293 lines
32 KiB
XML
293 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="20BC5ECE7F61FC339E99C0B55EB9E421" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.223111" ID-GBIF-Dataset="118c9348-fc89-43ae-9664-8dc9e5ad29f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223111" ID-ZooBank="F145FA89-A00B-4A85-A7FB-7C1F4680ACA3" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460656065640" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Borovec, Roman & Oberprieler, Rolf G." docDate="2013" docId="03E78786FF86643F1891D6D14FE6F9AE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03693p378.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3693 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Embrithini" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="367" masterDocId="FFDEFFFEFF84643D1806D60C4B5DFFC8" masterDocTitle="Afrophloeus, a new genus of African weevils of the tribe Embrithini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with description of a new species and notes on the composition of Embrithini" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="365" pageNumber="367" updateTime="1698344679889" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="13A29E7A5C1415809D471B7403D61C41" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0C4B94FD0DBEAA153356233B2C789AA3">
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<mods:title id="50732FD856AD9540663D903377F83367">Afrophloeus, a new genus of African weevils of the tribe Embrithini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with description of a new species and notes on the composition of Embrithini</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E783E7896C2E93780C2A23DB6DDFCB47" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B608CDD5FCDB76376DBFA66F32B5B72E">Borovec, Roman</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7F8861106931242DCE2F3DD2A0DEA489" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BDC481DD4E8483EE209EC3DC16BAD89D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F76579929F5B5783759E6A162B98449F">Oberprieler, Rolf G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="39625C06B06E3895D24BC1E1ACCD1B19">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD50962F75D04C41D0936CD2BD050F61">
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<mods:title id="5082DCE36F36B1D12B5C07BAE1732213">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="874F5DB440494ABE5815B7A2A969FE3D">
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<mods:date id="E21AF25CAD7161739F4839A92A5AE0E0">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8F699FF8F4E6E92CC8E4C714004C332B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D73DDB435A63AEA668FA5A09970894EE">3693</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="DF3F78F90AC22E9433D92B0251B684CD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2833EC982065D967E58B9C6EBE8105FB">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="D62AB02D049C1E570DE746336AF91979" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="AE6EAFE7056A31CB3FB59703FD48DF22">365</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="772E5C98BA602585B6958DAFED85B8F9">378</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0E459863BE64932A84B660FE99A7D98B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1DC5093457A5CC1ABE7F889975E83C5E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.223111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE087CCFE2163BA8E7BC7E22CAA725B0" type="GBIF-Dataset">118c9348-fc89-43ae-9664-8dc9e5ad29f9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="367BF28E341E6B1D1AF2B98CC803ED08" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97678F1BC067E12900E9E038B6C80459" type="Zenodo-Dep">223111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="985F36B5EAFDE8A1B398DA7DB575E3C4" type="ZooBank">F145FA89-A00B-4A85-A7FB-7C1F4680ACA3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E78786FF86643F1891D6D14FE6F9AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E78786FF86643F1891D6D14FE6F9AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E78786FF86643F1891D6D14FE6F9AE" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<subSubSection id="C354651BFF86643F1891D6D14962FE90" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF13690FF86643F1891D6D14ABAFF3F" blockId="2.[151,487,221,278]" box="[151,487,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<heading id="D0B981FCFF86643F1891D6D14ABAFF3F" bold="true" box="[151,487,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1891D6D14ABAFF3F" bold="true" box="[151,487,221,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18E4D6D14A33FF3F" ID-CoL="8KF9T" box="[226,366,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1973D6D14ABAFF3F" box="[373,487,221,247]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF13690FF86643F1891D70C4A99FEDE" blockId="2.[151,487,221,278]" box="[151,452,256,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1891D70C4A9DFEDE" authority="Marshall, 1942: 3" authorityName="Marshall" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,448,256,278]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">
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Embrithini
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<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F190DD70C4A35FEDE" box="[267,360,256,278]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Marshall</collectingCountry>
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, 1942: 3
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF13690FF86643F1891D74F4962FE90" blockId="2.[151,575,322,344]" box="[151,575,322,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<typeStatus id="54F58832FF86643F1891D74F4B94FE90" box="[151,201,323,344]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F191ED74E4966FE90" authority="Schoenherr, 1842" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1842" box="[280,571,322,344]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Embrithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F191ED74E4ADDFE90" box="[280,384,322,344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Embrithes</emphasis>
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Schoenherr, 1842
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354651BFF86643F1891D7894A44FCE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF13690FF86643F1891D7894A44FCE2" blockId="2.[151,1436,389,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1891D7894A4CFE56" bold="true" box="[151,273,389,414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F191CD7894AD0FE56" box="[282,397,389,414]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
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with short to long rostrum dorsally separated from head by broad V-shaped depression or sharp V-shaped sulcus (sometimes obscured by vestiture); trisetose mandibles; glabrous, often posteriorly sharply carinate epistome; bare or squamose frons; usually dorsolaterally placed scrobes but with antennal sockets visible in dorsal view, only occasionally concealed by lateral edges of epifrons (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C14D7FD4FF9FDC2" box="[1042,1188,497,522]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Glyptosomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1C14D7FD4FF9FDC2" box="[1042,1188,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Glyptosomus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1CBCD7FD4ECDFDC1" authority="Faust" authorityName="Faust" box="[1210,1424,497,522]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peritelomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1CBCD7FD4E1CFDC2" box="[1210,1345,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Peritelomus</emphasis>
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Faust
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</taxonomicName>
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), sometimes entirely dorsally placed (
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A43D41A4930FDE5" box="[581,621,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">e.g.</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A84D4194856FDE6" box="[642,779,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ellimenistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A84D4194856FDE6" box="[642,779,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Ellimenistes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B19D41948B2FDE6" box="[799,1007,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sympiezorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1B19D41948B2FDE6" box="[799,1007,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Sympiezorhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C05D41A4FCDFDE5" box="[1027,1168,534,557]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zeugorygma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1C05D41A4FCDFDE5" box="[1027,1168,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Zeugorygma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); usually 7-segmented funicles (6- to 4-segmented in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A54D4354987FD9A" box="[594,730,569,594]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afrophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A54D4354987FD9A" box="[594,730,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Afrophloeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1AEBD4364808FD99" box="[749,853,570,593]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heisonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1AEBD4364808FD99" box="[749,853,570,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Heisonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B6FD435488BFD9A" box="[873,982,569,594]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lalagetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1B6FD435488BFD9A" box="[873,982,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Lalagetes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1BEFD4354F98FD99" authority="Pascoe" authorityName="Pascoe" box="[1001,1221,569,594]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bryochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1BEFD4354F37FD9A" box="[1001,1130,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Bryochaeta</emphasis>
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Pascoe
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1CDFD4354A58FDBE" authority="J. Thomson" authorityName="J. Thomson" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Syntaphocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1CDFD4354E23FD9A" box="[1241,1406,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Syntaphocerus</emphasis>
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J. Thomson
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</taxonomicName>
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), segment 2 often the longest; protruding to flat eyes; laterally straight anterior pronotal margin, not extended into ocular lobes; elytra with 10 distinct, regular striae or with 12 or more irregular ones; wingless (hence scutellar shield and humeri absent); tibiae without spurs, with short mucro (sometimes not protruding out of fringing setae) or no mucro (mainly genera with multistriate elytra); metatibial apices with narrow or broad, densely setose (rarely squamose) corbel; tarsal claws connate in basal half, usually subparallel, occasionally single (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18A6D51E4A55FCE1" box="[160,264,786,809]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heisonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F18A6D51E4A55FCE1" box="[160,264,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Heisonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C354651BFF86643F18C1D5394FE6F9AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF13690FF86643F18C1D5394FE6F9AE" blockId="2.[151,1436,389,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F18C1D5394A66FC86" bold="true" box="[199,315,821,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Although the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A1AD53949C8FC86" box="[540,661,821,846]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
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is at present not satisfactorily delimited by any unique character(s), this diagnosis serves to distinguish it from all tribes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B04D5554828FCBA" box="[770,885,857,882]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
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in Africa as these are currently conceived. From all “brachyderine” tribes (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F19E4D5714912FC5E" box="[482,591,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Blosyrini">Blosyrini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A61D57149A1FC5E" box="[615,764,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachyderini">Brachyderini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B13D57148C3FC5E" box="[789,926,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cneorhinini">Cneorhinini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1BB0D5714F1BFC5E" box="[950,1094,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dermatodini">Dermatodini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C59D5714FB5FC5E" box="[1119,1256,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
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), “leptopiines” (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18A6D5AD4AECFC72" authority="Oberprieler" authorityName="Oberprieler" box="[160,433,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afroleptops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F18A6D5AD4A7FFC72" box="[160,290,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Afroleptops</emphasis>
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Oberprieler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F19C7D5AD49BFFC72" authority="Waterhouse" authorityName="Waterhouse" box="[449,738,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Leptostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F19C7D5AD4912FC72" box="[449,591,929,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Leptostethus</emphasis>
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Waterhouse
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1AF4D5AE4F55FC72" authority="Schoenherr" authorityName="Schoenherr" box="[754,1032,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Spartecerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1AF4D5AE4825FC71" box="[754,888,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Spartecerus</emphasis>
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Schoenherr
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C19D5AD4F25FC72" box="[1055,1144,929,954]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sitonini">Sitonini</taxonomicName>
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and the “otiorhynchine” tribes
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18D8D5C94AD2FC16" box="[222,399,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ectemnorhinini">Ectemnorhinini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F199BD5C9494DFC16" box="[413,528,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Episomini">Episomini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A4AD5C949B4FC16" box="[588,745,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otiorhynchini">Otiorhynchini</taxonomicName>
|
|
it is most readily distinguishable by its trisetose mandibles, and from the other tribes with trisetose mandibles (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B08D5E548CAFBCA" box="[782,919,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyphicerini">Cyphicerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1BAFD5E54F47FBCA" box="[937,1050,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oosomini">Oosomini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C31D5E54FF8FBCA" box="[1079,1189,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Peritelini">Peritelini</taxonomicName>
|
|
”,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1CC4D5E54E38FBCA" box="[1218,1381,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanyrhynchini">Tanyrhynchini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1891D2014A1EFBEE" box="[151,323,1037,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trachyphloeini">Trachyphloeini</taxonomicName>
|
|
) it differs in having metatibial corbels and/or connate claws. In line with this diagnosis and in order to constitute the tribe in a more natural way, we here transfer to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B74D23D48B6FB82" box="[882,1003,1073,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
|
|
the genera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C76D23D4FACFB82" box="[1136,1265,1073,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bryochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1C76D23D4FACFB82" box="[1136,1265,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Bryochaeta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1D06D23D4EC8FB82" box="[1280,1429,1073,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cosmorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1D06D23D4EC8FB82" box="[1280,1429,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Cosmorhinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1891D2594A5FFBA6" box="[151,258,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cycliscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1891D2594A5FFBA6" box="[151,258,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Cycliscus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1915D2594AF8FBA6" box="[275,421,1109,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Glyptosomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1915D2594AF8FBA6" box="[275,421,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Glyptosomus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F19B3D25A497DFBA5" box="[437,544,1110,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Porpacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F19B3D25A497DFBA5" box="[437,544,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Porpacus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
— whose claws
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1AECD2594813FBA6" box="[746,846,1109,1134]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
|
(1942) mistakenly interpreted as being separate — and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18CED2754A30FB5A" box="[200,365,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Syntaphocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F18CED2754A30FB5A" box="[200,365,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Syntaphocerus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F19B3D275497EFB5A" box="[437,547,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Oosomini">Oosomini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A5BD27549EBFB5A" box="[605,694,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A5BD27549EBFB5A" box="[605,694,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Bicodes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1AC0D275480EFB5A" box="[710,851,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Goniorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1AC0D275480EFB5A" box="[710,851,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Goniorhinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B65D27548BEFB5A" box="[867,995,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Holorygma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1B65D27548BEFB5A" box="[867,995,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Holorygma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1BF4D2754E50FB5A" authority="Aurivillius" authorityName="Aurivillius" box="[1010,1293,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lecanophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1BF4D2754FDAFB5A" box="[1010,1159,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Lecanophora</emphasis>
|
|
Aurivillius
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1D1FD2754A5FFB7E" authority="Hustache" authorityName="Hustache" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Neobicodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1D1FD2754EC1FB5A" box="[1305,1436,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Neobicodes</emphasis>
|
|
Hustache
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1909D2914A82FB7E" box="[271,479,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Sympiezorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1909D2914A82FB7E" box="[271,479,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Sympiezorhynchus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A1CD29249F5FB7D" box="[538,680,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Zeugorygma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A1CD29249F5FB7D" box="[538,680,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Zeugorygma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1AF6D291482EFB7E" box="[752,883,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Myorhinini">Myorhinini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where they were respectively listed by Alonso- Zarazaga & Lyal (1999). All these genera have ten elytral striae. Two genera listed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C90D2CD4E52FB12" box="[1174,1295,1217,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Alonso- Zarazaga & Lyal (1999) do not accord with this diagnosis and are therefore here excluded from this tribe: the South African
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18F5D3054A8AFAEA" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[243,471,1289,1314]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Epibrithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F18F5D3054A34FAEA" box="[243,361,1289,1314]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Epibrithus</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1977D3054A8AFAEA" box="[369,471,1289,1314]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which has no metatibial corbels and the rostrum not dorsally separated from the head (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1898D3214A5EFA8E" box="[158,259,1325,1350]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
|
1955), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1991D32149D7FA8E" authority="Gahan" authorityName="Gahan" box="[407,650,1325,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhyncholobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1991D321496BFA8E" box="[407,566,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Rhyncholobus</emphasis>
|
|
Gahan
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1ADED32148C7FA8E" box="[728,922,1325,1350]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3597600FF86643F1BABD3214F4AFA8E" box="[941,1047,1325,1350]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
) in the Indian Ocean, which has multisetose mandibles and quite a different configuration of rostral structures. The tribal placement of these genera in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18B0D3794A74FA46" box="[182,297,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
|
|
remains uncertain for the moment. Together with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B6BD37948A8FA46" box="[877,1013,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afrophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1B6BD37948A8FA46" box="[877,1013,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Afrophloeus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the new genus described below, the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F18D7D3954A17FA7A" box="[209,330,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
|
|
now comprises 67 genera, 49 with ten elytral striae and 18 with more. A proper separation of such two groups is, however, unwarranted, as
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A65D3B24878FA1E" box="[611,805,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">
|
|
e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A95D3B14878FA1E" authority="Kolbe" authorityName="Kolbe" box="[659,805,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Amphitmetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amphitmetus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Kolbe, with ten striae, is in other characters much more similar to multistriate genera such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1A3AD3EE4856FA31" authority="Pascoe" authorityName="Pascoe" box="[572,779,1506,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dicasticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1A3AD3EE49EFFA31" box="[572,690,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Dicasticus</emphasis>
|
|
Pascoe
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1B10D3ED4F45FA32" authority="Kolbe" authorityName="Kolbe" box="[790,1048,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Entypotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1B10D3ED4893FA32" box="[790,974,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Entypotrachelus</emphasis>
|
|
Kolbe
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F1C57D3EE4E48FA32" authority="Kolbe" authorityName="Kolbe" box="[1105,1301,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peritmetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93AEA82FF86643F1C57D3EE4F97FA31" box="[1105,1226,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="367">Peritmetus</emphasis>
|
|
Kolbe
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than it is to other (mainly southern African) genera with ten striae. As indicated by Oberprieler (1995), a number of other Africa genera may belong in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D13FF86643F19D9D0254905F98A" box="[479,600,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Embrithini">Embrithini</taxonomicName>
|
|
as well, but the tribe is in need of a thorough taxonomic and phylogenetic study to delineate it as a natural (monophyletic) group and determine all its constituent genera.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |