441 lines
53 KiB
XML
441 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="D8A16D558B7B5C83511B187C59BCCACE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fed616e-ea51-496b-b522-145b87775b5a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197810" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460279155734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rahmadi, Cahyo, Harvey, Mark S. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi" docDate="2010" docId="AD1687F3FF85FF990CEB480A2D15FAB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02612p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2612" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sarax cavernicola Rahmadi, Harvey & Kojima, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="512FFF8BFF87FF9C0C7C4D7D2E59FFA4" masterDocTitle="Whip spiders of the genus Sarax Simon 1892 (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Borneo Island" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698249151004" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="EC48CE98D02092F9DB0FFB3179C9B8E2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5B5E1FD8E44F5E3EB829B2FD0602E20D">
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<mods:title id="84D77B4D40F62441AD5E55461D5550B7">Whip spiders of the genus Sarax Simon 1892 (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Borneo Island</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B35374E5A4A30A2C68454AC601C9AD72" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="487EC33D5ABF024C475FFFD1674BAF15">
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<mods:roleTerm id="494D5882F75B68AD63860E9542BD4755">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1202D63886502D8003402BFA9F8B7560">Rahmadi, Cahyo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="937C468A39D7774D192398EEE0832483" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="54AB05E6400340FD9BCC9DF5DFFE7B19">
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<mods:roleTerm id="34588FFA29CE1A271B20A34B1AA4843C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="907F736D3998DA45F3CCCBF36F592D10">Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="09EA07D6024DC9A5E75196710611248E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="93DAA1D2FB907D4CABF3EA209EA24B2C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0E3E94612A5651C3D742450DFDA05D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="874EA61BCAF4D5E754622CA43E5AF5DF">Kojima, Jun-Ichi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6894D00834542B526F605463BA154E53">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="00E5EE40D89577A146C1C8A400633C3E" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="44AFDC14C4DA19E05845AB9778039F1A">
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<mods:title id="9BABD7D5FEC37CF375EA7D4C5B989BB8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="59DF5992088A3485E80458B54E5A6AD1">
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<mods:date id="D0928F7E9272A6E6C029ADD8C61B2275">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B237860D1B49754C6F958E4E3CD31FDA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0DACF2260CD2DE0B911155A55B532558">2612</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="96734BECD44766A71B8A732D35DD3681" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="48AF68FB926535ECDFE25F4742A3BAA8">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B90A0D2B41A3A861499E524DE9917453">21</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="89D9F9279C7DD3C9D785279B6BCF6A55">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="901AD663A10AE07BA658F35268D5F59B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197810</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C2300594A3559CEB51F35E6761BC4E9" type="GBIF-Dataset">3fed616e-ea51-496b-b522-145b87775b5a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3B239306FA4DD8EA3FCC448815AACE05" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFC657081DDCB7A1AA2E71F6D719D21B" type="Zenodo-Dep">197810</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="AD1687F3FF85FF990CEB480A2D15FAB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6207609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6207609" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9AD1144F-FF19-44B3-B38D-158E5C95DB3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1687F3FF85FF990CEB480A2D15FAB0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF85FF9E0CEB480A2F36FA10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF85FF9E0CEB480A2F8EFA35" blockId="2.[151,471,1399,1460]" box="[151,471,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<heading id="7E488189FF85FF9E0CEB480A2F8EFA35" bold="true" box="[151,471,1399,1425]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0CEB480A2F8EFA35" bold="true" box="[151,471,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF85FF9E0CEB480A2F2BFA35" ID-CoL="79MF2" box="[151,370,1399,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0CEB480A2F2BFA35" bold="true" box="[151,370,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sarax cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF8578CFF85FF9E0D05480A2F8EFA35" box="[377,471,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="250036E5FF85FF9E0CEB48E72F36FA10" blockId="2.[151,471,1399,1460]" box="[151,367,1434,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF85FF9E0CE348E72F56FA10" box="[159,271,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figs. 1
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0C8C48E72EA6FA10" bold="true" box="[240,255,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
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7
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF85FF9E0D6048E72F3FFA10" box="[284,358,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[282,1316,214,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[269,1332,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 40. Male genitalia of Sarax species from Borneo: 33. S. cavernicola, dorsal view; 34. same, ventral view; 35. S. yayukae from West and Central Kalimantan, dorsal view; 36. same, ventral view; 37. S. sangkulirangensis new species, dorsal view; 38. ventral view; 39. S. mardua from Gua Mardua, East Kalimantan, dorsal view, 40. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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33
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0D4648E72F10FA10" bold="true" box="[314,329,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
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34
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF85FF9E0CEB48982FADF8A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="250036E5FF85FF9E0CEB48982FADF8A0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1509,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0CEB48982FC2FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,411,1509,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
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Female
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<typeStatus id="FA048847FF85FF9E0E7B48982C2AFA5B" box="[519,627,1509,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="43AEAE20FF85FF9E0EF848982C95FA5B" box="[644,716,1509,1535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ambl.145),
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<collectingCountry id="5DA87675FF85FF9E0F1B48982A4BFA5B" box="[871,1042,1509,1535]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E086348982AA2FA5A" box="[1055,1275,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">East Kalimantan:</emphasis>
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Kutai Timur Regency, Sangkulirang District, Pengadan Village, Gua Ambulabung (Gua
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<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF85FF9E080D4B772AF7F980" box="[1137,1198,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Miroblatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baai">Baai</taxonomicName>
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) (KAL-110), GPS coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="408B5022FF85FF9E0D474B4D2FBBF9EE" box="[315,482,1584,1610]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="1.1530555">1°9'11.00"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="408B5022FF85FF9E0D8D4B4D2C9FF9EE" box="[497,710,1584,1610]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="117.56664">117°33'59.91"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="51011025FF85FF9E0EA94B4D2DF6F9EE" box="[725,943,1584,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-08-16">16 August 2004</date>
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, L. Deharveng.
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<typeStatus id="FA048847FF85FF9E08FB4B4D2B57F9EE" box="[1159,1294,1584,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="33B9FD6CFF85FF9E09604B4D2BC4F9EE" box="[1308,1437,1584,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="43AEAE20FF85FF9E0CDE4B282EBCF9CB" box="[162,229,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ambl.146, MNHN-Am.0 8),
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<specimenCount id="33B9FD6CFF85FF9E0E0E4B282C95F9CB" box="[626,716,1621,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="43AEAE20FF85FF9E0E984B282D71F9CB" box="[740,808,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ambl.147), same data as
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<typeStatus id="FA048847FF85FF9E08F34B282B5DF9CB" box="[1167,1284,1621,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<specimenCount id="33B9FD6CFF85FF9E09664B282BC5F9CB" box="[1306,1436,1621,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="43AEAE20FF85FF9E0CE34B072EB8F930" box="[159,225,1658,1684]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ambl.072
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0D234B072F37F930" bold="true" box="[351,366,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
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073),
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<collectingCountry id="5DA87675FF85FF9E0DCF4B072C01F930" box="[435,600,1658,1684]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0E184B062D6FF930" box="[612,822,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">East Kalimantan:</emphasis>
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Kutai Timur Regency, Kelai District, Marang, Gua Sungai,
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<date id="51011025FF85FF9E0C8B4BDD2FECF91E" box="[247,437,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-08-22">22 August 2004</date>
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, Y.R. Suhardjono;
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<specimenCount id="33B9FD6CFF85FF9E0EED4BDD2D5BF91E" box="[657,770,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="43AEAE20FF85FF9E0F6D4BDD2D0CF91E" box="[785,853,1696,1722]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MZB</collectionCode>
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.Ambl.091-092),
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<collectingCountry id="5DA87675FF85FF9E08624BDD2A9BF91E" box="[1054,1218,1696,1722]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E08B04BDD2BC5F91D" box="[1228,1436,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">East Kalimantan:</emphasis>
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Kutai Timur Regency, Kelai District, Marang, Gua Sungai, GPS coordinates
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<geoCoordinate id="408B5022FF85FF9E08584BB82A9EF97B" box="[1060,1223,1733,1759]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="1.0941056">1°05'38.78"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="408B5022FF85FF9E08A84BB82BD5F97B" box="[1236,1420,1733,1759]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="117.295944">117°17'45.39"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="51011025FF85FF9E0CEB4B972F0DF8A0" box="[151,340,1770,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-08-23">23 August 2004</date>
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, C. Rahmadi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF85FF9F0CB94A722CF0FF58" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="250036E5FF85FF9F0CB94A722CF0FF58" blockId="2.[151,1437,1509,2020]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,364]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0CB94A722F12F88D" bold="true" box="[197,331,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF85FF9E0D2F4A6D2C76F88D" box="[339,559,1808,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0D2F4A6D2C76F88D" box="[339,559,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sarax cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from other Bornean species by the rather large body (adult body length about
|
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<quantity id="E2479B00FF85FF9E0D484A482F81F8EB" box="[308,472,1845,1871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="11.2" valueMax="16.2" valueMin="6.2">
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6.2
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF85FF9E0D264A482F30F8EB" bold="true" box="[346,361,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.2 mm
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||
</quantity>
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). Body yellowish-brown in color. Anterior margin of carapace broadly rounded, eyes slightly reduced in size. Pedipalpal femur with many spines both on antero-dorsal and antero-ventral margins; pedipalpal patella on antero-dorsal margin with three spines about equal in length; pedipalpal tibia on antero-dorsal margin with two spines (proximal spine less than half of distal one length) and on anteroventral margin with three spines decreasing in size from distal to proximal to major spine proximally; pedipalpal tarsus with three spines: proximal spine the shortest and the distal one the longest (medial spine close to the proximal one). Tibia of leg IV with 19 trichobothria:
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0FCC4DC02D95FF72" box="[944,972,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bc</emphasis>
|
||
very close to
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F08044DC02AC2FF72" box="[1144,1179,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sbf</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F08D74DC02A9BFF72" box="[1195,1218,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bt</emphasis>
|
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close to proximal margin of fourth basitibial segment of leg IV.
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF84FF990CB94C7A2CA9FEC8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF84FF9F0CB94C7A2A1BFEC8" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0CB94C7A2F39FE85" bold="true" box="[197,352,263,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description:</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0D1A4C752F91FE85" box="[358,456,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female:</emphasis>
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Color in alcohol: Carapace yellowish-brown, centrally with brown marks; pedipalp yellowish-brown except for reddish-brown spines and tarsus. Legs II
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<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0FA64C502DB0FEE3" bold="true" box="[986,1001,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
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IV yellowish-brown to light yellow, except patella dark brown. Abdomen yellow with a pair of spots on each tergite.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="71C0666DFF84FF9F0CEB4BF72ABAF946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF84FF9F0CEB4BF72ABAF946" blockId="3.[151,1437,1674,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0CEB4BF72F1FF906" bold="true" box="[151,326,1674,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF84FF9F0D314BF62C4DF906" box="[333,532,1675,1698]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0D314BF62C4DF906" box="[333,532,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sarax cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF8578CFF84FF9F0E674BF72C2AF906" box="[539,627,1674,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0E674BF72C2AF906" bold="true" box="[539,627,1674,1698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF84FF980CB94A682FDBFF73" blockId="3.[151,1437,1813,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF84FF9F0D354A682FCAF88B" box="[329,403,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): Width about 1.3
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF84FF9F0E0B4A682CDFF88B" bold="true" box="[631,646,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.5 times its length; surface finely granulate, without setiferous tubercles, with several short setae in frontal area. Flange wide and bent upwards. Anterior margin of carapace slightly rounded, with 6 frontal setae. Median sulcus deep in posterior one-third of the carapace; a line sulcus running from posterior of median eyes to central sulcus, two paired lateral sulci present running laterally, a pair of sulci on posterior of lateral eyes. Eyes small, median eye tubercle brown, without apical setae, reduced in size, triangular in shape; median eyes facing antero-laterally; lateral eyes close to lateral margin of carapace, reduced in size, yellowish pale in color; frontal process not visible from above in
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA048847FF83FF98088B4DE52B3DFF16" box="[1271,1380,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and visible in
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA048847FF83FF980D764DC02F27FF73" box="[266,382,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB94D9F2D1FFE36" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Chelicera (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D394D9F2FD4FF58" box="[325,397,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): Dorsal surface smooth, without frontal setae and with several fine setae. Basal segment with 4 teeth: lower-most tooth largest, upper-most tooth bicuspid, with upper cusp larger than lower cusp; inner surface with several setae arranged in vertical row; outer surface with one small tooth opposite of bicuspid tooth, ventrally with several setae near proximal margin. Movable article with 6 teeth; second tooth the largest and subsequent teeth decreasing in size distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB94CE02A2DFDA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D4B4CE02F26FE13" box="[311,383,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): First sternite (= tritosternum) elongate, with paired apical setae and laterally many setae shorter than apical setae. Second and third sternites rounded and slightly elongate, respectively with 8 and 6 setae in addition to paired apical setae. Fourth sternite (= metasternum) with 3 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB94F702A7FFB48" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Pedipalp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D414F702FF7FD83" box="[317,430,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figs. 4
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980DF34F702FC7FD82" box="[399,414,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
5
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): Strong and slender. Trochanter with 10 setiferous tubercles and several setae along antero-dorsal margin, 1 spine medially and 7 setiferous tubercles on antero-ventral margin; ventro-anterior apophysis equipped with several setiferous tubercles present on distal margin of trochanter. Femur: anterodorsal margin with 6 major spines (length
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980ECF4F002DE9FD33" bold="true" box="[691,944,637,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F1>F3>F5>F2>F4)</emphasis>
|
||
, several setiferous tubercles and small tubercles; antero-ventral margin with 7 major spines (length
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F074FDF2BCDFD18" bold="true" box="[891,1428,674,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FII>FV>FI>FVIII>FIII>FIV>FVI>FVII)</emphasis>
|
||
, several minor spines and small tubercles. Patella: antero-dorsal margin with 3 major spines (
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808B04FBA2AB4FD45" bold="true" box="[1228,1261,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808874FBA2B42FD45" bold="true" box="[1275,1307,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9809564FBA2B13FD45" bold="true" box="[1322,1354,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P3</emphasis>
|
||
) about equal in size, several minor spines, several setiferous tubercles and small tubercles, the three major spines located on more than half of pedipalpal patella length distally, 1 minor spine present between
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808834E6F2B79FC88" bold="true" box="[1279,1312,786,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P1</emphasis>
|
||
and distal margin of patella, the length of minor spine less than half of
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F204E4A2D24FCF5" bold="true" box="[860,893,823,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P1</emphasis>
|
||
length, 1 minor spine present between
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9809364E4A2B33FCF5" bold="true" box="[1354,1386,823,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P3</emphasis>
|
||
and proximal margin; antero-ventral margin with 4 major spines (length
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980FB24E202AE2FCD3" bold="true" box="[974,1211,861,887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PI>PIII>PII>PIV)</emphasis>
|
||
, several setiferous tubercles and small tubercles, 2 minor spines between
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F354EFF2D99FC38" bold="true" box="[841,960,898,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PIII-PIV</emphasis>
|
||
and 3 minor spines between
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF98094E4EFF2B3EFC38" bold="true" box="[1330,1383,898,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PIV</emphasis>
|
||
and proximal margin. Tibia with several setiferous tubercles, outer surface roughened and several setae on inner surface; antero-dorsal margin with two major spines, proximal spine less than half as long as distal one; antero-ventral margin with 3 major spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980EEA4E8F2C84FBA8" box="[662,733,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the distal-most spine longest, following spines decreasing in size proximally, other specimens (MZB.Ambl. 0 72
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F3A496A2D0CFB95" bold="true" box="[838,853,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0 73, 0 91
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980FBA496A2D8CFB95" bold="true" box="[966,981,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
092) have only one spine without 2 additional proximal spines. Tarsus completely divided (claw clearly demarcated by articulation), antero-dorsal margin with 3 spines: proximal and medial spines short, about equal in length and close to each other (space between them about basal diameter of medial spine), distal spine longer than proximal and medial spine, medial spine by about 3 basal diameter of medial spine, without basal row of seta on proximal end of cleaning organ; cleaning organ ventrally with about 30 modified hairs; apotele present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB949852A52F9B3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D7349852F01FAB6" box="[271,344,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): Femora of legs I
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980E4E498A2C18FAB5" bold="true" box="[562,577,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
IV with small tubercles and setiferous tubercles. Tibia and tarsus of leg I with 23 and 41 segments, respectively; tibiae of legs II and III two-segmented; basitibiae of leg IV foursegmented, fourth segment with 1 trichobothrium (value in parentheses: ratio of the distance from the trichobothrium to the proximal margin of the segment against the length of the segment),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808C848152A92FA25" box="[1204,1227,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bt</emphasis>
|
||
(0.45); distitibiae of legs II-IV each with 18 trichobothria,
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980EF048F02CFDFA02" box="[652,676,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bf</emphasis>
|
||
(0.05),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F7B48F02D72FA02" box="[775,811,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sbf</emphasis>
|
||
(0.23),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980FF148F02DF0FA02" box="[909,937,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bc</emphasis>
|
||
(0.26),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF98087048F02A69FA02" box="[1036,1072,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sf1</emphasis>
|
||
(0.60),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808EE48F02AE2FA02" box="[1170,1211,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sc1</emphasis>
|
||
(0.75),
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF98096148F02B6CFA02" box="[1309,1333,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bt</emphasis>
|
||
close to proximal margin of fourth basitibial segment,
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980ECD48CE2C94FA68" box="[689,717,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bc</emphasis>
|
||
very close to
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F1348CE2DC8FA68" box="[879,913,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sbf</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980FDD48CF2DB1FA68" box="[929,1000,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsi of legs II
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808D448CF2AEEFA68" bold="true" box="[1192,1207,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
IV four-segmented; first segment about as long as length of subsequent three segments combined; second segment with lightyellow transverse line; fourth segment without oblique slit; pulvilli present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB94B5F2FDBF9C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D3C4B5F2FD1F998" box="[320,392,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[198,1408,471,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,419,1646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Sarax cavernicola sp. nov., female holotype: 1. Carapace; 2. Left chelicera, external view; 3. Sternal area of opisthosoma, ventral view; 4. Left pedipalp, antero-dorsal view; 5. Left pedipalpal tarsus; 6. Arrangement of trichobothria on fourth basitibial segment and distibiae of left leg IV; 7. Female gonopods, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197811/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): Covered ventrally with genital operculum slightly concave apically, paired with 2 tubes projecting medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF980CB94B102F2BF8B8" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980CB94B102F58F922" box="[197,257,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D6E4B102FFDF923" box="[274,420,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[282,1316,214,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[269,1332,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 40. Male genitalia of Sarax species from Borneo: 33. S. cavernicola, dorsal view; 34. same, ventral view; 35. S. yayukae from West and Central Kalimantan, dorsal view; 36. same, ventral view; 37. S. sangkulirangensis new species, dorsal view; 38. ventral view; 39. S. mardua from Gua Mardua, East Kalimantan, dorsal view, 40. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197817/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figs. 33
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980D0F4B102FDBF923" bold="true" box="[371,386,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
34
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): Similar to female, without distinct sexual dimorphism. Genitalia: Covered ventrally by genital operculum slightly concave on the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980FC44BEF2A4FF908" box="[952,1046,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[282,1316,214,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[269,1332,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 40. Male genitalia of Sarax species from Borneo: 33. S. cavernicola, dorsal view; 34. same, ventral view; 35. S. yayukae from West and Central Kalimantan, dorsal view; 36. same, ventral view; 37. S. sangkulirangensis new species, dorsal view; 38. ventral view; 39. S. mardua from Gua Mardua, East Kalimantan, dorsal view, 40. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197817/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
); paired apically-pointed small projections on medial lobes; 2 brown marks present on lateral lobes. In dorsal view, paired, anteriorly rounded with 2 light brown bands running from anterior to mid-length of genitalia, 2 small brown marks present medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF83FF980D714A7F2F3CF8B8" box="[269,357,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 40" captionStartId="15.[151,269,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[282,1316,214,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[269,1332,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 40. Male genitalia of Sarax species from Borneo: 33. S. cavernicola, dorsal view; 34. same, ventral view; 35. S. yayukae from West and Central Kalimantan, dorsal view; 36. same, ventral view; 37. S. sangkulirangensis new species, dorsal view; 38. ventral view; 39. S. mardua from Gua Mardua, East Kalimantan, dorsal view, 40. Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197817/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF83FF990CB94A552CA9FEC8" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2007]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Measurements (in mm): male (n=1) [female (n =3)]; values for segments of the appendages are their lengths. Body length (excluding chelicera) 8.64 [6.17
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F584A302D6AF8C3" bold="true" box="[804,819,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.25]. Carapace: median length 3.20 [4.57
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9809394A302B0DF8C3" bold="true" box="[1349,1364,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
6.37]; width 4.17[6.30
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980D2E4A0F2F39F828" bold="true" box="[338,352,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
8.29]; median eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.08[0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808584A0F2A6BF828" bold="true" box="[1060,1074,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15]; distance between lateral eyes 1.88[3.00
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980D3F4AEA2F0BF815" bold="true" box="[323,338,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.54]; lateral eye to anterior margin of carapace 0.37 [0.64
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980F824AEA2A54F815" bold="true" box="[1022,1037,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.69]; lateral eye to lateral margin of carapace 0.14 [0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980DDB4AC02FEFF873" bold="true" box="[423,438,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.35]. Pedipalps: trochanter 1.08 [1.97
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF980FF04AC02DC2F873" bold="true" box="[908,923,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.62]; femur 2.92[5.95
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF83FF9808D34AC02AE7F873" bold="true" box="[1199,1214,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
|
||
8.98]; patella 3.26 [6.15
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CA44DEA2EBEFF15" bold="true" box="[216,231,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
9.08]; tibia 1.59 [2.81
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990D874DEA2C53FF15" bold="true" box="[507,522,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
3.82]; tarsus 1.87 [3.00
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F534DEA2D67FF15" bold="true" box="[815,830,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.51]. Leg I: femur 17.08 [24.35
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF9908AB4DEA2ABFFF15" bold="true" box="[1239,1254,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
35.79]; patella 0.86[1.00
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990D774DC02F43FF73" bold="true" box="[267,282,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.18]. Leg II: femur 8.25 [11.32
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990EDE4DC02CE8FF73" bold="true" box="[674,689,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
17.29], patella 1.11 [1.57
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F994DC02DADFF73" bold="true" box="[997,1012,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.79]; basitibia 7.23[11.22
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF99094A4DC02B1CFF73" bold="true" box="[1334,1349,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
12.79]; distitibia 4.52 [6.92
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990DFC4D9F2FD6FF58" bold="true" box="[384,399,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
10.40]; metatarsus + tarsus 2.95[4.08
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F364D9F2D00FF58" bold="true" box="[842,857,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.42]. Leg III: femur 9.38 [13.16
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF99089D4D9F2AA9FF58" bold="true" box="[1249,1264,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
18.72]; patella 1.18 [1.25
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990D6E4C7A2F78FE85" bold="true" box="[274,289,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.97]; basitibia 7.69 [11.67
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990E1A4C7A2C2CFE85" bold="true" box="[614,629,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
19.32]; distitibia 5.18 [6.95
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990FC34C7A2D97FE85" bold="true" box="[959,974,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
11.46]; metatarsus+ tarsus 3.59 [4.28
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF9909F14C7A2BC5FE85" bold="true" box="[1421,1436,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.86]. Leg IV: femur 9.08 [12.92
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990E684C502C7AFEE3" bold="true" box="[532,547,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
18.28]; patella 1.18 [1.21
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F344C502D0EFEE3" bold="true" box="[840,855,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
1.80]; basitibia 9.90 [13.14
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF9908EE4C502AF8FEE3" bold="true" box="[1170,1185,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
23.28]; distitibia 4.81 [6.79
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CA84C2F2EBAFEC8" bold="true" box="[212,227,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
10.29]; metatarsus + tarsus 2.40 [4.21
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990EE14C2F2CF2FEC8" bold="true" box="[669,683,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
6.13].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF82FF990CB94C0A2A8DFE36" box="[197,1236,375,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF82FF990CB94C0A2A8DFE36" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" box="[197,1236,375,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CB94C0A2F0CFE35" bold="true" box="[197,341,375,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a Latin adjective meaning inhabiting caverns or caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF82FF990CB94CE02D90FD40" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF82FF990CB94CE02F90FE78" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CB94CE02F28FE13" bold="true" box="[197,369,413,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is only known from the Sangkulirang Karst, located in East Kalimantan (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DA87675FF82FF990CE34CBF2F4CFE78" box="[159,277,450,476]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD842A60FF82FF990D504CBF2FE5FE78" box="[300,444,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 42" captionStartId="16.[151,272,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[200,1385,221,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[191,1395,194,1706]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 42. Map showing the distribution of Sarax species: 41. The distribution in Southeast Asia, except for Sarax species from India and New Guinea. 42. A detailed map showing the distribution in the Sangkulirang Karst, East Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197818/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 41, 42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF82FF990CB94C9A2D90FD40" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CB94C9A2FD6FDA5" bold="true" box="[197,399,487,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
The whip spiders of this species were collected in caves of Gua Ambulabung (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF9909564C952B3AFDA6" box="[1322,1379,488,514]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Miroblatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baai">Baai</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Gua Sungai (Marang). They were found to live with several cave arthropods to which most of them are new to science such as a giant cave cockroach
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990E234F4F2AD5FDE8" authority="Grandcolas & Deharveng 2007" authorityName="Grandcolas & Deharveng" authorityYear="2007" box="[607,1164,562,588]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Miroblatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baai">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990E234F4F2D41FDEF" box="[607,792,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Miroblatta baai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990F624F4F2AD5FDE8" author="Grandcolas" box="[798,1164,562,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Grandcolas, P. & Deharveng, L. (2007) Miroblatta baai, a new very large cockroach species from caves of Borneo (Blattaria: Blaberidae). Zootaxa, 1390, 21 - 25." type="journal article" year="2007">Grandcolas & Deharveng 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the cave millipeds
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990CEB4F252C9EFDD6" authority="Golovatch et al. 2009" authorityName="Golovatch et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[151,711,600,626]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bedosae">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CEB4F252F9AFDD5" box="[151,451,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plusioglyphiulus bedosae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990DB64F252C9EFDD6" author="Golovatch" box="[458,711,600,626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. J., Mauries, J. P. & Van den Spiegel, D. (2009) Review of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Zoosystema, 31 (1), 71 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Golovatch
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990E374F252C27FDD5" box="[587,638,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990F7C4F252AD3FDD6" authority="Golovatch et al. 2009" authorityName="Golovatch et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[768,1162,600,626]" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidior">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F7C4F252DDBFDD5" box="[768,898,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. pallidior</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990FF64F252AD3FDD6" author="Golovatch" box="[906,1162,600,626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. J., Mauries, J. P. & Van den Spiegel, D. (2009) Review of the millipede genus Plusioglyphiulus Silvestri, 1923, with descriptions of new species from Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae). Zoosystema, 31 (1), 71 - 116." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Golovatch
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF9908774F252A67FDD5" box="[1035,1086,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF9908EA4F252B46FDD6" author="Lips" box="[1174,1311,600,626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Lips, J. (2002) Liste des recoltes biospeologiques. In Gua Kambing 2002, le Kalimanthrope, Echo des Vulcains, 60, 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="2002">Lips (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a whip spider (identified as Acariens) from other caves in Marang together with a figure of a specimen (N o. 1074) from Lubang Tendoyan (Marang) which depicts a whip spider which has three equal-sized spines on the pedipalpal patella which we interpret as a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990F664FB62D9BFD40" box="[794,962,715,740]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990F664FB62D9BFD40" box="[794,962,715,740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DA5656EFF82FF990CB94F8D2D15FAB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF82FF990CB94F8D2D81FC60" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CB94F8D2F19FCAE" bold="true" box="[197,320,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990D3B4F8D2C47FCAD" box="[327,542,752,777]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990D3B4F8D2C47FCAD" box="[327,542,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sarax cavernicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three major spines about equal in size on the antero-dorsal margin of the pedipalpal patella, the pedipalpal tarsus divided into two parts, and pulvilli present on legs II
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF99096B4E682B7FFC8B" bold="true" box="[1303,1318,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
|
||
IV. These features somewhat resemble the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990E074E462D78FCF0" box="[635,801,827,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Charontidae" genus="Stygophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990E074E462D78FCF0" box="[635,801,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stygophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is a member of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF9908BA4E472B38FCF0" box="[1222,1377,826,852]" class="Arachnida" family="Charontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Charontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pedipalpal patella spination is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990EFF4E1D2DC1FCDD" box="[643,920,864,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Charontidae" genus="Stygophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990EFF4E1D2DC1FCDD" box="[643,920,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stygophrynus moultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Klingkang Range in western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DA87675FF82FF990DFD4EF82FACFC3B" box="[385,501,901,927]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and differs from that species by the length of the proximal spine of the dorsal pedipalpal tibia about equal to the distal one (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990EA64ED72D24FC60" author="Gravely" box="[730,893,938,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) A revision of the Oriental subfamilies of Tarantulidae order Pedipalpi. Records of the Indian Museum, 11, 433 - 455." type="journal article" year="1915">Gravely 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="250036E5FF82FF990CB94EAD2D15FAB0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The following characters demonstrate that the new species here is not a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990CEB4E8B2F6CFBAB" box="[151,309,1014,1039]" class="Arachnida" family="Charontidae" genus="Stygophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF990CEB4E8B2F6CFBAB" box="[151,309,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stygophrynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the pedipalpal tibia without at least three spinelets that increase in size from proximal to distal on the distal of major spine (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990E6849672C92FB90" author="Kraepelin" box="[532,715,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Kraepelin, K. (1895) Revision der Tarantuliden Fabr. Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 13 (3), 3 - 53." type="journal article" year="1895">Kraepelin 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 32; 1899, fig. 92), the absence of a basal row of setae on the proximal end of the cleaning organ on the pedipalpal tarsus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990FAF493D2ADCFBFE" author="Quintero" box="[979,1157,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Quintero, D., Jr. (1986) Revision de la classification de Amblypygidos pulvinados: creacion de subordenes, una neuva familia y un Nuevo genero con tres nuevas especies (Arachnida: Amblypygi). In Eberhard, W. G, Lubin, Y. D. and Robinson, B. C. (eds), Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Arachnology, Panama 1983, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., 203 - 212." type="journal article" year="1986">Quintero 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF9908ED493D2B15FBFE" author="Weygoldt" box="[1169,1356,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Weygoldt, P. (1996) Evolutionary morphology of whip spiders: towards a phylogenetic system (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Amblypygi). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Research, 34, 185 - 202." type="journal article" year="1996">Weygoldt 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="412E4B14FF82FF990925493D2BC1FBFE" author="Weygoldt" box="[1369,1432,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Weygoldt, P. (2000) Whip spiders: Their biology, morphology and systematics. Apollo Books, Stenstrup." type="book" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002), the cheliceral dentition with the upper cusp larger than the lower cusp, and the tibial and tarsal segments of the antenniform legs with 23 and 41 segments, respectively. Most of these characters clearly conform to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF990DDB49CD2C77FB6E" box="[423,558,1200,1226]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Charinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We tentatively place the new species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2BF4D66FF82FF9908B049CD2B4BFB6D" box="[1228,1298,1200,1225]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17CBEAF7FF82FF9908B049CD2B4BFB6D" box="[1228,1298,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sarax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to which it most closely resembles. However, we believe that in future a new genus may be established when the taxonomic position of the charinid genera is fully resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |