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<document id="9EE082E73BB9D1BDE9FD835D6A59BC92" ID-CLB-Dataset="7069" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4964.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c36b481b-c2c3-4f7c-b5b9-614607673bb8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4709585" ID-ZooBank="7E356498-C414-4B75-A3E5-5E9E85291BBB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619084503392" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soutullo, Patricia, Cuadrado, Daniel &amp; Noreña, Carolina" docDate="2021" docId="AE2487EA9A6AC429929C5366432E12E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4964.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraplanocera angeli Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="521DFF929A6FC42F920B550E42661601" masterDocTitle="First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="381" masterPageNumber="363" pageNumber="368" updateTime="1698937394851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E2470F284572E14B0DC223B6F4BED5FB">First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B663FCF933B55344F7C9ACA8D00E9F7">Soutullo, Patricia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1EF0716594D3F00BC46A9405F462004" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9691-0038</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DDB89391D735E6AAF48C3CD3B40C639E">Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. Patricia Soutullo: patriciasoutullo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9691 - 0038</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="325BDD86A0C4F473BFF054362D042A31" type="email">patriciasoutullo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="222510E536D23AA3F14DEE6467A6EAF3">Cuadrado, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B9CB196950A1DEE95AF78DD1F60D1A82" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9691-0038</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4581A0070693409E356869793F80913F">Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. Patricia Soutullo: patriciasoutullo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9691 - 0038</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7BCEC4F03BF5DBDDA3CE69931479D911" type="email">patriciasoutullo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="14261D0CBD4F3689CBEFE63D695DE15D">
<mods:roleTerm id="1C8DB45D0629209429C0B2A61EBF90A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="34D491AB71994F0E9D23B6C593DE71F6">Noreña, Carolina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC5BCA8E014E4053A2635879C0C4AD89" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9691-0038</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="41E1A8140C15293C1DA5C6EF90A2F191">Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. Patricia Soutullo: patriciasoutullo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9691 - 0038</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2806BF2C04B36A30EA9EB436EAA171EF" type="email">patriciasoutullo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="A3A21D62AE43B1FD7319BDA4881AF834">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A6C69CE1D4370B3AFFE88D1DB3EE5796">
<mods:date id="17D7438F6AE2B37A8D5799CA81571783">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F2D8BDEE163211D37B3B42BF75EEA606">2021-04-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AE2487EA9A6AC429929C5366432E12E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4741027" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181875248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4741027" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE2487EA9A6AC429929C5366432E12E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE2487EA9A6AC429929C5366432E12E8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A6AC42A929C536643801082" box="[151,486,1640,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A929C536643801082" blockId="5.[151,486,1640,1703]" box="[151,486,1640,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<heading id="7D7A81909A6AC42A929C536643801082" bold="true" box="[151,486,1640,1667]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" reason="1">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A929C536643801082" bold="true" box="[151,486,1640,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A6AC42A929C536643FB1082" ID-CoL="9GCSB" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,413,1640,1667]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A929C536643FB1082" bold="true" box="[151,413,1640,1667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Paraplanocera angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A6AC42A93AF536743801082" box="[420,486,1641,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A6AC42A929C5383428B10A6" box="[151,237,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="description">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A929C5383428B10A6" blockId="5.[151,486,1640,1703]" box="[151,237,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<heading id="7D7A81909A6AC42A929C5383428B10A6" bold="true" box="[151,237,1677,1703]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" reason="1">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A929C5383428B10A6" bold="true" box="[151,237,1677,1703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
(
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A6AC42A92945383428210A6" box="[159,228,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A6AC42A929C53DB40B1117E" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A929C53DB41461112" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A929C53DB431C10EE" bold="true" box="[151,378,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="96E53CA19A6AC42A938253DB428E1112" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107370306" collectionCode="AZAN" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
A specimen from the type locality and designated as
<typeStatus id="F936885E9A6AC42A91E953DB462E10EE" box="[994,1096,1749,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Sagittal sections stained with
<collectionCode id="409CAE399A6AC42A929C53F7428E1112" box="[151,232,1785,1811]" country="Azerbaijan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8pjg-xt4b" name="Akademia Nauk Azerbaijana-Bulgarian Academy of Science of Azerbaijan" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">AZAN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="96E53CA19A6AC42A92F853F743961115" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107370310" box="[243,496,1785,1812]" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" specimenCode="MNCN 4.01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
62 slides:
<specimenCode id="762B9E879A6AC42A936E53F743961115" box="[357,496,1785,1812]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="Museum">MNCN 4.01</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="96E53CA19A6AC42A93F353F740B91112" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107370304" box="[504,735,1785,1812]" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" specimenCode="MNCN 4.01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
2205 to
<specimenCode id="762B9E879A6AC42A905F53F740B91112" box="[596,735,1785,1811]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="Museum">MNCN 4.01</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
/2266
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A92CC52134095115A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<materialsCitation id="96E53CA19A6AC42A92CC52134095115A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107370301" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.292278" location="Playa Langosta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.85352" municipality="Las Baulas National Marine Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A92CC5213430A1136" bold="true" box="[199,364,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<typeStatus id="F936885E9A6AC42A92CC521343641136" box="[199,258,1821,1847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="235260279A6AC42A937D521340431139" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE2487EA9A6AC429929C5366432E12E8:235260279A6AC42A937D521340431139" box="[374,549,1821,1848]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="10.292278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.85352" municipality="Las Baulas National Marine Park" name="Playa Langosta" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Playa Langosta</location>
beach, in
<collectingMunicipality id="C656AC869A6AC42A90AB521046461136" box="[672,1056,1821,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Las Baulas National Marine Park</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingRegion id="E449F81E9A6AC42A9647521346B61136" box="[1100,1232,1821,1847]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5E9A766C9A6AC42A96D65213473B1136" box="[1245,1373,1821,1847]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="43B9503B9A6AC42A976052134373115A" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" precision="1" seconds="32.2" value="10.292278">10 ° 17’32.2 “N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="43B9503B9A6AC42A9317524F43BE115D" box="[284,472,1857,1884]" degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" precision="1" seconds="12.7" value="-85.85352">85 ° 51’12.7” W</geoCoordinate>
; 24, May, 2018 (
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A6AC42A909F524F408A115A" box="[660,748,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A92CC526B40B1117E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" box="[199,727,1893,1920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A92CC526B434A117E" bold="true" box="[199,300,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Habitat:</emphasis>
Low intertidal, below stones on sand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A6AC42A92CC5287405D11C6" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42A92CC5287405D11C6" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A92CC5287433411A2" bold="true" box="[199,338,1929,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name of the species,
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A6AC42A90785287410F11A2" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[627,873,1929,1955]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A90785287410F11A2" box="[627,873,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Paraplanocera angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A6AC42A917B528441C311A5" box="[880,933,1930,1956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is dedicated to Ángel Delso, for his help and moral support throughout the project.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A6AC42992CC52DF473D14CD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="5" pageNumber="368" type="description">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A6AC42992CC52DF4644171D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1749,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A6AC42A92CC52DF433D11EA" bold="true" box="[199,347,2001,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Description:</emphasis>
External characteristics (
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A6AC42A907552DF409D11EA" box="[638,763,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="368">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
): Body shape oval, very delicate and with waved margins. Length
<quantity id="E1759B199A69C42992FA5598432016B0" box="[241,326,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
. Colouration transparent, yellowish intestinal branches due to the intestinal content and brilliant dots produced due to the refraction of light in the ovaries. Nuchal tentacles plumb and located at the first third of the body. Tentacular eyes at the base of tentacles and two groups of cerebral eyes between the tentacular appendix. Ruffled pharynx in the middle of the body.
<collectingRegion id="E449F81E9A69C4299077540C40D0171D" box="[636,694,258,284]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Male</collectingRegion>
and female gonopore separated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC542840E4143D" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
Reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A69C42993CE5428407C1741" box="[453,538,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Fig 3D</figureCitation>
): copulatory organs located in the last body third. The male organ comprises a prostatic vesicle with two accessory vesicles, cirrus with bristles and two adenoids, and a short homogenously ciliated atrium. The entire complex is surrounded by a well-developed muscular layer. The prostatic vesicle is covered with a spongy epithelium that forms inside long finger like prolongations. The vasa deferentia form two spermiducal bulbs that empty separately into the distal region of the prostatic vesicle. The cirrus is sinuous and covered with short but fragile bristles. It empties directly into the ciliated male atrium. In the proximal region of the atrium appear two elongated and glandular formations that resemble the teeth of other
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42991B654F046011419" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[957,1127,510,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42991B654F046011419" box="[957,1127,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Paraplanocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are not sclerotized, the so-called adenoids (
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C429937E572C4065143D" author="Faubel, A." box="[373,515,546,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref8228" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria; Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel 1983</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A69C4299010572C4013143D" box="[539,629,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC5748473D14CD" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
The female reproductive system shows a short and ciliated atrium that opens in a well-developed vagina bulbosa covered with long, flexible cilia. Frontally appears a ciliated, conical blind sac, the bursa copulatrix, covered with a ciliated epithelium and surrounded by a well-developed musculature. Caudally emerges the Lang´s vesicle. In this region, the female duct is covered with a cuboidal epithelium and an underdeveloped muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A69C42996FF57BC472914CD" box="[1268,1359,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E9765779A69C42992CC57D8432E12E8" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC57D840B61538" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42992CC57D8435B14F1" bold="true" box="[199,317,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Remarks:</emphasis>
The species captured in
<collectingCountry id="5E9A766C9A69C429905257D840B314F1" box="[601,725,726,752]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42991C457D8474514F1" authority="Laidlaw, 1903" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[975,1315,726,752]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42991C457D8461F14F1" box="[975,1145,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Paraplanocera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C429968A57D8474514F1" author="Laidlaw, F. F." box="[1153,1315,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="99 - 113" refId="ref8788" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1903) On the marine fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland in the years of 1901 and 1902. Turbellaria Polycladida. Part I. The Acotylea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2, 99 - 113." type="journal article" year="1903">Laidlaw, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of nuchal tentacles, tentacular and cerebral eyes, adenoids and the presence of the bursa copulatrix and Lang’s vesicle within the female copulatory organ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC564C43B615C9" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
Currently this genus consists of 10 species (
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42990A1564C415C155D" author="Faubel, A." box="[682,826,834,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="17 - 121" refId="ref8228" refString="Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria; Proposal and establishment of a new system. Part I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 80, 17 - 121." type="journal article" year="1983">Faubel 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C4299147564C4696155D" authority="Laidlaw, 1903" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[844,1264,834,860]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aurora">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C4299147564C462E155D" box="[844,1096,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Paraplanocera aurora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C4299645564C4696155D" author="Laidlaw, F. F." box="[1102,1264,834,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="99 - 113" refId="ref8788" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1903) On the marine fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland in the years of 1901 and 1902. Turbellaria Polycladida. Part I. The Acotylea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2, 99 - 113." type="journal article" year="1903">Laidlaw, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42996F1564D436A1581" authority="(Willey, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Willey" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="discus">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42996F1564D473D155D" box="[1274,1371,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. discus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C4299763564C43621581" author="Willey, A." pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="145 - 180" refId="ref9788" refString="Willey, A. (1897) Letters from New Guinea on Nautilus and some other organisms. The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 39, 145 - 180." type="journal article" year="1897">Willey, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42993115669405D1580" authority="Hyman, 1959" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1959" box="[282,571,870,897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fritillata">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C4299311566943F21581" box="[282,404,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. fritillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42993965669405D1580" author="Hyman, L. H." box="[413,571,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="543 - 597" refId="ref8622" refString="Hyman, L. H. (1959) A further study of Micronesian polyclad flatworms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108, 543 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3410.543" type="journal article" year="1959">Hyman, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C4299043566941061581" authority="(Laidlaw, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Laidlaw" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[584,864,870,896]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C4299043566940C61581" box="[584,672,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. langi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42990BB566841311581" author="Laidlaw, F. F." box="[688,855,870,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="282 - 312" refId="ref8746" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1902) The marine Turbellaria, with an account of the anatomy of some of the species. The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive archipelagos, 1, 282 - 312." type="journal article" year="1902">Laidlaw, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C4299165566946FC1581" authority="Meyer, 1922" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1922" box="[878,1178,870,897]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C4299165566941991581" box="[878,1023,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. marginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C4299603566946FC1581" author="Meyer, F." box="[1032,1178,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="138 - 158" refId="ref9005" refString="Meyer, F. (1922) Polycladen von Koseir (Rotes Meer). Kollektion Professor Klunzinger.) Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 87, 138 - 158." type="journal article" year="1922">Meyer, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42996A35669432F15A5" authority="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki, 1918" authorityName="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki" authorityYear="1918" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42996A3566947211581" box="[1192,1351,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. misakiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42997445668432F15A5" author="Yeri, M. &amp; Kaburaki, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref9887" refString="Yeri, M. &amp; Kaburaki, T. (1918) Description of some Japanese polyclad Turbellaria. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 39, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1918">Yeri &amp; Kaburaki, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429935D568540E815A4" authority="(Hyman, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[342,654,906,933]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oceanica">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429935D568543B115A5" box="[342,471,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. oceanica</emphasis>
(Hyman, 1953)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42990905685466215A4" authority="(Schmarda, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Schmarda" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[667,1028,906,933]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oligoglena">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42990905685415615A5" box="[667,816,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. oligoglena</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42991345684419A15A4" author="Schmarda, L. K." box="[831,1020,906,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" refId="ref9349" refString="Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue wirbellose Thiere beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. Verlag von Wihelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 164 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85313" type="book" year="1859">Schmarda, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429961A5685470A15A5" authority="Laidlaw, 1903" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[1041,1388,906,932]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rotumanensis">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429961A568546A515A5" box="[1041,1219,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. rotumanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C42996C05684470A15A5" author="Laidlaw, F. F." box="[1227,1388,906,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="99 - 113" refId="ref8788" refString="Laidlaw, F. F. (1903) On the marine fauna of Zanzibar and British East Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland in the years of 1901 and 1902. Turbellaria Polycladida. Part I. The Acotylea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 2, 99 - 113." type="journal article" year="1903">Laidlaw, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429929C56A143AD15C9" authority="Kato, 1937" authorityName="Kato" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,459,942,969]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubrifasciata">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429929C56A1432315C9" box="[151,325,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. rubrifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="421C4B0D9A69C429934756A143AD15C9" author="Kato, K." box="[332,459,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" pagination="211 - 232" refId="ref8690" refString="Kato, K. (1937) Polyclads collected in Idu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 211 - 232." type="journal article" year="1937">Kato, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC56DC46251234" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
All species show sclerotized adenoids, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429916E56DC463D15ED" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[869,1115,978,1004]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429916E56DC463D15ED" box="[869,1115,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Paraplanocera angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n.sp and
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42996C956DD473F15ED" authorityName="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki" authorityYear="1918" box="[1218,1369,978,1004]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42996C956DD473F15ED" box="[1218,1369,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P misakiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species share naked non-sclerotized adenoids, but can be clearly distinguished by the inner epithelium of the bursa copulatrix; folded and naked in
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42993F7511540F91235" box="[508,671,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42993F7511540FA1235" authorityName="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki" authorityYear="1918" box="[508,668,1050,1076]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="misakiensis">P. misakiensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
smooth and ciliated in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42991AD511546611235" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[934,1031,1050,1076]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42991AD511546611235" box="[934,1031,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A69C4299605511546251234" box="[1038,1091,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC5130470512A0" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
Other differences between the two species are the dorsal colouration, olive green in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429967F513147761259" authorityName="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki" authorityYear="1918" box="[1140,1296,1086,1112]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429967F513147761259" box="[1140,1296,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. misakiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and translucent in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42992E1516D432D127D" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[234,331,1122,1148]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42992E1516D432D127D" box="[234,331,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A69C4299359516D43EF127C" box="[338,393,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; the arrangement of the cerebral eyes, only at the level of the tentacles in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42996C9516D4742127D" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[1218,1316,1122,1148]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42996C9516D4742127D" box="[1218,1316,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A69C4299720516D4706127C" box="[1323,1376,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="BEB62A799A69C4299764516C42DF12A1" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1427,1451]" captionTargetBox="[365,1225,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[357,1231,181,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3: Paraplanocera angeli n.sp. A. Distribution map and sample points; B. Whole live animal, dorsal view with nucal tentacles (white arrows); C. Ventral view of whole live animal with pharynx at the middle region (white arrows); D. Histological sections of the copulatory organs stained with Azan and sagittal reconstruction of the reproduction system (anterior end to the left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4709593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4709593/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) and the shape of the female atrium, widened in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42990D75189411E12A1" authorityName="Yeri &amp; Kaburaki" authorityYear="1918" box="[732,888,1158,1184]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42990D75189411E12A1" box="[732,888,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. misakiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and narrow and elongated in
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42996CE5189474112A1" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[1221,1319,1158,1184]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42996CE5189474112A1" box="[1221,1319,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A69C42997255189470512A0" box="[1326,1379,1159,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263236FC9A69C42992CC51A4432E12E8" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">
Therefore, the differences found between the two species establish
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C42991BC51A5467E12C5" authority="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Soutullo &amp; Cuadrado &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[951,1048,1194,1220]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="angeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C42991BC51A5467E12C5" box="[951,1048,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">P. angeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FCA57959A69C429961451A5463512C4" box="[1055,1107,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as a new species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="E18D4D7F9A69C429929C51C0432712E9" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,321,1230,1256]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Planoceridae" genus="Paraplanocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14F9EAEE9A69C429929C51C0432712E9" box="[151,321,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="369">Paraplanocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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