253 lines
21 KiB
XML
253 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1109-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8895C118E1765B7A87C2D49A619D0EA4" ID-ZooBank="FC606834C2594254B8CA9C5A6007246B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1109-1" checkinTime="1656747453293" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Deranja, Maks, Kasalo, Niko, Adzic, Karmela, Franjevic, Damjan & Skejo, Josip" docDate="2022" docId="8095758E779D5E0AA677D8E9FFE2671E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1109: 1-15" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1109" docPubDate="2022-07-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565" docTitle="Lepocranus fuscus Devriese 1991" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="8895C118E1765B7A87C2D49A619D0EA4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="8895C118E1765B7A87C2D49A619D0EA4" masterDocTitle="Lepocranus and Valalyllum gen. nov. (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, Cladonotinae), endangered Malagasy dead-leaf-like grasshoppers" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1656747753912" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Lepocranus and Valalyllum gen. nov. (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae, Cladonotinae), endangered Malagasy dead-leaf-like grasshoppers</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Deranja, Maks</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5710-1916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">maks.deranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kasalo, Niko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-6349</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">niko.kasalo5@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Adzic, Karmela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-4759</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Franjevic, Damjan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-4426</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skejo, Josip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-4499</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>15</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1109-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FC606834C2594254B8CA9C5A6007246B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8895C118E1765B7A87C2D49A619D0EA4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8095758E779D5E0AA677D8E9FFE2671E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8095758E779D5E0AA677D8E9FFE2671E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8095758E-779D-5E0A-A677-D8E9FFE2671E" authority="Devriese, 1991" authorityName="Devriese" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Lepocranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepocranus fuscus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Lepocranus fuscus Devriese, 1991</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Lepocranus fuscus Devriese, 1991 A head detail in frontal view B habitus in right lateral view C habitus in frontal view D habitus in light lateral view E habitus in dorsal view F labels. Photo: J. Skejo and MNCN Madrid." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Devriese" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Lepocranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepocranus fuscus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Lepocranus fuscus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 131" refId="B5" refString="Devriese, H, 1991. Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie 127 (5-6): 119 - 131" title="Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera)." volume="127" year="1991">Devriese 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1932-05" collectorName="A. Seyrig" country="Madagascar" location="Foret de Tampolo" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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; "
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8095758E779D5E0AA677D8E9FFE2671E:F60FA02DB9D4C4040EC97BC73200F2F6" country="Madagascar" name="Foret de Tampolo">Foret de Tampolo</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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";
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<collectingDate value="1932-05">May. 1932</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>A. Seyrig</collectorName>
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leg.; MNCN 7230.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="genus and species diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genus and species diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Small (<10 mm long), apterous, leaf-like, cryptic species endemic to northern Madagascar. Antennae are short and filiform, composed of 15 antennomeres. The upper margins of the antennal groove are at the lower margin of a compound eye. Frontal costa bifurcates between the eyes into rounded facial carinae (parallel in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.), between which there is a wide scutellum, as wide as a compound eye. Vertex obliquely projected above the eyes in frontal view. Vertex about 3 times wider than a compound eye. In the frontal view, a compound eye is rounded (ovoid in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.). Pronotum is leaf-like, 2.4 times as long as high (1.75 times in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.) because of the compressed and elevated median carina. In the dorsal view, the median carina of the pronotum is sulcate. Median carina of the pronotum is straight in the dorsal view (undulated in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.). Pronotum dips above the head in dorsal view, then smoothly curves upwards and gradually descends towards the posterior apex at an obtuse angle (150° slope, already reported in
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 131" refId="B5" refString="Devriese, H, 1991. Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie 127 (5-6): 119 - 131" title="Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera)." volume="127" year="1991">Devriese 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) (posterior slope is abrupt in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. and forms a right-angle). Posterior slope of the median carina is weakly undulated (much more in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.). The posterior apex of the pronotum is bilobated in the dorsal view. Pronotum does not cover the whole abdomen, the last segments are not covered, and the subgenital plate is visible (fully covered in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov.). Dorsal margin of hind femora bearing strong projections (lappets). Genicular and antegenicular teeth are large and blunt (small and angular in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Deranja & Kasalo & Adžić & Franjević & Skejo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Valalyllum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Valalyllum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valalyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. n). Mid tibia is stout. The top margins of the mid and the fore femora undulated but lack strong tubercules. Pulvilli of the hind tarsi are rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="original etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Original etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Latin adjective in male gender, "
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Devriese" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Lepocranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepocranus fuscus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Lepocranus fuscus</taxonomicName>
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, -a, -um" meaning brown (
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 131" refId="B5" refString="Devriese, H, 1991. Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie 127 (5-6): 119 - 131" title="Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera)." volume="127" year="1991">Devriese 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Leatherback Pygmy Grasshopper (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" author="Danielczak, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Danielczak, A, Devriese, H, Hochkirch, A, 2017. Lepocranus fuscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103898314A103900710. http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" title="Lepocranus fuscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 103898314 A 103900710." url="http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" year="2017">Danielczak et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(male holotype).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body length</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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: (from the tip of the head to the tip of the subgenital plate) 8.6 mm (cited 9.8 mm in
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Belgian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 99" refId="B6" refString="Devriese, H, 1999. Revision des Xerophyllini d'Afrique (Orthoptera Tetrigidae). Belgian Journal of Entomology 1: 21 - 99" title="Revision des Xerophyllini d'Afrique (Orthoptera Tetrigidae)." volume="1" year="1999">Devriese 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, from the tip of the pronotum to the tip of the subgenital plate).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum length</emphasis>
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: 8.1 mm (cited 8.2 mm in
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 131" refId="B5" refString="Devriese, H, 1991. Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie 127 (5-6): 119 - 131" title="Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera)." volume="127" year="1991">Devriese 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum maximum height</emphasis>
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: 3.3 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum width between the lateral lobes</emphasis>
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: 3.8 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum width between the shoulders</emphasis>
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: 2.5 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eye width</emphasis>
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: 0.4 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vertex width</emphasis>
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: 1.2 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fore femur length</emphasis>
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: 2.2 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fore femur width</emphasis>
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: 0.5 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mid femur length</emphasis>
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: 2.5 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mid femur width</emphasis>
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: 0.8 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind femur length</emphasis>
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: 5.3 mm (cited 5.3 mm in
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<bibRefCitation author="Devriese, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 131" refId="B5" refString="Devriese, H, 1991. Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera). Bulletin & annales de la Societe royale belge d'entomologie 127 (5-6): 119 - 131" title="Contribution a l'etude des Tetrigidae de Madagascar (Orthoptera)." volume="127" year="1991">Devriese 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind femur width</emphasis>
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: 2.1 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind femur length/width ratio</emphasis>
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: 2.5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="locus typicus">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Locus typicus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madagascar, Tampolo.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="iucn red list assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">IUCN Red List Assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The Leatherback Pygmy Grasshopper was listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List because (1) the minimal geographic range it inhabits (the extent of occurrence is only about 3000 km2), (2) the population seems to be fragmented, and (3) the decline in both the number of mature individuals and the size and quality of the range area due to inferred severe deforestation (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" author="Danielczak, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Danielczak, A, Devriese, H, Hochkirch, A, 2017. Lepocranus fuscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103898314A103900710. http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" title="Lepocranus fuscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 103898314 A 103900710." url="http://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T103898314A103900710.en" year="2017">Danielczak et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1109.85565.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/708960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Devriese" authorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Lepocranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepocranus fuscus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lepocranus fuscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Devriese, 1991
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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head detail in frontal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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habitus in right lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habitus in frontal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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habitus in light lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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habitus in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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labels. Photo: J. Skejo and MNCN Madrid.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |