1422 lines
197 KiB
XML
1422 lines
197 KiB
XML
<document id="F7956697E3C8D391A5A6707E76B36A36" ID-CLB-Dataset="7814" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sez020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa84d4a4-2123-4f75-b6a1-ba20d8036e37" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573622" ID-ZooBank="9E25C015-0E09-43FC-AFD4-B8F152E72A38" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614696226346" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Langle, Paige R" docDate="2019" docId="03E7879DFFB9B117BEA89C45FB43FC58" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.51.986.155-162.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 51 (986)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez020" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Prionailurus rubiginosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="FFDEFFE5FFB9B111BE419804FF85FFFA" masterDocTitle="Prionailurus rubiginosus (Carnivora: Felidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1698931856084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="8484D794025FC9ED226D2C4A7637E896" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1AC7EF2A0478DDB7141840394261B2D">
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<mods:title id="24DC8DF4D964C7CE5DE99A9BE3704CA6">Prionailurus rubiginosus (Carnivora: Felidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="AD6AFC25AC8B2ADF13FE0FECF5E1C996" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3206D531614EFAF350A605EC635133AC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ACA6F22E8E1409A1591FCDCB66A1D34F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="10D045D45CE072442D0F1A9A7A84231A">Langle, Paige R</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7D7916E5E5055AD9EBBE96265550CE5">Department of Collections, The Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="15C58E7DD3BB96635693A8C81064D454" type="email">plangle@ sciencebuff.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2915575BDA861E694AB88CA6DC847719">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0D218E1768B1AA4B0B3BBAEB5C2A0EA">
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<mods:title id="D69DBF750D71EECB1C0F8C7EC4769E64">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="79489758CF4DB1698DE7417D7638DF20">
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<mods:date id="EF64DDDB6A90F28E259C5EB872EE13AD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8D94912C1A3C211A7FFDAEBB5141C264" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="4BA0ADFB4D8356842E58717D111ADA0D">2019-12-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="49917F206E74DDCB1BDBAB485E2274CD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C82E61D784F5F0D70F2B5C4E935669BE">51</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="775B6F3A04CE7FE3895D1BB7DDC7E7FF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="042612178E6FF6C07EBD4B65AA243A12">986</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="7F90AE4FCBB9DC02C907DBB1BDA5FCC9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8E522548DAFFD66BBE0560E4F8718936">155</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="513B3137EBEE1D2708AE0E31C4A20D44">162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="9CD7473DCB3297A2BE440469A26AD2F5">
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<mods:url id="667EEEA11AEFFA1CAC0A44B517188278">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez020</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="4412419DDF65FC3A057D820B81EABF7E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7AE69A90D8665F2CEE4BFE3EFEEF5E8A" type="CLB-Dataset">7814</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="61AF4689D965D948D65999B38D78932F" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sez020</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C8787475F34E251241963F4724C1E464" type="GBIF-Dataset">aa84d4a4-2123-4f75-b6a1-ba20d8036e37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B0EB7E70CC6862196081DFDE3EDE6869" type="ISSN">1545-1410</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E07318F7F3F5AE32D17C4397A71BC5EB" type="Zenodo-Dep">4573622</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BD0FEA0458555DE6FE7210C2064DBC5D" type="ZooBank">9E25C015-0E09-43FC-AFD4-B8F152E72A38</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E7879DFFB9B117BEA89C45FB43FC58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4593570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180302105" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4593570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7879DFFB9B117BEA89C45FB43FC58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7879DFFB9B117BEA89C45FB43FC58" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
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<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB9B111BEA89C45FDBBFB87" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BEA89C45FDBBFB87" blockId="0.[233,668,1089,1149]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
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<heading id="D0B981E7FFB9B111BEA89C45FDBBFB87" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BEA89C45FDBBFB87" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authority="(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BEA89C45FDBBFB87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BEA89C45FD9EFBA1" bold="true" box="[233,539,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB9B111BF209CA3FDA0FB44" box="[353,549,1191,1214]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BF209CA3FDA0FB44" blockId="0.[353,549,1191,1214]" box="[353,549,1191,1214]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Rusty-Spotted Cat</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB9B110BE2C9CD8FD62FE02" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BE2C9CD8FEB5FAA9" blockId="0.[109,793,1244,1523]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE2C9CD8FD2AFB09" ID-CoL="3DXVX" authority="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831: 140" authorityName="I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1831" box="[109,687,1244,1267]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BE2C9CD8FE9AFB09" box="[109,287,1244,1267]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Felis rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831:140
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58829FFB9B111BCFD9CD8FD74FB09" box="[700,753,1244,1267]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="F9B1C199FFB9B111BEA29CF8FECEFAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
“bois de lataniers qui couvrent une hauteur voisine de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB9B111BE829D18FEBBFAC9" box="[195,318,1308,1331]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Pondichery</collectingCountry>
|
||
,”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
<insertion id="16CB514AFFB9B111BF199D18FEA9FAA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
[=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB9B111BF2C9D18FE2CFAC9" box="[365,425,1308,1331]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, wooded hills in the vicinity of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB9B111BEDC9D38FEA3FAA9" box="[157,294,1340,1363]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Pondicherry</collectingCountry>
|
||
]
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BE2C9D58FD70FA89" blockId="0.[109,793,1244,1523]" box="[109,757,1372,1395]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE2C9D58FD92FA89" authority=": Gray, 1867: 269" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1867" box="[109,535,1372,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Viverriceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BE2C9D58FEE4FA89" box="[109,353,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Viverriceps rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BF2E9D58FD92FA89" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[367,535,1372,1395]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="269" refId="ref6624" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1867. Notes on the skulls of the cats (Felidae). Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 269." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867:269</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BE2C9D78FEAFFA49" blockId="0.[109,793,1244,1523]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE379D78FD35FA69" ID-CoL="6VR3" authority=": Pocock, 1917: 332" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="332" authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[118,688,1404,1427]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BE379D78FF7BFA69" box="[118,254,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BF6C9D78FE24FA69" box="[301,417,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">rubiginosa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BF8C9D78FD35FA69" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[461,688,1404,1427]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="332 - 339" refId="ref7343" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1917. The classification of existing Felidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 20: 332 - 339." type="journal article" year="1917">Pocock, 1917:332</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BE2C9DB8FE1EFA09" blockId="0.[109,793,1244,1523]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE379DB8FDE4FA29" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authority=": Pocock, 1917: 339" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityPageNumber="339" authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[118,609,1468,1491]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BE379DB8FF7BFA29" box="[118,254,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BF4E9DB8FE08FA29" box="[271,397,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BFDD9DB8FDE4FA29" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[412,609,1468,1491]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" pagination="332 - 339" refId="ref7343" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1917. The classification of existing Felidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 20: 332 - 339." type="journal article" year="1917">Pocock, 1917:339</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316603FFB9B111BD069DCFFC3AF9AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573624/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" startId="0.[839,874,1483,1504]" targetBox="[844,1516,1025,1471]" targetPageId="0">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BD069DCFFC3AF9AC" blockId="0.[839,1522,1483,1622]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BD069DCFFC20FA1A" bold="true" box="[839,933,1483,1504]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Fig. 1.—</emphasis>
|
||
An adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BA1B9DC8FAD7FA1B" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[1114,1362,1484,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BA1B9DC8FAD7FA1B" box="[1114,1362,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, United Kingdom. Photograph by Balázs Buzás used with permission. Copyright (2013), available at Balázs Buzás Photographer (http://www.balazsbuzas.com, accessed 2 April 2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B110BE2C9E26FE0DFEB8" blockId="0.[109,792,1570,1785]" lastBlockId="1.[109,792,203,322]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BC709E26FD18F9C3" ID-CoL="VS" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[561,669,1570,1593]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE2C9E46FF65F9A3" ID-CoL="4DL" box="[109,224,1602,1625]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Feliformia">Feliformia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BF799E46FE0CF9A3" ID-CoL="623RM" box="[312,393,1602,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BC479E46FDDDF9A3" ID-CoL="JKL" box="[518,600,1602,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Felinae">Felinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Taxonomy of the leopard cat lineage of Asian small cats has been controversial for many decades, as evidenced by its long history of reclassification at the generic (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BFFA9EA6FE6BF943" ID-CoL="4JQ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[443,494,1698,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BFFA9EA6FE6BF943" box="[443,494,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Felis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BFBE9EA6FD02F943" ID-CoL="6VR3" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[511,647,1698,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BFBE9EA6FD02F943" box="[511,647,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BCD99EA6FC94F943" box="[664,785,1698,1721]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Viverriceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BCD99EA6FC94F943" box="[664,785,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Viverriceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BE2C9EC6FEE9F923" authority="Zibethailurus" authorityName="Zibethailurus" box="[109,364,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Ictailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BE2C9EC6FEE9F923" box="[109,364,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ictailurus Zibethailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BF389EC6FE6FF923" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1869" box="[377,490,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Ailurogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BF389EC6FE6FF923" box="[377,490,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ailurogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BFB69EC6FDDFF923" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1870" box="[503,602,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Ailurinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BFB69EC6FDDFF923" box="[503,602,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Ailurinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BCD59EC6FC8AF923" ID-CoL="5M85" authorityName="Imaizumi" authorityYear="1967" box="[660,783,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Mayailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BCD59EC6FC8AF923" box="[660,783,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Mayailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and species levels (Nowell and Jackson 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BC2E9EE6FCF8F96D" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[623,893,1664,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BA3D9E84FB7FF96D" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[1148,1274,1664,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BA3D9E84FB7FF96D" box="[1148,1274,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB9B111BB709E84FA3CF96D" ID-CoL="6VR3" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1329,1465,1664,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB9B111BB709E84FA3CF96D" box="[1329,1465,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered problematic by several investigators (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BD099EC4FC63F92D" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[840,998,1728,1751]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB9B111BDB89EC4FB31F92D" author="WOZENCRAFT, W. C." box="[1017,1204,1728,1751]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155" refId="ref7932" refString="WOZENCRAFT, W. C. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 542 - 544 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 3 rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Wozencraft 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, relatively recent phylogenetic work based on both morphological and molecular evidence suggests this classification is correct (Johnsen et al. 2006; O’Brien and Johnson 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BFA298EFFD43FEF8" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[483,710,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here, I have followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF63990FFD99FED8" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[290,540,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who recognized three subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BF42992FFE04FEB8" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[259,385,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BF42992FFE04FEB8" box="[259,385,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E8552A85FFB9B111BE2C9F28FB1EF8BB" box="[109,1179,1836,1857]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB9B111BE2C9F28FB1EF8BB" blockId="0.[109,1179,1836,1857]" box="[109,1179,1836,1857]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">
|
||
© The Author(s)
|
||
<docYear id="9328DA70FFB9B111BF539F28FEC0F8BB" box="[274,325,1836,1857]" pageId="0" pageNumber="155">2019</docYear>
|
||
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Mammalogists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BE2C9965FE6CFE62" blockId="1.[109,792,353,504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE2C9965FDD8FE82" ID-CoL="5KNDD" authority="Deraniyagala, 1956: 113" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1956" box="[109,605,353,376]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE2C9965FEABFE82" box="[109,302,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF099965FDD8FE82" author="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P." box="[328,605,353,376]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="113 - 114" refId="ref6386" refString="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P. 1956. A new subspecies of rusty spotted cat from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 28: 113 - 114." type="journal article" year="1956">Deraniyagala, 1956:113</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58829FFB8B110BC3B9965FD2AFE82" box="[634,687,353,376]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="F9B1C199FFB8B110BEDC9985FEF6FE62" box="[157,371,385,408]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">“Kathiraveli (E.P.),”</quote>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB8B110BF389985FE60FE62" box="[377,485,385,408]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BE2C99A5FDD7FE22" blockId="1.[109,792,353,504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE2C99A5FE57FE42" ID-CoL="7KP4N" authority="Pocock, 1939: 278" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="278" authorityYear="1939" box="[109,466,417,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE2C99A5FF78FE42" box="[109,253,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF4899A5FE57FE42" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[265,466,417,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock, 1939:278</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58829FFB8B110BFA099A5FD93FE42" box="[481,534,417,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="F9B1C199FFB8B110BC3C99A5FE5EFE22" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
“Mousakanda, Gammaduwa, C. P.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BF3999C5FE48FE22" box="[376,461,449,472]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3,000 ft</quantity>
|
||
,”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB8B110BFA399C5FDCBFE22" box="[482,590,449,472]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BE2C99E5FD62FE02" blockId="1.[109,792,353,504]" box="[109,743,481,504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE2C99E5FDECFE02" ID-CoL="4MF7F" authority="(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[109,617,481,504]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE2C99E5FE9FFE02" box="[109,282,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB8B110BE2C9A22FD0BFBE7" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BE2C9A22FD0BFBE7" blockId="1.[109,793,550,1053]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. Common names for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BCD19A22FF6EFDA7" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BCD19A22FF6EFDA7" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rusty-spotted cat and rustie or rusty. Local names from the Indian subcontinent are spoken in Kannada or Kanarese, Waddari, and Tamil, and in these vernacular are Kiraba-bekku, Ark-philli, and Namali Pilli, listed respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BE379AC2FEACFD27" author="SRINIVASULU, C." box="[118,297,710,733]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7596" refString="SRINIVASULU, C. 2019. South Asian mammals: an updated checklist and their scientific names. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book" year="2019">Srinivasulu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Sri Lankan Tamil, common names include Kadu-poona, Verewa puni, and Kardup-poonai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BCE19AE2FF27FCE7" author="SRINIVASULU, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7596" refString="SRINIVASULU, C. 2019. South Asian mammals: an updated checklist and their scientific names. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book" year="2019">Srinivasulu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are a number of additional common names in the Sri Lankan vernacular Sinhala, which include Kola Diviya, Balal Diviya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF479B42FE41FCA7" author="MITHTHAPALA, S." box="[262,452,838,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7031" refString="MITHTHAPALA, S. 2012. The Gulf of Mannar and its surroundings: a resource book for teachers in the Mannar district. IUCN Sri Lanka Office, Colombo, Sri Lanka." type="book" year="2012">Miththapala 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF939B42FD0DFCA7" author="WEERAKOON, D. K." box="[466,648,838,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7740" refString="WEERAKOON, D. K. 2012. The taxonomy and conservation status of mammals in Sri Lanka. Pp. 134 - 137 in The national red list 2012 of Sri Lanka; conservation status of the fauna and flora (Weerakoon, D. K. and S. Wijesundara, eds.). Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka." type="book" year="2012">Weerakoon 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Wal-balala, Handun Diviya, and Kula Diya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF859B62FDF3FC87" author="SRINIVASULU, C." box="[452,630,870,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7596" refString="SRINIVASULU, C. 2019. South Asian mammals: an updated checklist and their scientific names. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book" year="2019">Srinivasulu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The common names
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFB8B110BEF99B82FE80FC67" box="[184,261,902,925]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
|
||
rusty-spotted cat and small jungle cat specifically refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE819BA2FD94FC47" authority="(Srinivasulu 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Srinivasulu" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[192,529,934,957]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE819BA2FEC1FC47" box="[192,324,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BF129BA2FD83FC47" author="SRINIVASULU, C." box="[339,518,934,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7596" refString="SRINIVASULU, C. 2019. South Asian mammals: an updated checklist and their scientific names. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book" year="2019">Srinivasulu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other vernacular names include the French names chat rougeâtre, chat rubigineux, and chat-léopard de l’Inde and the Spanish or Castilian names gato rojizo and gato
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BF559C02FD0CFBE7" authority="(Mukherjee et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Mukherjee" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[276,649,1030,1053]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Viverriceps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosa">
|
||
rubiginosa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BFD59C02FDFBFBE7" author="MUKHERJEE, S. & J. W. DUCKWORTH & A. SILVA & A. APPEL & A. KITTLE" box="[404,638,1030,1053]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7090" refString="MUKHERJEE, S., J. W. DUCKWORTH, A. SILVA, A. APPEL, AND A. KITTLE. 2016. Prionailurus rubiginosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 30 January 2019." type="book" year="2016">Mukherjee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFB8B110BF309C58FA01FC18" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB8B110BF309C58FA01FC18" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BF309C58FD91FB8C" blockId="1.[369,532,1116,1142]" box="[369,532,1116,1142]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFB8B110BF309C58FD91FB8C" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[369,532,1116,1142]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BF309C58FD91FB8C" bold="true" box="[369,532,1116,1142]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BED99C9BFB5AFE98" blockId="1.[109,793,1183,1942]" lastBlockId="1.[840,1523,203,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BED99C9BFE21FB4C" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[152,420,1183,1206]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BED99C9BFE21FB4C" box="[152,420,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BCD19C9BFF6EFB2C" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BCD19C9BFF6EFB2C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the leopard cat, by its typically smaller size, with a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BF6D9CDBFE3BFB0C" box="[300,446,1247,1270]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="640.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="500.0">500–780 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BC2A9CDBFC8DFB0C" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[619,776,1247,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the total length of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BFEA9CFBFDCCFAEC" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[427,585,1279,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BFEA9CFBFDCCFAEC" box="[427,585,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BCA29CFBFF4BFACC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.375" metricValueMax="9.25" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="837.5" valueMax="925.0" valueMin="750.0">750– 925 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In specimens where total lengths overlap, it is advisable to compare coat patterns; overall,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BC7A9D3BFD53FAAC" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[571,726,1343,1366]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BC7A9D3BFD53FAAC" box="[571,726,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a characteristically subdued pelage pattern in comparison to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BECA9D7BFEA1FA6C" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[139,292,1407,1430]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BECA9D7BFEA1FA6C" box="[139,292,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as a notable uniform coloring and indistinct patterning of the tail. Additionally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BC129D9BFD6EFA4C" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[595,747,1439,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BC129D9BFD6EFA4C" box="[595,747,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the solid spots are small, widely separated, often lanceolate, and arranged linearly on the dorsum, whereas the pattern of spots on the shoulders and head form clear stripes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BCC19DFBFC95F9EC" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[640,784,1535,1558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A0EFFB8B110BE2C9E1BFF36F9CC" box="[109,179,1567,1590]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[839,874,1483,1504]" captionTargetBox="[844,1516,1025,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-452@0.[844,1516,1025,1471]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig. 1.—An adult female Prionailurus rubiginosus from the Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, United Kingdom. Photograph by Balázs Buzás used with permission. Copyright (2013), available at Balázs Buzás Photographer (http://www.balazsbuzas.com, accessed 2 April 2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573624/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE909E1BFEF5F9CC" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[209,368,1567,1590]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE909E1BFEF5F9CC" box="[209,368,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BCD19E1BFF5CF9AC" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viverrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BCD19E1BFF5CF9AC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus viverrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fishing cat, by comparisons of tail length in relation to head and body length and the length of the hind foot. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BECE9E7BFEA9F96C" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[143,300,1663,1686]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BECE9E7BFEA9F96C" box="[143,300,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tail is greater than one-half the length of the head and body and more than twice as long as the hind foot, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BF679EBBFE2BF92C" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[294,430,1727,1750]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viverrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BF679EBBFE2BF92C" box="[294,430,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. viverrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tail is less than one-half the head-body length and less than two times the length of the hind foot. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BF399EFBFD87F8EC" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[376,514,1791,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viverrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BF399EFBFD87F8EC" box="[376,514,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. viverrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered the largest member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BF2C9F1BFD23F8CC" authority="(Pocock 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[365,678,1823,1846]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BF2C9F1BFE70F8CC" box="[365,501,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BC4A9F1BFD1EF8CC" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[523,667,1823,1846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The flatheaded cat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BEAC9F3BFE67F8AC" baseAuthorityName="Vigors & Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[237,482,1855,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BEAC9F3BFE67F8AC" box="[237,482,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BE2C9F5BFE82F88C" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[109,263,1887,1910]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BE2C9F5BFE82F88C" box="[109,263,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its short tail, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BFA09F5BFDBEF88C" box="[481,571,1887,1910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 mm</quantity>
|
||
as opposed to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BCA29F5BFF42F86C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="225.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="150.0">150– 300 mm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BEB99F7BFE16F86C" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1917" box="[248,403,1919,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BEB99F7BFE16F86C" box="[248,403,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; its flat or lengthened head; and its delicate and elongated extremities (Vigors and Horsfield 1827; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BD9B98EFFBF1FEF8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[986,1140,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With a range that does not extend much beyond the islands of the Sunda Shelf, the Sunda leopard cat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD37992FFBF2FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[886,1143,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD37992FFBF2FEB8" box="[886,1143,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus javanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, does not occur sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD09994FFB5FFE98" authority="(Kitchener et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Kitchener" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[840,1242,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD09994FFC65FE98" box="[840,992,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BDB1994FFB4AFE98" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[1008,1231,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BD32996FFA01FC18" blockId="1.[840,1523,203,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
The skulls of the five species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB02996FFA4FFE78" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1347,1482,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB02996FFA4FFE78" box="[1347,1482,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are noticeably different. Strongly compressed nasals and greatly expanded maxillae are characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BA8F99AFFAE1FE38" box="[1230,1380,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BA8F99AFFAE1FE38" box="[1230,1380,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A0EFFB8B110BB3099AFFA2BFE38" box="[1393,1454,427,450]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1776,1797]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[115,787,200,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of a female Prionailurus rubiginosus (Sri Lanka National Museum of Natural History registration number 38) from Katagamuwa southern province, 5.09.1933. Photo courtesy of the Sri Lanka National Museum of Natural History. Greatest length of skull is 61 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573626/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); both are useful traits to distinguish its skull from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB1699CFFA69FE18" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1367,1516,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB1699CFFA69FE18" box="[1367,1516,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58829FFB8B110BD3099EFFC1AFDF8" box="[881,927,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD8699EFFB72FDF8" authority="(Pocock 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[967,1271,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD8699EFFBCBFDF8" box="[967,1102,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BA2199EFFB69FDF8" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1120,1260,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB4599EFFA18FDF8" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1284,1437,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB4599EFFA18FDF8" box="[1284,1437,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the most generalized skull with a mean total length of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BBE09A0FFA6AFDD8" box="[1441,1519,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="93.0">93 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and is most similar to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BA389A2FFB36FDB8" box="[1145,1203,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BA389A2FFB2AFDB8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1145,1199,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Felis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In comparison,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB1C9A2FFA76FDB8" box="[1373,1523,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB1C9A2FFA76FDB8" box="[1373,1523,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much smaller skull, roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BAE69A4FFB6AFD98" box="[1191,1263,587,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with weakly developed musculature tending to superficially resemble the skull of a young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BDCE9A8FFB40FD58" authority="(Pocock 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[911,1221,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BDCE9A8FFBA0FD58" box="[911,1061,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BA739A8FFB3FFD58" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1074,1210,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BA8F9A8FFAD3FD58" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1230,1366,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BA8F9A8FFAD3FD58" box="[1230,1366,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. javanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was recently recognized as a separate species rather than a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD099ACFFB5FFD18" authority="(Kitchener et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Kitchener" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[840,1242,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD099ACFFC65FD18" box="[840,992,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BDB19ACFFB55FD18" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[1008,1232,715,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is similarly distinguished by its larger skull, with a mean total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFB8B110BB689AEFFAF7FCF8" box="[1321,1394,747,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Sicuro and Oliveira 2015). In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BA3F9B0FFA87FCD8" baseAuthorityName="Bennett" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1150,1282,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viverrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BA3F9B0FFA87FCD8" box="[1150,1282,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. viverrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB4E9B0FFA20FCD8" box="[1295,1445,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB4E9B0FFA20FCD8" box="[1295,1445,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a sagittal crest, always has a narrower rostrum than the postorbital area, and only two upper premolars are present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BB199B4FFA66FC98" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1368,1507,843,866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD9A9B6FFBDBFC78" baseAuthorityName="Vigors & Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[987,1118,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD9A9B6FFBDBFC78" box="[987,1118,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is immediately distinguishable from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BDD29B8FFBAFFC58" box="[915,1066,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BDD29B8FFBAFFC58" box="[915,1066,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the extreme depression of the skull that extends from the anterior portion of the frontal bones along the length of the nasal bones (Vigors and Horsfield 1827).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFB8B113BDAA9C19FB30FD78" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFB8B113BDAA9C19FB30FD78" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BDAA9C19FAD5FBCD" blockId="1.[1003,1360,1053,1079]" box="[1003,1360,1053,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFB8B110BDAA9C19FAD5FBCD" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1003,1360,1053,1079]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BDAA9C19FAD5FBCD" bold="true" box="[1003,1360,1053,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFB8B110BD329C65FAB5F882" blockId="1.[840,1523,1121,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD329C65FBFAFB82" box="[883,1151,1121,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD329C65FBFAFB82" box="[883,1151,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has short, predominately brownish gray fur with a hint of rust color (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BB089C85FA66FB62" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1353,1507,1153,1176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This color extends from the head to the tip of the tail, and also trails down the outside of the limbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A0EFFB8B110BAAB9CC5FAAEFB22" box="[1258,1323,1217,1240]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[839,874,1483,1504]" captionTargetBox="[844,1516,1025,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-452@0.[844,1516,1025,1471]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig. 1.—An adult female Prionailurus rubiginosus from the Rare Species Conservation Centre, Sandwich, United Kingdom. Photograph by Balázs Buzás used with permission. Copyright (2013), available at Balázs Buzás Photographer (http://www.balazsbuzas.com, accessed 2 April 2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573624/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFB8B110BB389CC5FA1DFB22" box="[1401,1432,1217,1240]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lankan subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD8C9CE5FBDAFB02" baseAuthorityName="Srinivasulu" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[973,1119,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD8C9CE5FBDAFB02" box="[973,1119,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in more tropical regions, is generally darker, richer, and warmer in hue than its dry zone counterpart,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BA739D25FB48FAC2" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1956" box="[1074,1229,1313,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BA739D25FB48FAC2" box="[1074,1229,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Indian subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD099D45FC74FAA2" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[840,1009,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD099D45FC74FAA2" box="[840,1009,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which on average have more of a grayish wash to their coats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BA5D9D65FB20FA82" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1052,1189,1377,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BAF29D65FAF9FA82" author="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P." box="[1203,1404,1377,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="113 - 114" refId="ref6386" refString="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P. 1956. A new subspecies of rusty spotted cat from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 28: 113 - 114." type="journal article" year="1956">Deraniyagala 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BBCB9D65FC3FFA62" author="KITCHENER, A. C." pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BD909D85FBF5FA62" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1956" box="[977,1136,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BD909D85FBF5FA62" box="[977,1136,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BB419D85FA2AFA62" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1280,1455,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BB419D85FA2AFA62" box="[1280,1455,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its generally darker, less gray head, and its dorsal spots and bands that are nearly black rather than rusty in color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BB249DC5FCF8FA02" author="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P." pageId="1" pageNumber="156" pagination="113 - 114" refId="ref6386" refString="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P. 1956. A new subspecies of rusty spotted cat from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 28: 113 - 114." type="journal article" year="1956">Deraniyagala 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BDD19DE5FBF8FA02" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[912,1149,1505,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In all subspecies, the back and flanks have faintly colored elliptical rust spots and a white underbelly and throat with large dark spots and bars. The soles of its feet are black and the tail is substantial and thick. The tail is also markedly darker and more uniformly colored than the rest of the body, rendering the spots less distinct and more difficult to discern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BA4B9EA5FB1CF942" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1034,1177,1697,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BB049EA5FA66F942" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1349,1507,1697,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are two streaks of darker fur on the cheeks of the face and four streaks of darker fur extending from above the eyes, over the forehead toward the back of the head, and down onto the shoulders (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BAC39F25FA9BF8C2" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1154,1310,1825,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skulls of the subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFB8B110BDA49F45FB04F8A2" box="[997,1153,1857,1880]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFB8B110BDA49F45FB04F8A2" box="[997,1153,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="156">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not distinguishable from one another (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BDE99F65FBB7F882" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[936,1074,1889,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFB8B110BA019F65FA9AF882" author="KITCHENER, A. C." box="[1088,1311,1889,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="156" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB113BD3298CFFB30FD78" blockId="2.[840,1523,203,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BD3298CFFB01FF18" box="[883,1156,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BD3298CFFB01FF18" box="[883,1156,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be the smallest felid species in the world with adults approximately one-half the mass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BD99990FFBCAFED8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[984,1103,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BD99990FFBCAFED8" box="[984,1103,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Felis catus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, domestic cat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB40990FFA14FED8" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1281,1425,267,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BBE5990FFCF8FEB8" author="DMOCH, R." pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BA5E992FFB3CFEB8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1055,1209,299,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults have a mean weight of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BD26994FFC28FE98" box="[871,941,331,354]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="kg" value="1.1">1.1 kg</quantity>
|
||
for females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA02994FFBD5FE98" box="[1091,1104,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BA80994FFA83FE98" box="[1217,1286,331,354]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="kg" value="1.6">1.6 kg</quantity>
|
||
for males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BBC9994FFA10FE98" box="[1416,1429,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5), as measured from specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BAE0996FFA68FE78" authority="(Phillips 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1185,1517,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BAE0996FFAB3FE78" box="[1185,1334,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB0F996FFA66FE78" author="PHILLIPS, W. W. A." box="[1358,1507,363,386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7286" refString="PHILLIPS, W. W. A. 1935. Manual of the mammals of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, Dulau and Company, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1935">Phillips 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas adult domestic cats average
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BA92998FFA93FE58" box="[1235,1302,395,418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="kg" value="2.7">2.7 kg</quantity>
|
||
for females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BBE4998FFA37FE58" box="[1445,1458,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 34) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BD3A99AFFC41FE38" box="[891,964,427,450]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="kg" value="3.8">3.8 kg</quantity>
|
||
for males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA1099AFFBDBFE38" box="[1105,1118,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 63––
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BAFD99AFFAE5FE38" author="EBERHARD, T." box="[1212,1376,427,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="284 - 286" refId="ref6474" refString="EBERHARD, T. 1954. Food habits of Pennsylvania house cats. The Journal of Wildlife Management 18: 284 - 286." type="journal article" year="1954">Eberhard 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Head-body length of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BDFA99CFFBDFFE18" box="[955,1114,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BDFA99CFFBDFFE18" box="[955,1114,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BAC799CFFA98FE18" box="[1158,1309,459,482]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="415.0" valueMax="480.0" valueMin="350.0">350–480 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and tail length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BD0999EFFC5FFDF8" box="[840,986,491,514]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="225.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="150.0">150–300 mm</quantity>
|
||
, for a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BA8499EFFAD1FDF8" box="[1221,1364,491,514]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="640.0" valueMax="780.0" valueMin="500.0">500–780 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BD099A0FFC67FDD8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[840,994,523,546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BACF9A0FFAA9FDD8" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1166,1324,523,546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the average adult hind foot measurement is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BA1E9A2FFB3BFDB8" box="[1119,1214,555,578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="88.5">88.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA8F9A2FFB5EFDB8" box="[1230,1243,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14). The small rounded ears of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BDDB9A4FFBB1FD98" box="[922,1076,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BDDB9A4FFBB1FD98" box="[922,1076,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
average
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBBB113BAD69A4FFB62FD98" box="[1175,1255,587,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, as measured from three specimens in the British Museum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBBB112BA709AB9FA66F98F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFBBB112BA709AB9FA66F98F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB113BA709AB9FA8CFD2D" blockId="2.[1073,1289,701,727]" box="[1073,1289,701,727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBBB113BA709AB9FA8CFD2D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,701,727]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA709AB9FA8CFD2D" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,701,727]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB113BD329B05FBD5FA62" blockId="2.[840,1524,769,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BD329B05FBFAFCE2" box="[883,1151,769,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BD329B05FBFAFCE2" box="[883,1151,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the Indian subcontinent and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BDEA9B25FB90FCC2" box="[939,1045,801,824]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BA649B25FB2AFCC2" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1061,1199,801,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB109B25FA6EFCC2" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1361,1515,801,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A0EFFBBB113BD099B45FC02FCA2" box="[840,903,833,856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[108,143,1350,1371]" captionTargetBox="[335,1297,201,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-275@3.[334,1297,200,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Prionailurus rubiginosus; subspecies are P. r. koladivius in light gray, P. r. phillipsi in cross-hatch, and P. r. rubiginosus in dark gray. Borders between P. r. phillipsi and P. r. koladivius are conjectural. Map generated by K. Petter based on Kitchener et al. (2017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573628/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits both humid and wet or dry deciduous forests as well as scrub and grassland, but it is likely absent from evergreen forests because it prefers dense vegetation and rocky areas (Nowell and Jackson 1996; Kittle and Watson 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB329BA5FA66FC42" author="PATEL, K." box="[1395,1507,929,952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref7202" refString="PATEL, K. 2006. Observations of rusty-spotted cat in eastern Gujurat. Cat News 45: 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="2006">Patel 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BD099BC5FC63FC22" box="[840,998,961,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BD099BC5FC63FC22" box="[840,998,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally believed to be confined to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BB929BC5FC0EFC02" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a small portion of southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BB5D9BE5FAD6FC02" box="[1308,1363,993,1016]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB229BE5FA6EFC02" author="WEIGEL, I." box="[1379,1515,993,1016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7806" refString="WEIGEL, I. 1972. Small felids and clouded leopards. Pp. 281 - 332 in Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia, vol. 12, Mammals III (H. C. B. Grzimek ed.). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York." type="book" year="1972">Weigel 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BD099C05FC7AFBE2" author="GUGGISBERG, C. A. W." box="[840,1023,1025,1048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref6658" refString="GUGGISBERG, C. A. W. 1975. Wild cats of the world. Taplinger Publishing Company, New York." type="book" year="1975">Guggisberg 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BA4C9C05FB29FBE2" author="STERNDALE, R. A." box="[1037,1196,1025,1048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7627" refString="STERNDALE, R. A. 1884. Natural history of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon. Thacker, Spink, & Co., Calcutta, India." type="book" year="1884">Sterndale 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but more recent research and sightings have established its presence throughout most of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BBFD9C25FA76FBC2" box="[1468,1523,1057,1080]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Nowell and Jackson 1996; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB479C45FA25FBA2" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1286,1440,1089,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in Nepal’s Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and Bardiya National Park (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BDCB9C85FB0DFB62" author="LAMICHHANE, B. R." box="[906,1160,1153,1176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref6972" refString="LAMICHHANE, B. R., ET AL. 2016. Rusty-spotted cat: 12 th cat species discovered in western Terai of Nepal. Cat News 64: 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="2016">Lamichhane et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly, the distribution of the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BDA89CA5FBF4FB42" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1001,1137,1185,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BDA89CA5FBF4FB42" box="[1001,1137,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BAE79CA5FAC1FB42" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1956" box="[1190,1348,1185,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BAE79CA5FAC1FB42" box="[1190,1348,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BD099CC5FC33FB22" box="[840,950,1217,1240]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BA669CC5FB5EFB22" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1063,1243,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA669CC5FB5EFB22" box="[1063,1243,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed throughout most of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BDE99CE5FC5AFB02" box="[936,991,1249,1272]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BDB39CE5FB04FB02" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1010,1153,1249,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BAD29CE5FAE4FB02" author="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P." box="[1171,1377,1249,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="113 - 114" refId="ref6386" refString="DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P. 1956. A new subspecies of rusty spotted cat from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 28: 113 - 114." type="journal article" year="1956">Deraniyagala 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nowell and Jackson 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BDAF9D05FBF9FAE2" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1006,1148,1281,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Khan and Mukherjee 2008;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A0EFFBBB113BB899D05FCD0FAC2" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[108,143,1350,1371]" captionTargetBox="[335,1297,201,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-275@3.[334,1297,200,1337]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Prionailurus rubiginosus; subspecies are P. r. koladivius in light gray, P. r. phillipsi in cross-hatch, and P. r. rubiginosus in dark gray. Borders between P. r. phillipsi and P. r. koladivius are conjectural. Map generated by K. Petter based on Kitchener et al. (2017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573628/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the western region of Nepal’s Terai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB759D25FCF8FAA2" author="LAMICHHANE, B. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref6972" refString="LAMICHHANE, B. R., ET AL. 2016. Rusty-spotted cat: 12 th cat species discovered in western Terai of Nepal. Cat News 64: 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="2016">Lamichhane et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Kittle and Watson (2004) observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BB549D45FA18FAA2" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1301,1437,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BB549D45FA18FAA2" box="[1301,1437,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outside of Yala National Park in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BA129D65FB38FA82" box="[1107,1213,1377,1400]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
in addition to a possible hybrid with a domestic cat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB113BD329DA5FC74F922" blockId="2.[840,1524,769,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
In the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BA519DA5FB14FA42" box="[1040,1169,1441,1464]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BADF9DA5FB52FA42" box="[1182,1239,1441,1464]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BAA29DA5FA16FA42" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1251,1427,1441,1464]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BAA29DA5FA16FA42" box="[1251,1427,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the Varushanad Valley in the southern region of the Western Ghats, a noted biodiversity hotspot (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BA9B9DE5FAD2FA02" author="PILLAY, R." box="[1242,1367,1505,1528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its presence has also been well documented in the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, as well as in the Nellore district, and throughout the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BD929E45FB06F9A2" box="[979,1155,1601,1624]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BAD99E45FAA0F9A2" author="BEHERA, S." box="[1176,1317,1601,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="19" refId="ref6263" refString="BEHERA, S. 2008. Rusty-spotted cat in Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve. Cat News 48: 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Behera 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, its presence is known from the Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary among other areas in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BA229E85FB54F962" box="[1123,1233,1665,1688]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Kumara and Singh 2005) and from areas in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BAC99EA5FB49F942" box="[1160,1228,1697,1720]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Orissa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BA9C9EA5FADDF942" author="PRATER, S. H." box="[1245,1368,1697,1720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7410" refString="PRATER, S. H. 1998. The book of Indian animals. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India." type="book" year="1998">Prater 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BD099EC5FC64F922" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[840,993,1729,1752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB112BD329EE5FEF9F9EF" blockId="2.[840,1524,769,1944]" lastBlockId="3.[109,793,1470,1941]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Camera traps first documented
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BA979EE5FAF2F902" box="[1238,1399,1761,1784]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BA979EE5FB63F902" box="[1238,1254,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BAB89EE5FAF2F902" box="[1273,1399,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBBB113BD099F05FCFAF8E2" box="[840,895,1793,1816]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
at the Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BB5A9F05FA6EF8E2" author="ANWAR, M. & H. KUMAR & J. VATTAKAVAN" box="[1307,1515,1793,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref6181" refString="ANWAR, M., H. KUMAR, AND J. VATTAKAVAN. 2010. Range extension of rusty-spotted cat to the Indian Terai. Cat News 53: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Anwar et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BD099F25FC45F8C2" author="PATEL, K." box="[840,960,1825,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7224" refString="PATEL, K. 2010. New distribution record data for rusty-spotted cat from Central India. Cat News 53: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Patel 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and later in the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBBB113BD109F45FC50F8A2" author="DUBEY, Y." box="[849,981,1857,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" pagination="310" refId="ref6445" refString="DUBEY, Y. 1999. Sighting of rusty-spotted cat in Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 96: 310." type="journal article" year="1999">Dubey 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); both areas are in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BB719F45FA29F8A2" box="[1328,1452,1857,1880]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Maharastra</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Since then, sightings in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBBB113BA3F9F65FB73F882" box="[1150,1270,1889,1912]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Maharastra</collectingRegion>
|
||
have increased notably. Moreover, researchers have identified a breeding population in western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BEA89DBAFEE1FA2F" box="[233,356,1470,1493]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Maharastra</collectingRegion>
|
||
, an area with human and agriculturally dominated landscapes, where high rodent densities have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BE9B9DFAFEEEF9EF" author="ATHREYA, V." box="[218,363,1534,1557]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="27" refId="ref6215" refString="ATHREYA, V. 2010. Rusty-spotted cat more common than we think? Cat News 53: 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Athreya 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316603FFBBB113BE2C9EF4FD4CF881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573626" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" startId="2.[109,144,1776,1797]" targetBox="[115,787,200,1763]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBBB113BE2C9EF4FD4CF881" blockId="2.[109,792,1776,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BE2C9EF4FF43F8FF" bold="true" box="[109,198,1776,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2.—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBBB113BF119F0AFDC3F8D9" box="[336,582,1806,1827]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBBB113BF119F0AFDC3F8D9" box="[336,582,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sri Lanka National Museum of Natural History registration number 38) from Katagamuwa southern province, 5.09.1933. Photo courtesy of the Sri Lanka National Museum of Natural History. Greatest length of skull is 61 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF316603FFBAB112BE2D9D42FF36FA6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573628/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" startId="3.[108,143,1350,1371]" targetBox="[335,1297,201,1337]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBAB112BE2D9D42FF36FA6C" blockId="3.[108,1523,1350,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BE2D9D42FF41FAA1" bold="true" box="[108,196,1350,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 3.—</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BF8D9D43FD3AFAA6" box="[460,703,1351,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BF8D9D43FD3AFAA6" box="[460,703,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; subspecies are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BD219D43FC73FAA6" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1956" box="[864,1014,1350,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BD219D43FCEAFAA6" box="[864,879,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BD3C9D43FC03FAA6" box="[893,902,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">r</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BDD59D43FC73FAA6" box="[916,1014,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in light gray,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BAC09D43FA87FAA6" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1153,1282,1350,1372]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BAC09D43FB15FAA6" box="[1153,1168,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BADC9D43FB23FAA6" box="[1181,1190,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">r</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BAF29D43FA87FAA6" box="[1203,1282,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in cross-hatch, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BB869D43FF5BFA83" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BB869D43FA53FAA6" box="[1479,1494,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BBA29D43FA69FAA6" box="[1507,1516,1351,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">r</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BE2C9D60FF5BFA83" box="[109,222,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dark gray. Borders between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BC509D60FD09FA83" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[529,652,1380,1401]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BC509D60FD09FA83" box="[529,652,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BCFD9D60FCCFFA83" authorityName="Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1956" box="[700,842,1380,1401]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="koladivius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BCFD9D60FCCFFA83" box="[700,842,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P. r. koladivius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conjectural. Map generated by K. Petter based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BB1C9D60FF2BFA6C" author="KITCHENER, A. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="158" refId="ref6849" refString="KITCHENER, A. C., ET AL. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp." type="book" year="2017">Kitchener et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBAB112BED99E1AFDFCF90F" blockId="3.[109,793,1470,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BED99E1AFE2BF9CF" box="[152,430,1566,1589]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BED99E1AFE2BF9CF" box="[152,430,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in the Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BF8C9E3AFDDCF9AF" author="PATHAK, B. J." box="[461,601,1598,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="445" refId="ref7249" refString="PATHAK, B. J. 1990. Rusty spotted cat Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy: a new record for Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87: 445." type="journal article" year="1990">Pathak 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BE2C9E5AFF45F98F" box="[109,192,1630,1653]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
, its southern part (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BFD99E5AFD93F98F" author="SINGH, D." box="[408,534,1630,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="200" refId="ref7569" refString="SINGH, D. 1987. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat (Felis rubiginosa). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 84: 200." type="journal article" year="1987">Singh 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BE2C9E7AFF38F96F" box="[109,189,1662,1685]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BE909E7AFEC0F96F" author="PATEL, K." box="[209,325,1662,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref7202" refString="PATEL, K. 2006. Observations of rusty-spotted cat in eastern Gujurat. Cat News 45: 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="2006">Patel 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species also occurs in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BE2C9E9AFEA0F94F" box="[109,293,1694,1717]" country="India" name="Madhya Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Madhya Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BF259E9AFE48F94F" box="[356,461,1694,1717]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BFA39E9AFD12F94F" author="MUKHERJEE, S." box="[482,663,1694,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="5 - 13" refId="ref7065" refString="MUKHERJEE, S. 1998. Cats: some large, many small. ENVIS Wildlife and Protected Areas 1: 5 - 13." type="journal article" year="1998">Mukherjee 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BCEB9E9AFF58F92F" author="BHATNAGER, R. & V. S. RANA & S. K. SHARMA" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="8" refId="ref6283" refString="BHATNAGER, R., V. S. RANA, AND S. K. SHARMA. 2000. The occurrence of rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) near Thur-Magra Forest Block in Udaipur City, Rajasthan. Zoos' Print 15: 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Bhatnager et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and additional observations indicate its presence on the east coast (Manakadan and Sivakumar 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBAB112BED99EFAFA66F98F" blockId="3.[109,793,1470,1941]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1523,1470,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Sightings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BF629EFAFE45F8EF" box="[291,448,1790,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BF629EFAFEB6F8EF" box="[291,307,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BF039EFAFE45F8EF" box="[322,448,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pilibhit Tiger Reserve in the Indian Terai region of the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BC4C9F1AFD25F8CF" box="[525,672,1822,1845]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
were once thought to represent the northernmost extent of its range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BC919F3AFF5DF88F" author="ANWAR, M. & H. KUMAR & J. VATTAKAVAN" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref6181" refString="ANWAR, M., H. KUMAR, AND J. VATTAKAVAN. 2010. Range extension of rusty-spotted cat to the Indian Terai. Cat News 53: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Anwar et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but more recently camera traps have detected its presence in the Corbett Tiger Reserve in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BFBD9F7AFD06F86F" box="[508,643,1918,1941]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Additionally, reports of sightings in the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF869FFBAB112BA959DBAFA32FA2F" box="[1236,1463,1470,1493]" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
|
||
have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BA419DDAFB00FA0F" author="PRATER, S. H." box="[1024,1157,1502,1525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" refId="ref7410" refString="PRATER, S. H. 1998. The book of Indian animals. Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India." type="book" year="1998">Prater 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BB019DDAFA66FA0F" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1344,1507,1502,1525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), indicating that its distribution extends even farther north than formerly suspected. However, the contiguity of its distribution remains unknown due to a lack of information on habitat preferences (Nowell and Jackson 1996). No fossils are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBAB115BDBD9EBDFEF2FBF8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFBAB115BDBD9EBDFEF2FBF8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBAB112BDBD9EBDFABBF929" blockId="3.[1020,1342,1721,1747]" box="[1020,1342,1721,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBAB112BDBD9EBDFABBF929" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1721,1747]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BDBD9EBDFABBF929" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1721,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBAB115BD329EF9FF36FE98" blockId="3.[840,1523,1789,1940]" lastBlockId="4.[109,793,203,1026]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
The low-set rounded ears of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BAF69EF9FA4DF8EE" box="[1207,1480,1789,1812]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BAF69EF9FA4DF8EE" box="[1207,1480,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small in relation to the head (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBAB112BAC79F19FA94F8CE" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1158,1297,1821,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As with other felid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBAB112BDE79F39FBC4F8AE" box="[934,1089,1853,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBAB112BDE79F39FBC4F8AE" box="[934,1089,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sharp, strongly curved, and retractile claws. Its short rostrum has wide postorbital and zygomatic areas to accommodate the substantial craniomandibular muscles. These muscles are responsible for the powerful bite that is typical of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BF2798EFFE3DFEF8" box="[358,440,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BC1498EFFD68FEF8" box="[597,749,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BC1498EFFD68FEF8" box="[597,749,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the archetypal cat carnassial pair of molars, which provides the shearing and cutting action of its mostly animal diet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BC93992FFF27FE98" author="SICURO, F. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="176 - 190" refId="ref7488" refString="SICURO, F. L. 2011. Evolutionary trends on extant cat skull morphology (Carnivora: Felidae): a three-dimensional geometrical approach. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 103: 176 - 190." type="journal article" year="2011">Sicuro 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED9996FFDC5FDB8" blockId="4.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
The skull has a notably short rostrum, plus the ends of the nasals curve downward and the anterior nares are in a plane nearly vertical with the maxilla-premaxillary suture. The nasals are strongly constricted posteriorly and the maxillae are laterally expanded. In adults, the orbits are completely surrounded by bone.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BEEC9A0FFEC1FDD8" box="[173,324,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BEEC9A0FFEC1FDD8" box="[173,324,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a sagittal crest and the temporal ridges form a U- or lyriform shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BFE79A2FFDB5FDB8" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[422,560,555,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED99A4FFC85FD38" blockId="4.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
The skulls of four males, one female, and one of unknown sex averaged (mm) total length 76, condylobasal length 70, zygomatic width 50, postorbital width 24, inter-orbital width 12, maxillary width 19, and mandibular length 48 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BC279AAFFD75FD38" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[614,752,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED99ACFFD8CFC58" blockId="4.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
The dental formula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BFC99ACFFDA4FD18" box="[392,545,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BFC99ACFFDA4FD18" box="[392,545,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is i 3/3, c 1/1, p 2/2, m 1/1, total 28. As a result of the evolutionarily shortened muzzle, the area immediately behind the upper canine is reduced and the first two premolars are lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BFDC9B2FFDADFCB8" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[413,552,811,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The P4/m1 form the carnassial pair, wherein the inner lobe of the upper carnassial is reduced. The P4 averages
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBDB115BFCE9B6FFE4AFC78" box="[399,463,875,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BFA09B6FFE6BFC78" box="[481,494,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6), and the m1 averages
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBDB115BE2C9B8FFF2FFC58" box="[109,170,907,930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BEFB9B8FFF42FC58" box="[186,199,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6) in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BF2E9B8FFE7CFC58" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[367,505,907,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED99BAFFEF2FBF8" blockId="4.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Published data on basic physiological aspects, such as basal metabolic rate, heart and respiration rates, or cellular processes, are virtually unavailable.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFBDB117BF399C4DFE5DFEB8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBDB114BF399C4DFEB6FD18" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BF399C4DFD8BFB99" blockId="4.[376,526,1097,1123]" box="[376,526,1097,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBDB115BF399C4DFD8BFB99" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,1097,1123]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BF399C4DFD8BFB99" bold="true" box="[376,526,1097,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED99C88FEBFF9FE" blockId="4.[109,792,1164,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BED99C88FE44FB5E" bold="true" box="[152,449,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Population characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
—Little is known of the ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BED29CA9FE28FB3E" box="[147,429,1197,1220]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BED29CA9FE28FB3E" box="[147,429,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the wild, so aspects of its ecology and behavior are inferred from captive individuals and observational reports (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BF279CE9FE70FAFE" author="DMOCH, R." box="[358,501,1261,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BC449CE9FD2DFAFE" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[517,680,1261,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BEDF9D09FEBBFADE" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[158,318,1293,1316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BF119D09FE58FADE" author="BEHERA, S." box="[336,477,1293,1316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="19" refId="ref6263" refString="BEHERA, S. 2008. Rusty-spotted cat in Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve. Cat News 48: 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Behera 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BFAE9D09FDEBFADE" author="PILLAY, R." box="[495,622,1293,1316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike many species of small felids, relatively few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BC489D29FD20FABE" box="[521,677,1325,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BC489D29FD20FABE" box="[521,677,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been held in captivity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BF749D49FE41FA9E" author="DMOCH, R." box="[309,452,1357,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BF949D49FDF2FA9E" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[469,631,1357,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BE2C9D69FE8EFA7E" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[109,267,1389,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Longevity ranges from 12 to 18 years in captivity. Males and females reach sexual maturity within their first year. Gestation is 67–71 days (mean 69 days,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BC1D9DA9FDECFA3E" box="[604,617,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22), and litter size is 1–3 kittens (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BF7E9DC9FEC9FA1E" box="[319,332,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 58—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BFDF9DC9FDAEFA1E" author="DMOCH, R." box="[414,555,1485,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see “Husbandry” for additional details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BED99E08FA05FE98" blockId="4.[109,792,1164,1924]" lastBlockId="4.[840,1523,203,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BED99E08FE96F9DE" bold="true" box="[152,275,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Space use.</emphasis>
|
||
—In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBDB115BF0F9E09FE0EF9DE" box="[334,395,1549,1572]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BFD69E09FD33F9DE" box="[407,694,1549,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BFD69E09FD33F9DE" box="[407,694,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits both wet and dry deciduous forests, scrub forests, tropical forests, grass and shrub lands, rocky areas, and hilly slopes. Sightings occur often in grassy areas, teak or bamboo forests, and arid vegetation areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BFB29E89FD00F95E" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[499,645,1677,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BCD49E89FF20F93E" author="GUGGISBERG, C. A. W." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref6658" refString="GUGGISBERG, C. A. W. 1975. Wild cats of the world. Taplinger Publishing Company, New York." type="book" year="1975">Guggisberg 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BEF49EA9FEC7F93E" author="PATHAK, B. J." box="[181,322,1709,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="445" refId="ref7249" refString="PATHAK, B. J. 1990. Rusty spotted cat Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy: a new record for Gir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87: 445." type="journal article" year="1990">Pathak 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nowell and Jackson 1996; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BE2C9EC9FE97F91E" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[109,274,1741,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but sometimes dense vegetation and rocky areas are favored (Kittle and Watson 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BC2A9EE9FD63F8FE" author="PATEL, K." box="[619,742,1773,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref7202" refString="PATEL, K. 2006. Observations of rusty-spotted cat in eastern Gujurat. Cat News 45: 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="2006">Patel 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBDB115BE2C9F09FF61F8DE" box="[109,228,1805,1828]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they are found in humid forests, in low scrub lands, on mountaintops, and in arid coastal belts ranging from sea level to elevations as high as
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBDB115BC5A9F49FDF3F89E" box="[539,630,1869,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="2100.0">2,100 m</quantity>
|
||
(Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BE2C9F69FE90F87E" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[109,277,1901,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In recent years,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BFBB9F69FD24F87E" box="[506,673,1901,1924]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BFBB9F69FD24F87E" box="[506,673,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequents human-inhabited agricultural areas as well as the attics of abandoned houses in urbanized areas. Some investigators speculate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BDAD990FFB0BFED8" box="[1004,1166,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BDAD990FFB0BFED8" box="[1004,1166,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is responding more to substantial rodent populations rather than to habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F58829FFBDB115BB1D992FFA09FEB8" box="[1372,1420,299,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(Nowell and Jackson 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BA63994FFB59FE98" author="MUKHERJEE, S." box="[1058,1244,331,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="5 - 13" refId="ref7065" refString="MUKHERJEE, S. 1998. Cats: some large, many small. ENVIS Wildlife and Protected Areas 1: 5 - 13." type="journal article" year="1998">Mukherjee 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BAAC994FFAEAFE98" author="PILLAY, R." box="[1261,1391,331,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BD32996FFB1DFCF8" blockId="4.[840,1523,203,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD32996FFC2DFE79" bold="true" box="[883,936,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Diet.</emphasis>
|
||
—Information on the diet of wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BB26996FFC4CFE58" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BB26996FFC4CFE58" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is scant. Early descriptions of diet include small mammals, birds, and possibly small lizards and frogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BBDE99AFFCFBFE18" author="PHILLIPS, W. W. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7286" refString="PHILLIPS, W. W. A. 1935. Manual of the mammals of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, Dulau and Company, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1935">Phillips 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BDD799CFFBA9FE18" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[918,1068,459,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BAA899CFFA0AFE18" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1257,1423,459,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Direct observations suggest it feeds primarily on small rodents, but one particular cat hunted frogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BAF09A0FFAA3FDD8" author="PATEL, K." box="[1201,1318,523,546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="27 - 28" refId="ref7202" refString="PATEL, K. 2006. Observations of rusty-spotted cat in eastern Gujurat. Cat News 45: 27 - 28." type="journal article" year="2006">Patel 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hunting activity tends to increase after heavy rains, which is likely the direct result of a corresponding increase in the activity of rodents, their primary prey, and of frogs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BAC19A6FFA82FD78" author="WORAH, S." box="[1152,1287,619,642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7895" refString="WORAH, S. 1991. The ecology and management of a fragmented forest in south Gujarat, India: the Dangs. Ph. D. thesis, University of Pune, Pune, India." type="book" year="1991">Worah 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe 2001). They also prey on domestic fowl (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BBDE9A8FFCFBFD38" author="PHILLIPS, W. W. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7286" refString="PHILLIPS, W. W. A. 1935. Manual of the mammals of Ceylon. Ceylon Journal of Science, Dulau and Company, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1935">Phillips 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BDD19AAFFB9AFD38" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[912,1055,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7373" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1939. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia - Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1939">Pocock 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BA8B9AAFFAECFD38" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1226,1385,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has resulted in their persecution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BAC99ACFFA81FD18" author="PILLAY, R." box="[1160,1284,715,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see “Husbandry” for further details on captive diet).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BD329B0FFADAF9B8" blockId="4.[840,1523,203,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD329B0FFB0CFCD9" bold="true" box="[883,1161,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Diseases and parasites.</emphasis>
|
||
—Information on diseases and disease transmission, illness and infection, and parasitism is drawn exclusively from captive animals and from a handful of necropsied wild animals. Feral domestic cats transmit diseases to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BD229B8FFC0DFC38" authority="(Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD229B8FFBF3FC58" box="[867,1142,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe 2001)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specifically feline enteritis (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BBD29BAFFCFBFC18" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), panleucopaenia, pneumonia, pseudo-tuberculosis, and bone-marrow disease (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BA3D9BEFFA8BFBF8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1148,1294,1003,1026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some zoos vaccinate their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BDFE9C0FFBE5FBD8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[959,1120,1035,1058]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BDFE9C0FFBE5FBD8" box="[959,1120,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for calicivirus and herpes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BBE29C0FFCFBFBB8" author="DMOCH, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Over the course of several decades,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BB709C2FFA56FBB8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1329,1491,1067,1090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the Frankfurt Zoo (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBDB115BA5D9C4FFB01FB98" box="[1052,1156,1099,1122]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
) recorded 13 cases of adult mortality and their causes, as follows: three from nephritis and one each of foreign bodies, food aspiration, gastro-intestinal inflammation, gastritis, rhinitis, uterus rupture, pneumonia, acute hepatitis, pseudo-tuberculosis, and hypernatremia amyloidosis. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BA1B9CEFFB79FAF8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1114,1276,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BA1B9CEFFB79FAF8" box="[1114,1276,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly susceptible to parasites. Round worms in the stomach and intestines of a necropsied wild kitten suggested that the severe congestion and hemorrhages in the intestines were linked to the heavy worm infestation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BA1A9D6FFB79FA78" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[1115,1276,1387,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On examination, the feces contained large numbers of eggs of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BB609D8FFA69FA58" box="[1313,1516,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Toxoscaris leonini</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BD099DAFFC29FA38" authorityName="Roederer" authorityYear="1761" box="[840,940,1451,1474]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichinellidae" genus="Trichuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD099DAFFC29FA38" box="[840,940,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Trichuris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BDAE9DAFFB0CFA38" authorityName="Pruner" authorityYear="1847" box="[1007,1161,1451,1474]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Anchylostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BDAE9DAFFB0CFA38" box="[1007,1161,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Anchylostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, liver, spleen, and lung tissue samples revealed the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BB019DCFFA52FA18" box="[1344,1495,1483,1506]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Pseudomonadaceae" genus="Pseudomonas" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Pseudomonadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BB019DCFFA52FA18" box="[1344,1495,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pseudomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a bacterium. Infestations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BA289DEFFB5CF9F8" box="[1129,1241,1515,1538]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Uncinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BA289DEFFB5CF9F8" box="[1129,1241,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Uncinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BAA69DEFFAC9F9F8" authorityName="Stiles" authorityYear="1905" box="[1255,1356,1515,1538]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Toxocara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BAA69DEFFAC9F9F8" box="[1255,1356,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Toxocara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BB1A9DEFFA38F9F8" authorityName="Leuckart" authorityYear="1879" box="[1371,1469,1515,1538]" class="Sporozoa" family="Lipotrophidae" genus="Coccidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Neogregarinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BB1A9DEFFA38F9F8" box="[1371,1469,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Coccidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BD099E0FFC38F9D8" authorityName="Leiper" authorityYear="1907" box="[840,957,1547,1570]" class="Secernentea" family="Ascarididae" genus="Toxascaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD099E0FFC38F9D8" box="[840,957,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Toxascaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were often treated at the Frankfurt Zoo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BBE29E0FFCFBF9B8" author="DMOCH, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For further information, see “Husbandry.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBDB115BD329E4FFB7AF898" blockId="4.[840,1523,203,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD329E4FFA76F998" box="[883,1523,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD329E4FFB2EF999" bold="true" box="[883,1195,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Interspecific interactions.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BA879E4FFA76F998" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1222,1523,1611,1634]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">Prionailurus rubiginosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is sympatric with other small felids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BB129E6FFA76F978" box="[1363,1523,1643,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BB129E6FFA76F978" box="[1363,1523,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BD3B9E8FFC7DF958" box="[890,1016,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BD3B9E8FFC7DF958" box="[890,1016,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Felis chaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the jungle cat, but interspecific interactions have scarcely been investigated (Nowell and Jackson 1996). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BDF49ECFFBD4F918" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[949,1105,1739,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BDF49ECFFBD4F918" box="[949,1105,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no known wild predators, because of its size it is often assumed that it is prey for larger predators. Mostly ground dwelling,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBDB115BA329F0FFA93F8D8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1139,1302,1803,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBDB115BA329F0FFA93F8D8" box="[1139,1302,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite agile and adept in trees, perhaps its primary means of escape from larger predators (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBDB115BA139F4FFB6AF898" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1106,1263,1867,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BED998CFFED8FDD8" blockId="5.[109,792,203,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BED998CFFEC5FF19" bold="true" box="[152,320,203,227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Miscellaneous.</emphasis>
|
||
—Detailed research on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BCCC98CFFF6BFEF8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BCCC98CFFF6BFEF8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grossly deficient (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF9298EFFDE5FEF8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[467,608,235,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC2E98EFFC95FEF8" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[623,784,235,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF48990FFE2CFED8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[265,425,267,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BFFD990FFDCFFED8" author="BEHERA, S." box="[444,586,267,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="19" refId="ref6263" refString="BEHERA, S. 2008. Rusty-spotted cat in Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve. Cat News 48: 19." type="journal article" year="2008">Behera 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC1D990FFD58FED8" author="PILLAY, R." box="[604,733,267,290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and therefore standard methods of capture, marking, tracking, recording, censusing, or sampling are virtually lacking. Camera traps, used to document much of its known range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BCCD996FFC95FE78" author="DUBEY, Y." box="[652,784,363,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="310" refId="ref6445" refString="DUBEY, Y. 1999. Sighting of rusty-spotted cat in Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 96: 310." type="journal article" year="1999">Dubey 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BE2C998FFEBEFE58" author="ANWAR, M. & H. KUMAR & J. VATTAKAVAN" box="[109,315,395,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref6181" refString="ANWAR, M., H. KUMAR, AND J. VATTAKAVAN. 2010. Range extension of rusty-spotted cat to the Indian Terai. Cat News 53: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Anwar et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF0F998FFE41FE58" author="PATEL, K." box="[334,452,395,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7224" refString="PATEL, K. 2010. New distribution record data for rusty-spotted cat from Central India. Cat News 53: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Patel 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometimes capture the variable stripe patterns along the inner sides of limbs, making it possible to identify individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BFB199CFFC8DFE18" author="LAMICHHANE, B. R." box="[496,776,459,482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref6972" refString="LAMICHHANE, B. R., ET AL. 2016. Rusty-spotted cat: 12 th cat species discovered in western Terai of Nepal. Cat News 64: 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="2016">Lamichhane et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, such coat variation is not always visible or captured with camera trapping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BED99A2FFEB6FD18" blockId="5.[109,792,203,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BED99A2FFE2CFDB8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[152,425,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BED99A2FFE2CFDB8" box="[152,425,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily domesticated yet rarely held in captivity (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF919A4FFDE8FD98" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[464,621,587,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accounts describe them as graceful and agile, superbly vicious hunters relative to their size, and expressive, playful, and affectionate toward their human owners (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF139AAFFE50FD38" author="JERDON, T. C." box="[338,469,683,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref6725" refString="JERDON, T. C. 1874. The mammals of India: a natural history of all the animals known to inhabit continental India. John Wheldon, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1874">Jerdon 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC369AAFFC95FD38" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[631,784,683,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see “Husbandry”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBCB117BF269B22FE5DFEB8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BF269B22FD9AFCBA" blockId="5.[359,543,806,832]" box="[359,543,806,832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBCB114BF269B22FD9AFCBA" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[359,543,806,832]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BF269B22FD9AFCBA" bold="true" box="[359,543,806,832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">HUSBANDRY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BED99B6EFEDBF9BB" blockId="5.[109,792,874,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BED99B6EFE2FFC7B" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[152,426,874,897]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BED99B6EFE2FFC7B" box="[152,426,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rarely held in zoos, and currently the Frankfurt, Cincinnati (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBCB114BF889B8EFD86FC5B" box="[457,515,906,929]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Port Lympne (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBCB114BCEF9B8EFC89FC5B" box="[686,780,906,929]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and Colombo (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBCB114BF529BAEFE04FC3B" box="[275,385,938,961]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
) zoos host the majority of the small captive population (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF939BCEFDEEFC1B" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[466,619,970,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC389BCEFF27FBFB" author="JAYARATNE, C. & P. K. P. PERERA & P. N. DAYAWANSA" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref6681" refString="JAYARATNE, C., P. K. P. PERERA, AND P. N. DAYAWANSA. 2015. A preliminary investigation of the behavior of rusty spotted cats Prionailurus rubiginosus in captivity. Wildlanka 3: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2015">Jayaratne et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with all animals originating from the founding pair at the Frankfurt Zoo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF579C0EFE24FBDB" author="DMOCH, R." box="[278,417,1034,1057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These felines do not fare well in captivity if not immediately vaccinated after capture or arrival because they are prone to contracting a host of diseases, such as feline enteritis (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BFF49C6EFDD4FB7B" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[437,593,1130,1153]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), panleucopaenia, pneumonia, pseudo-tuberculosis, and bone-marrow disease (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BE379CAEFE86FB3B" author="DMOCH, R." box="[118,259,1194,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite its susceptibility to disease, those held in captivity can have high longevity, with the longest lifespan recorded at 18 years in the Frankfurt Zoo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC569CEEFD24FAFB" author="DMOCH, R." box="[535,673,1258,1281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Breeding has ceased at the Frankfurt and Cincinnati zoos, probably due to the effects of inbreeding depression. To ensure the future of captive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BEA59D4EFEFAFA9B" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[228,383,1354,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BEA59D4EFEFAFA9B" box="[228,383,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new founder animals from the wild are required to restore genetic diversity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC709D6EFD3BFA7B" author="DMOCH, R." box="[561,702,1386,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Frankfurt Zoo, kittens are vaccinated against panleucopaenia with Felidovac P, and annual vaccination is needed to prevent this condition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF5E9DCEFE37FA1B" author="DMOCH, R." box="[287,434,1482,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Wild kittens taken into captivity need immediate treatment for intestinal parasites, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BE2C9E0EFEE7F9DB" authority=", Toxoscaris" authorityName="Toxoscaris" box="[109,354,1546,1569]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Uncinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BE2C9E0EFF5EF9DB" box="[109,219,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Uncinaria</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BEAE9E0EFEE7F9DB" box="[239,354,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Toxoscaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BF349E0EFE53F9DB" authorityName="Roederer" authorityYear="1761" box="[373,470,1546,1569]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichinellidae" genus="Trichuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BF349E0EFE53F9DB" box="[373,470,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Trichuris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BC5C9E0EFD31F9DB" authorityName="Pruner" authorityYear="1847" box="[541,692,1546,1569]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Anchylostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BC5C9E0EFD31F9DB" box="[541,692,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Anchylostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC889E0EFF27F9BB" author="DMOCH, R." pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BEF09E2EFECBF9BB" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[177,334,1578,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BED99E4EFBDCFE58" blockId="5.[109,792,874,1953]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1523,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BF469E4EFE31F99B" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[263,436,1610,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BF469E4EFE92F99B" box="[263,279,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BF709E4EFE31F99B" box="[305,436,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally believed to be strictly nocturnal based on reported sightings in the wild only occurring at night, dawn, or dusk, captive animals are kept on a similar light regime. At the Frankfurt Zoo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BC369EAEFC9DF93B" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[631,792,1706,1729]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BC369EAEFC9DF93B" box="[631,792,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is housed in the nocturnal section, and the reversed lighting conditions are set to mimic seasonal variation in day length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BE369F0EFE82F8DB" author="DMOCH, R." box="[119,263,1802,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Observations of captive animals indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BE2C9F2EFE8EF8BB" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[109,267,1834,1857]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BE2C9F2EFE8EF8BB" box="[109,267,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not be strictly nocturnal, but this may be a captive behavior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BF759F4EFE46F89B" author="DMOCH, R." box="[308,451,1866,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BC299F4EFC82F89B" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[616,775,1866,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on observations of six individuals in non-exhibit enclosures at the National Zoological Gardens in Dehiwala,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBCB114BD0998CFFC39FF18" box="[840,956,203,226]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BD8D98CFFBEAFF18" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[972,1135,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BD8D98CFFBEAFF18" box="[972,1135,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to be most active between the hours of 1800 to 2000 (Javaratne et al. 2015). However, these authors discussed the difficulties of comparing the behaviors of wild and captive animals. The original enclosure at Frankfurt Zoo consisted of a forest display with a soil substrate, a range of climbing options, and a number of sleeping boxes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BDD8998FFBCDFE58" author="SCHERPNER, C." box="[921,1096,395,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="276 - 287" refId="ref7463" refString="SCHERPNER, C. 1982. The Grzimek House for small mammals at Frankfurt zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 22: 276 - 287." type="journal article" year="1982">Scherpner 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BD3299AFFC15FC38" blockId="5.[840,1523,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Very young kittens in captivity are fed pasteurized lukewarm milk through a sterile feeding bottle, usually every 2 h during the day and every 4 h at night (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BB7A99EFFA67FDF8" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[1339,1506,491,514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Older kittens brought to the Frankfurt Zoo were reared on a diet of minced beef muscle and heart, protein-rich mash, and mice and rats, and they mostly declined eating day-old chicks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BD109A6FFC5AFD78" author="DMOCH, R." box="[849,991,619,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The daily diet of captive adults, as recorded by the Frankfurt Zoo, usually consists of large chunks and small strips of beef muscle and heart (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBCB114BA9E9AAFFAA5FD38" box="[1247,1312,683,706]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="100.0">100 g</quantity>
|
||
), 2-day-old chicks (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBCB114BD389ACFFC29FD18" box="[889,940,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="40.0">40 g</quantity>
|
||
), one mouse (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBCB114BA309ACFFB21FD18" box="[1137,1188,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="30.0">30 g</quantity>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBCB114BAA89ACFFAA2FD18" box="[1257,1319,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 g</quantity>
|
||
of scraped carrot, apple, boiled egg, and cooked rice, and sometimes germinated wheat, fish, and banana too (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BADA9B0FFAABFCD8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1179,1326,779,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, a mineral supplement was provided daily and multi-vitamins, such as vitamin B complex and vitamin K, were supplied one to two times per week (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BA189B6FFB6EFC78" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1113,1259,875,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults eat more than 6% of their body weight each day (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BBD39B8FFCFAFC38" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB114BD329BCFFBCEF918" blockId="5.[840,1523,203,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Most ontogenetic and reproductive information for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BD099BEFFBEAFBF8" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[840,1135,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BD099BEFFBEAFBF8" box="[840,1135,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from captive breeding programs in zoos (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BA979C0FFAFBFBD8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1238,1406,1035,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In captivity, both sexes reach sexual maturity within their first year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BD109C4FFC61FB98" author="DMOCH, R." box="[849,996,1099,1122]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBCB114BA309C4FFA96FB98" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1137,1299,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BA309C4FFA96FB98" box="[1137,1299,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
breeds year round, about 50% of young are born between July and October, yet there is insufficient evidence to solely suggest seasonal breeding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BDF89CAFFBC3FB38" author="DMOCH, R." box="[953,1094,1195,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BAA89CAFFA02FB38" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1257,1415,1195,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Captive animals begin mating activity anywhere from 1 to 72 days after first introduction, a mean of 7–8 days to first copulation, and 49% of the time mating occurred within 4 days of introductions. There is no relationship between the first time of mating and the age of the female, the time elapsed from weaning a previous litter, the distinguishing characteristics of the male, or the season (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BA219D8FFB74FA58" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1120,1265,1419,1442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Estrus lasts approximately 5 days, and, as in other small felids, mating includes the typical nape bite and straddling (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BBD39DCFFCFAF9F8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males mount on average 7.64 times per hour; however, copulation is unusually brief, lasting just under a minute (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BDB19E2FFB16F9B8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1008,1171,1579,1602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is assumed that shortened periods of receptivity and swift copulations may be one way for small felids to reduce their vulnerability to predation (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BDA89E8FFB0DF958" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1001,1160,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Frankfurt Zoo determined that mating activity ranged from 1 to 11 days (mean 5–7 days,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBCB114BD099ECFFCD0F918" box="[840,853,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 49—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BDEA9ECFFBBFF918" author="DMOCH, R." box="[939,1082,1739,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBCB117BD329EEFFE5DFEB8" blockId="5.[840,1523,203,1954]" lastBlockId="6.[109,792,203,322]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Females consistently selected birthing boxes on the ground rather than those at higher locations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BAB49F0FFA00F8D8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1269,1413,1803,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Captive females give birth in seclusion to one or two kittens (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BD369F4FFB97F898" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[887,1042,1867,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or very rarely three kittens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BB169F4FFA66F898" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1367,1507,1867,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In captivity, neonates weigh
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBCB114BAC89F6FFB66F878" box="[1161,1251,1899,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60–70 g</quantity>
|
||
and are blind (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBCB114BD369F8FFB96F858" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[887,1043,1931,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Young emerge from their birthing box for the first time after 28–32 days, having already developed full mobility and locomotory skills (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BFA198EFFDF4FEF8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[480,625,235,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, weaning begins at days 35–40, although a 60-day-old cub was observed suckling (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BF7F992FFE4DFEB8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[318,456,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBFB117BF369979FD28FAA2" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFBFB117BF369979FD28FAA2" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BF369979FD8AFE6D" blockId="6.[375,527,381,407]" box="[375,527,381,407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBFB117BF369979FD8AFE6D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[375,527,381,407]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BF369979FD8AFE6D" bold="true" box="[375,527,381,407]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BED999C5FE71FD22" blockId="6.[109,793,449,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The diploid number (2n) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BC4199C5FC9DFE22" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[512,792,449,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BC4199C5FC9DFE22" box="[512,792,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 38. Autosomal chromosomes include 12 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 8 acrocentric, and 2 telocentric. The X is a submetacentric chromosome, but the Y is not yet documented. Despite similarities to other felid species, subtle variations in the D and F chromosomal groups set it apart (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BC699A65FC95FD82" author="CENTERWALL, W. R. & D. H. WURSTER-HILL & E. J. MARUSKA & L. W. KRAMER" box="[552,784,609,632]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref6328" refString="CENTERWALL, W. R., D. H. WURSTER-HILL, E. J. MARUSKA, AND L. W. KRAMER. 1983. Chromosome identification of the rusty-spotted" type="book" year="1983">Centerwall et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BE2C9A85FF77FD62" author="EROGLU, H. E." box="[109,242,640,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref6498" refString="EROGLU, H. E. 2017. The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry / asymmetry index (S / A). Punjab University Journal of 1" type="journal volume" year="2017">Eroğlu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BCB69A85FC82FD62" box="[759,775,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="17CA34CEFFBFB117BD469A94FC8AFD64" attach="left" box="[775,783,656,670]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">1</subScript>
|
||
) formula gives an index value of 2.0000 for females, indicating a symmetric karyotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BF1E9AC5FE61FD22" author="EROGLU, H. E." box="[351,484,704,728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref6498" refString="EROGLU, H. E. 2017. The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry / asymmetry index (S / A). Punjab University Journal of 1" type="journal volume" year="2017">Eroğlu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BED99AE5FC9CFBA2" blockId="6.[109,793,449,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
The phylogenetic relationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BC0D9AE5FD1EFD02" box="[588,667,737,760]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been a source of great contention for over a century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BCC29B05FC95FCE2" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[643,784,769,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="332 - 339" refId="ref7343" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1917. The classification of existing Felidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8 20: 332 - 339." type="journal article" year="1917">Pocock 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BF409B25FE1EFCC2" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[257,411,801,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, recent genetic analyses confirm the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BFC09B45FE7AFCA2" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[385,511,833,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BFC09B45FE7AFCA2" box="[385,511,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BCD19B45FC9DFCA2" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[656,792,833,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BCD19B45FC9DFCA2" box="[656,792,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Johnsen et al. 2006; O’Brien and Johnson 2007), which is contrary to the suggestions of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BFCC9B85FDD2FC62" author="WOZENCRAFT, W. C." box="[397,599,897,920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7932" refString="WOZENCRAFT, W. C. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 542 - 544 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 3 rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Wozencraft (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BE2C9BA5FE9DFC42" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[109,280,929,952]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, investigators who considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BC219BA5FD5BFC42" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[608,734,929,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BC219BA5FD5BFC42" box="[608,734,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be incertae sedis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BF639BC5FE2FFC22" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[290,426,961,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BF639BC5FE2FFC22" box="[290,426,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Prionailurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Genetic analyses on the modernday
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BEE19BE5FF74FC02" box="[160,241,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and DNA sequencing from autosomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNA, revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BFC39C25FD99FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[386,540,1057,1080]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BFC39C25FD99FBC2" box="[386,540,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a certain member of the leopard cat lineage, one of the most recently derived lineages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BED99C65FD28FAA2" blockId="6.[109,793,449,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Kittle and Watson (2004) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BC659C65FD46FB82" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[548,707,1121,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BC659C65FDB1FB82" box="[548,564,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BC049C65FD46FB82" box="[581,707,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mating with a domestic cat, and they also described a potential hybrid as being slightly larger in size, with longer legs, and having a pelage with unusual markings on a paler background than is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BEAE9CE5FE0BFB02" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[239,398,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BEAE9CE5FE0BFB02" box="[239,398,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although not substantiated, some investigators consider hybridization with domestic cats to be a common occurrence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BF1F9D25FE61FAC2" author="WORAH, S." box="[350,484,1313,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7895" refString="WORAH, S. 1991. The ecology and management of a fragmented forest in south Gujarat, India: the Dangs. Ph. D. thesis, University of Pune, Pune, India." type="book" year="1991">Worah 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). If true, hybridization is a threat to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BE8D9D45FEE1FAA2" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[204,356,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BE8D9D45FEE1FAA2" box="[204,356,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a rare and vulnerable species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C12F60FFBFB117BF0E9D96FB43FC58" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546500FFBFB117BF0E9D96FB43FC58" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BF0E9D96FDB3FA56" blockId="6.[335,566,1426,1452]" box="[335,566,1426,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<heading id="D0B981E7FFBFB117BF0E9D96FDB3FA56" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[335,566,1426,1452]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BF0E9D96FDB3FA56" bold="true" box="[335,566,1426,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368BFFBFB117BED99DD2FB43FC58" blockId="6.[109,792,1494,1933]" lastBlockId="6.[840,1523,203,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BE839DD2FEBDFA17" box="[194,312,1494,1517]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BFC79DD2FE3AFA17" box="[390,447,1494,1517]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BF999DD2FD77FA17" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[472,754,1494,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BF999DD2FD77FA17" box="[472,754,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Prionailurus rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered “Near Threatened” by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BCE59E12FF67F9B7" author="MUKHERJEE, S. & J. W. DUCKWORTH & A. SILVA & A. APPEL & A. KITTLE" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7090" refString="MUKHERJEE, S., J. W. DUCKWORTH, A. SILVA, A. APPEL, AND A. KITTLE. 2016. Prionailurus rubiginosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 30 January 2019." type="book" year="2016">Mukherjee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The total effective population size is estimated to be <10,000 (Khan and Mukherjee 2008), and the declining population trend is mainly attributed to habitat loss, specifically the major spread of agricultural cultivation, which poses a significant threat (Nowell and Jackson 1996). Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BE2C9ED2FE82F917" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[109,263,1750,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BE2C9ED2FE82F917" box="[109,263,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not assimilate well into cultivated or urban areas, yet some individuals have adapted by living in abandoned buildings and likely by exploiting rodent populations in nearby farm fields. However, it is not welcomed by local people due to its appetite for domestic fowl (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BC349F52FC95F897" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[629,784,1878,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BE2C9F72FF6CF877" author="PILLAY, R." box="[109,233,1910,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="26 - 27" refId="ref7317" refString="PILLAY, R. 2008. Sighting of a rusty-spotted cat in the Varushanad Valley, India. Cat News 49: 26 - 27." type="journal article" year="2008">Pillay 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Indian population (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BC429F72FD36F877" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[515,691,1910,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BC429F72FD36F877" box="[515,691,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is listed under the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora as Appendix I, and the Nepali (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BD10990FFC79FED8" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[849,1020,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BD10990FFC79FED8" box="[849,1020,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. r. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Sri Lankan (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BAFD990FFAC5FED8" baseAuthorityName="Phillips" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1212,1344,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="phillipsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BAFD990FFAC5FED8" box="[1212,1344,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. r. phillipsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) populations are listed as an Appendix II rating (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BAE4992FFAB4FEB8" author="DMOCH, R." box="[1189,1329,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BB00992FFCF8FE98" author="MUKHERJEE, S. & J. W. DUCKWORTH & A. SILVA & A. APPEL & A. KITTLE" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7090" refString="MUKHERJEE, S., J. W. DUCKWORTH, A. SILVA, A. APPEL, AND A. KITTLE. 2016. Prionailurus rubiginosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 30 January 2019." type="book" year="2016">Mukherjee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BDD5994FFBB4FE98" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[916,1073,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BDD5994FFC21FE98" box="[916,932,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BDF2994FFBB4FE98" box="[947,1073,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is fully protected under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B6EFFBFB117BAE9996FFB7CFE78" box="[1192,1273,363,386]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.00888" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" unit="in" value="1972.0">1972 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BABE996FFAB3FE78" box="[1279,1334,363,386]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BB07996FFA66FE78" author="SABAPARA, R. H." box="[1350,1507,363,386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="67" refId="ref7437" refString="SABAPARA, R. H. 1999. Multiple infection in a rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus). Zoos' Print Journal 14: 67." type="journal article" year="1999">Sabapara 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BDD9998FFB86FE58" box="[920,1027,395,418]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is listed as a strictly protected mammal under Schedule II of the Fauna and Flora Protection (Amendment) Act, No. 22 of 2009. Because its presence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BB0A99CFFA0EFE18" box="[1355,1419,459,482]" name="Nepal" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
has only recently been documented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BA3399EFFAEAFDF8" author="LAMICHHANE, B. R." box="[1138,1391,491,514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref6972" refString="LAMICHHANE, B. R., ET AL. 2016. Rusty-spotted cat: 12 th cat species discovered in western Terai of Nepal. Cat News 64: 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="2016">Lamichhane et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is likely not explicitly listed or protected under Nepali conservation laws (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BD109A2FFBC6FDB8" author="MUKHERJEE, S. & J. W. DUCKWORTH & A. SILVA & A. APPEL & A. KITTLE" box="[849,1091,555,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7090" refString="MUKHERJEE, S., J. W. DUCKWORTH, A. SILVA, A. APPEL, AND A. KITTLE. 2016. Prionailurus rubiginosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 30 January 2019." type="book" year="2016">Mukherjee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The protection offered by law during the 1990s did not prevent the occasional report of skins or live animals surfacing in trade (Nowell and Jackson 1996). However, current data on how conservation actions have curtailed domestic trade is lacking (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BA1C9AAFFADDFD38" author="MUKHERJEE, S. & J. W. DUCKWORTH & A. SILVA & A. APPEL & A. KITTLE" box="[1117,1368,683,706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7090" refString="MUKHERJEE, S., J. W. DUCKWORTH, A. SILVA, A. APPEL, AND A. KITTLE. 2016. Prionailurus rubiginosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. Accessed 30 January 2019." type="book" year="2016">Mukherjee et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hunting by humans for food or to control as a livestock pest in some areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BD299AEFFC51FCF8" box="[872,980,747,770]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359761BFFBFB117BA4E9AEFFBC3FCF8" box="[1039,1094,747,770]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
are potential sources of mortality, and Sri Lankan locals frequently mistake kittens for baby leopards,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BD099B2FFC7EFCB8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[840,1019,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BD099B2FFC7EFCB8" box="[840,1019,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">Panthera pardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and kill them (Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BB069B2FFA66FCB8" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1351,1507,811,834]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D08FFBFB117BD099B4FFC66FC98" baseAuthorityName="Bambaradeniya and Amarasinghe" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[840,995,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Prionailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubiginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA99FFBFB117BD099B4FFC66FC98" box="[840,995,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="161">P. rubiginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is secretive, elusive, and rare, and further study is needed to fully understand the status of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BBE59B6FFCF8FC58" author="DMOCH, R." pageId="6" pageNumber="161" pagination="115 - 120" refId="ref6414" refString="DMOCH, R. 1997. Husbandry, breeding and population development of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi. International Zoo Yearbook 35: 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1997">Dmoch 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sunquist and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7AFFBFB117BA5C9B8FFB33FC58" author="SUNQUIST, M. & F. SUNQUIST" box="[1053,1206,907,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="161" refId="ref7657" refString="SUNQUIST, M., AND F. SUNQUIST. 2002. Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (Geoffroy, 1831). Pp. 237 - 240 in Wild cats of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2002">Sunquist 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |