cells with long cilia; and on chaetigers 12 and 16 of two pairs of large transverse cells with long cilia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B15A0AD95043" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1157,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Branchiae short buds on chaetigers 7 and 8. Pygidium small, with middorsal incision.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B1760FBC508B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Glandular pouches in neuropodia from chaetiger 1, largest and double in each neuropodium in chaetigers 6 and 7, single in other neuropodia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B1AE0CE35187" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Large lateral lips of peristomium lined with numerous short cilia, sparsely scattered long compound motile cirri and forming voluminous vestibulum. Ventral peristomial lip triangular, extending over first chaetiger. Digestive tract transparent, without particular pigment. Narrow esophagus extending to end of chaetiger 4. Numerous lipid globules, each up to 10 µm in diameter, present in wall of voluminous midgut. Ventral buccal bulb and gizzard-like structure absent. Circulatory system fully developed and functional; wall of main dorsal blood vessel contracting, pumping blood in anterior direction. Blood without colored pigment. Two pairs of protonephridia in chaetigers 1 and 2. Adult nephridia from chaetiger 4 onwards.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF80EC49FF40B0B20D015553" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B0B20CD456CB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FF40B0B20F6751EB" bold="true" box="[199,315,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FEC5B0B20C0551EB" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[322,601,943,969]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FEC5B0B20C0551EB" box="[322,601,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Pseudopolydora achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the mouth of Tsengwen River (South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FADEB0B20BC051EB" box="[1369,1436,943,969]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FF48B0CE0F7951CF" box="[207,293,979,1005]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF80EC49FEB5B0CE0F2A51CF" box="[306,374,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,844,868]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,820]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[164,1423,181,820]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map showing records of Pseudopolydora achaeta (see Table S1). Red star—type locality: Tsengwen River estuary, Tainan Co., Taiwan; green triangles—specimens sequenced in the present and earlier studies; yellow circles—adults identified based on the morphology only." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209887/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) as a common polychaete inhabiting tubes in soft sediments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FBB9B0CE0BCC51CF" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L." box="[1086,1424,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="218 - 235" refId="ref18761" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L. (2000 b) Pseudopolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) species from Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 39 (3), 218 - 235." type="journal article" year="2000">Radashevsky & Hsieh 2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, this species has been reported from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF80EC49FD26B0EA0CB15633" box="[673,749,1015,1041]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF80EC49FCA6B0EA0DCD5633" box="[801,913,1015,1041]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FC19B0EA0DB95633" box="[926,997,1015,1041]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FC7DB0EA0AEE5633" author="Lana, P. C. & Santos, C. S. G. & Garraffoni, A. R. S. & Oliveira, V. M. & Radashevsky, V. I." box="[1018,1202,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="30 - 63" refId="ref17613" refString="Lana, P. C., Santos, C. S. G., Garraffoni, A. R. S., Oliveira, V. M. & Radashevsky, V. I. (2006) Checklist of polychaete species from Parana State (Southern Brazil). Check List, 2 (3), 30 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 2.3.30" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Lana
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FBBDB0EA0A2D5633" box="[1082,1137,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Peter the Great Bay (Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FF6BB7060F735617" box="[236,303,1051,1077]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FEBEB7060FD95617" box="[313,389,1051,1077]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FE1CB7060C8F5617" author="Moshchenko, A. V. & Belan, T. A." box="[411,723,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="264 - 285" refId="ref17833" refString="Moshchenko, A. V. & Belan, T. A. (2010) Polychaete in the northern Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea): taxocenes composition, structure and distribution. Izvestia (Bulletin of) TINRO, 163, 264 - 285. [in Russian with English Summary]." type="journal article" year="2010">Moshchenko & Belan 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FD5BB7060DB95617" author="Zvyagintsev, A. Y. & Radashevsky, V. I. & Ivin, V. V. & Kashin, I. A. & Gorodkov, A. N." box="[732,997,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref21166" refString="Zvyagintsev, A. Y., Radashevsky, V. I., Ivin, V. V., Kashin, I. A. & Gorodkov, A. N. (2011) Nonindigenous species in the Far-Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2 (2 - 3), 164 - 182. [in Russian with English Summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 2075111711030210" type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Zvyagintsev
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FCEAB7060DF85617" box="[877,932,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="48711BDAFF80EC49FC70B7060A145617" box="[1015,1096,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FBD1B7060ACD5617" box="[1110,1169,1051,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FB20B7060BCC5617" author="Bogantes, V. E. & Boyle, M. J. & Halanych, K. M." box="[1191,1424,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="577 - 588" refId="ref15730" refString="Bogantes, V. E., Boyle, M. J. & Halanych, K. M. (2021) New reports on Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the East Coast of Florida, including the non-native species P. paucibranchiata. BioInvasions Records, 10 (3), 577 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / bir. 2021.10.3.07" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Bogantes
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FA90B7060B125617" box="[1303,1358,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Arabian Gulf (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FE10B7220FB1567B" box="[407,493,1087,1113]" name="Kuwait" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FD82B7220D72567B" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Al-Kandari, M. & Malyar, V. V. & Pankova, V. V." box="[517,814,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="120 - 168" refId="ref18654" refString="Radashevsky, V. I., Al-Kandari, M., Malyar, V. V. & Pankova, V. V. (2021 a) Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. European Journal of Taxonomy, 773 (1), 120 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.773.1519" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Radashevsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FD24B7220C81567B" box="[675,733,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here, for the first time, based on molecular data (see above), we report it for the Caribbean Sea (Martinique) and Nha Trang Bay (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FC7BB77E0A3E565F" box="[1020,1122,1123,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Based on the morphology, we also report this species for the first time for the East Sea (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FCCFB79A0D855683" box="[840,985,1159,1185]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and provide new records for the north-western part of the Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FE4EB7B60C5556E7" box="[457,521,1195,1221]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FD9DB7B60C3756E7" box="[538,619,1195,1221]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Some details of the reproductive biology and larval morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FA0FB7B60EAC56CB" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FA0FB7B60EAC56CB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described here for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B7EE0D45542B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FF40B7EE0FDD572F" author="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W. & Nishitani, G. & Endo, Y." box="[199,385,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15097" refString="Abe, H., Sato-Okoshi, W., Nishitani, G. & Endo, Y. (2014) Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 71, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2014.71.01" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Abe
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FF7AB7EE0F6A572F" box="[253,310,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FE0AB7EE0F94572F" author="Abe, H. & Kondoh, T. & Sato-Okoshi, W." box="[397,456,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="650 - 658" refId="ref14986" refString="Abe, H., Kondoh, T. & Sato-Okoshi, W. (2016) First report of the morphology and rDNA sequences of two Pseudopolydora species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan. Zoological Science, Tokyo, 33 (6), 650 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 160082" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2019) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FDCDB7EE0D27572F" author="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W." box="[586,891,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref15048" refString="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W. (2021) Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. Zookeys, 1015, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1015.54387" type="journal article" year="2021">Abe & Sato-Okoshi (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FC6FB7EE0A00572F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[1000,1116,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FC6FB7EE0A00572F" box="[1000,1116,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FB14B7EE0B69572F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[1171,1333,1267,1293]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FB14B7EE0AF5572E" box="[1171,1193,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FB5BB7EE0B69572F" box="[1244,1333,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific side of Honshu (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FE23B60A0FB65713" box="[420,490,1303,1329]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). However, a comparison of the sequences provided by these authors with sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FF30B6260F715777" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[183,301,1339,1365]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FF30B6260F715777" box="[183,301,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FEF4B6260F995777" box="[371,453,1339,1365]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
obtained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FDDCB6260DCC5777" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Malyar, V. V. & Pankova, V. V. & Gambi, M. C. & Giangrande, A. & Keppel, E. & Nygren, A. & Al-Kandari, M. & Carlton, J. T." box="[603,912,1339,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="3621 - 3644" refId="ref18887" refString="Radashevsky, V. I., Malyar, V. V., Pankova, V. V., Gambi, M. C., Giangrande, A., Keppel, E., Nygren, A., Al-Kandari, M. & Carlton, J. T. (2020 a) Disentangling invasions in the sea: molecular analysis of a global polychaete species complex (Annelida: Spionidae: Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata). Biological Invasions, 22 (12), 3621 - 3644. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 020 - 02346 - x" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Radashevsky
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FD70B6260D6D5777" box="[759,817,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that they are not conspecific (
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF80EC49FACFB6260BD75777" box="[1352,1419,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1156,1180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,179,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1435,179,1130]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian inference analysis of the combined COI (604 bp), 16S (258 bp), 18S (1652 bp), 28S (293 bp), and Histone 3 (307 bp) sequences (3114 bp in total) of Pseudopolydora spp. rooted with sequences of Pseudopolydora dayi Simon, 2009. Posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The numbers preceding collecting locations are unique numbers from the VIR database linking the individuals on the tree with the sampling data in Table 1 and Supplement Tables S1–S4; numbers of individuals are separated from sample numbers by dots. Colored labels showing not apomorphies but merely characters shared by members of the corresponding clades." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FE97B6420FEB575B" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[272,439,1375,1401]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FE97B6420F79575A" box="[272,293,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FED9B6420FEB575B" box="[350,439,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Honshu, briefly described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FB85B6420B6A575B" author="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W." box="[1026,1334,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref15048" refString="Abe, H. & Sato-Okoshi, W. (2021) Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. Zookeys, 1015, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1015.54387" type="journal article" year="2021">Abe & Sato-Okoshi (2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9A, B), are similar to larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FE57B69E0C1A57BF" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[464,582,1411,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FE57B69E0C1A57BF" box="[464,582,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FD0AB69E0C8357BF" box="[653,735,1411,1437]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FC9EB69E0D2457BF" box="[793,888,1411,1437]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
in general outline, arrangement of gastrotrochs, presence of small paired melanophores on the dorsal side of chaetigers, and a middorsal row of characteristic vesiculate melanophores. However, they differ in the arrangement of these melanophores, beginning from different chaetigers in Japanese and Taiwanese/Vietnamese larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B50E0D015553" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FE94B50E0FD1540F" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[275,397,1555,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FE94B50E0FD1540F" box="[275,397,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique among congeners in their specific pigmentation pattern, arrangement of the notopodial spines of chaetiger
|
||
<quantity id="4D4D78DDFF80EC49FE71B52B0C7F5473" box="[502,547,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
an almost straight vertical row instead of J- or U-shaped rows, and relatively well-developed lateral peristomial lips. These lips are well developed in the larvae of all spionids, but are usually reduced, retracted, and transformed into narrow lateral folds of the foregut during settlement and metamorphosis. The ventral peristomial lip of the larvae, on the contrary, enlarges during metamorphosis and forms the entire peristomium in adults of most spionids. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FDFBB5DA0CAE54C3" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[636,754,1735,1761]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FDFBB5DA0CAE54C3" box="[636,754,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the large lateral lips of the larvae are only partially reduced during metamorphosis; therefore, in adults of this species, they make up a great part of the peristomium (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FF10B4120FAB550B" author="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L." box="[151,503,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="218 - 235" refId="ref18761" refString="Radashevsky, V. I. & Hsieh, H. L. (2000 b) Pseudopolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) species from Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 39 (3), 218 - 235." type="journal article" year="2000">Radashevsky and Hsieh 2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4B, C). Similar body pigmentation and the shape of the peristomium are also present in the adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FE33B42E0A40556F" authority="Blake & Kudenov, 1978" authorityName="Blake & Kudenov" authorityYear="1978" box="[436,1052,1843,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FE33B42E0CAF556F" box="[436,755,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Pseudopolydora glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE24A8C9FF80EC49FD78B42E0A40556F" author="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D." box="[767,1052,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" pagination="171 - 280" refId="ref15668" refString="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1978.39.11" type="journal article" year="1978">Blake & Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2A295A8FF80EC49FBEFB42E0A8E556F" box="[1128,1234,1843,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The relationship between these two species should be explored in a future study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2AF86B3FF80EC49FF40B4670FCF559B" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A0AD538FF80EC49FF40B4670FCF559B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FF40B4670F3D55B6" bold="true" box="[199,353,1914,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Complete information on earlier and new records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DB5AEBBFF80EC49FC31B4660A7755B7" authorityName="Radashevsky & Hsieh" authorityYear="2000" box="[950,1067,1915,1941]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="achaeta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C1092AFF80EC49FC31B4660A7755B7" box="[950,1067,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">P. achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is given in Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C737E083FF80EC49FAD9B4660EE8559B" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Taxa, sampling location data, museum registration numbers of voucher specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences of Pseudopolydora spp. used in the analysis. New sequences obtained in the present study are given in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DECA85B0FF8AEC43FF10B38A0B4C52F3" pageId="9" pageNumber="222" tableUuid="DECA85B0FF8AEC43FF10B38A0B4C52F3">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
(mapped in
|
||
<figureCitation id="128EC9BDFF80EC49FEC5B4820FD9559B" box="[322,389,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,844,868]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,820]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[164,1423,181,820]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map showing records of Pseudopolydora achaeta (see Table S1). Red star—type locality: Tsengwen River estuary, Tainan Co., Taiwan; green triangles—specimens sequenced in the present and earlier studies; yellow circles—adults identified based on the morphology only." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13209887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13209887/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |