381 lines
40 KiB
XML
381 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85cd7166-7b23-496d-8b10-7f1dcf2c4d60" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920434" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115576" ID-ZooBank="A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1" checkinTime="1447441568197" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Robert A. Johnson" docDate="2015" docId="971D8786FFDEFF8465D41482D46F2777" docLanguage="en" docName="29902.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4029 (1)" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex serpens" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="6B24FFFEFFE9FFB865431775D1342613" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1645066743641" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4029</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115576" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115576" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFDEFF8465D41482D46F2777" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFDEFF8465D41482D46F2777" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection box="[151,634,1015,1041]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph box="[151,634,1015,1041]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,634,1015,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,634,1015,1041]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,440,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,440,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pogonomyrmex serpens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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NEW STATUS
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,330,1050,1075]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph box="[151,330,1050,1075]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,322,1050,1075]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 25" captionStart-1="FIGURE 26" captionStartId-0="58.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="59.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[465,1113,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-1="[433,1145,193,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@58.[465,1121,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@59.[433,1153,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="58" captionTargetPageId-1="59" captionText-0="FIGURE 25. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235271). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 26. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235270). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figures 25–26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName authority="Santschi, 1922: 349" authorityName="Santschi" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,778,1122,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularis" variety="serpens">
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<emphasis box="[151,432,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pogonomyrmex cunicularis</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[487,564,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">serpens</emphasis>
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Santschi, 1922: 349
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</taxonomicName>
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(worker). Syntypes examined: 2 workers [MACN], BOLIVIA, San José, at two hours on the path to Carumba, #1073 (Lizer and Delétang leg.). Kusnezov, 1951: 251 [synonomy under
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<taxonomicName box="[199,325,1184,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
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<emphasis box="[199,325,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">cunicularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; not confirmed here]. See also Gallardo, 1932: 123, fig. 15. MACN worker here designated
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1280,1436,1184,1206]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">LECTOTYPE</emphasis>
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[CASENT0235269].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName authority="Santschi, 1925" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,748,1245,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularis" variety="carnivora">
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<emphasis box="[151,432,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pogonomyrmex cunicularis</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis box="[485,586,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">carnivora</emphasis>
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Santschi, 1925
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</taxonomicName>
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a: 155, fig. 2 (worker). Syntypes examined: 6 workers [MACN], 1 worker [MZUSP], ARGENTINA, Santa Fe: Fives Lille, #1614 (Weiser leg.). Kusnezov, 1951: 251 (synonomy under
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<taxonomicName box="[199,326,1306,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
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<emphasis box="[199,326,1306,1328]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">cunicularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); Wheeler & Wheeler 1972: 236 (revived from synonomy, raised to species); Bolton, 1995: 340 (resynonomized under
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<taxonomicName box="[440,567,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
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<emphasis box="[440,567,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">cunicularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; not confirmed here). See also Gallardo, 1932: 123, fig. 14. MACN worker here designated
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[313,469,1368,1390]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">LECTOTYPE</emphasis>
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[CASENT0249054].
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[692,909,1368,1390]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">NEW SYNONOMY</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,381,1434,1459]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Worker. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Within the
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<taxonomicName box="[523,693,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
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<emphasis box="[523,693,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group, the combination of: (1) in profile, apex of petiolar node weakly rounded to angulate, (2) inferior propodeal spines acuminate, (3) superior propodeal spines long, length greater than distance between their bases, (4) first gastral tergum moderately coriarious, weakly shining, (5) sculpturing on dorsum of promesonotum and posterior surface of petiolar node coarse, rugoreticulate to vermiculate, (6) propodeal dorsum rugoreticulate to transversely rugose, and (7) bicolored—mesosoma and petiolar node darker than rest of body uniquely characterize this species (
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<figureCitation box="[971,1085,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[465,1113,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[465,1121,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 25. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235271). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1085,1614,1639]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 25</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,1651,1675]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Measurements</emphasis>
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—lectotype (
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<emphasis box="[525,539,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">n</emphasis>
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= 12). HL 2.40 (2.00–2.33); HW 2.02 (1.65–2.00); MOD 0.37 (0.32–0.42); OMD 0.76 (0.46–0.62); SL 1.74 (1.58–1.81); PNW 1.38 (1.15–1.34); HFL 2.71 (2.22–2.79); ML 2.77 (2.41–2.76); PW 0.49 (0.43–0.52); PPW 0.66 (0.56–0.72). Indices: SI 86.14 (89.07–97.21); CI 84.17 (81.13–87.50); OI 18.32 (17.88–22.42); HFI 134.16 (127.59–143.96).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,1794,1819]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Redescription</emphasis>
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. Head elongate (CI = 81.13–87.50), widest immediately posterior to mandibles, narrowing posterior to eyes; posterior margin flat to weakly convex in full-face view. Cephalic dorsum with moderately coarse, wavy to irregular longitudinal rugae or weakly rugoreticulate; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head. Cephalic interrugae weakly to moderately granulate, weakly shining. Vertex weakly to moderately rugose, dull to weakly shining. Anterior margin of clypeus flat to weakly convex; dorsal surface with several subparallel longitudinal or oblique rugae. Mandibles with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. Eyes small, MOD ranging from 0.15–0.19x HL. In profile, eyes situated anterior to middle of head, OMD = 1.27–1.75x MOD. Antennal scapes long (SI = 86.14–97.21), surpassing vertex by less than length of first funicular segment; entire scape with longitudinal striae. Basal flange of scape well-developed with carinate margin. Psammophore poorly-developed, consisting of short to medium-length hairs scattered across ventral side of head.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Promesonotal profile weakly convex, propodeum flat; all mesosomal surfaces with irregular rugae or rugoreticulate to vermiculate. In dorsal view, humeral shoulders of pronotum rounded. Dorsum of promesonotum and sides of pronotum rugoreticulate to vermiculate, dorsum of pronotum sometimes transversely rugose; mesopleura with irregular rugae that angle posterodorsally. Superior propodeal spines long, narrowing to acuminate tip, length greater than distance between their bases; spines connected by well-defined keel; irregular transverse rugae to rugoreticulate on propodeal dorsum, rugae traverse ventrally or anteroventrally on sides. Inferior propodeal spines well-developed, triangular, wider than high, with angulate to acuminate tip. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma smooth to weakly granulate, weakly shining to shining. Legs long (HFL = 2.22–2.79 mm), weakly to moderately coriarious to granulate, weakly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Peduncle of petiole about 0.8x as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with acuminate spine. In profile, posterior surface of petiolar node flattened; node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface, apex weakly rounded to angulate, usually weakly elevated above posterior surface. In dorsal view, petiolar node about 1.5x longer than wide, widest near anterior margin. Posterior surface of petiolar node with coarse, irregular rugae to rugoreticulate, interrugae weakly to moderately punctate, weakly shining. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing towards anterior margin, maximum width about equal to length, strongly granulate-punctate or with weak irregular, transverse rugae, dull to weakly shining. First gastral tergum moderately coriarious, weakly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Erect to semi-erect yellowish pilosity moderately abundant on head, variable in length. Moderately abundant suberect yellowish pilosity on scape; abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant subdecumbent to decumbent yellowish setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole, and first gastral tergum with moderately dense, erect setae, mostly similar in length, longest hairs on posterior gastral terga; longest hairs on rest of body rarely>0.5x MOD. Bicolored with mesosoma and petiolar node darker than rest of body, but color varies geographically. In Argentina, the mesosoma and petiolar node are reddish-orange to reddish-brown, rest of body ferruginous orange. Specimens from Paraguay were darker, with the mesosoma brownish to brownishorange, rest of body lighter reddish-orange to reddish-brown (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[845,959,1159,1184]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation box="[845,959,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[465,1113,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[465,1121,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 25. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235271). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 25</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,526,1196,1220]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Ergatoid Queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This caste is diagnosed by: (1) ergatoid, with small ocelli on head, (2) in profile, petiolar node angulate, (3) inferior propodeal spines about as wide as high, acuminate, (4) first gastral tergum moderately coriarious, dull to weakly shining, (5) sculpturing on dorsum of mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node weak to moderately strong, rugae irregular to moderately rugoreticulate, and (7) bicoloredmesosoma dark red-orange; head, legs, petiolar node, postpetiole, gaster lighter red-orange (
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<figureCitation box="[1184,1298,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="59.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[433,1145,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[433,1153,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 26. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235270). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1184,1298,1340,1364]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 26</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,1376,1400]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Measurements</emphasis>
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—(
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<emphasis box="[411,425,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">n</emphasis>
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= 5). HL 1.97–2.41; HW 1.63–2.20; MOD 0.35–0.43; OMD 0.42–0.66; SL 1.46–1.84; PNW 1.11–1.37; HFL 2.17–2.68; ML 2.37–2.70; PW 0.43–0.53; PPW 0.58–0.74. Indices: SI 73.64–89.57; CI 82.74–93.62; OI 17.27–21.47; HFI 110.00–133.13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1484,1508]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description</emphasis>
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. Ergatoid, very similar to workers except for presence of ocelli on head and slightly larger size (HL = 1.97-2.41, HW = 1.63–2.20 for queens: HL = 2.00–2.40, HW = 1.65–2.02 for workers). In full-face view, head elongate (CI = 82.74–93.62), sides of head from mandible to lower eye margin parallel or diverging weakly toward mandibular insertion; posterior margin flat to weakly convex. Cephalic dorsum with longitudinal, wavy to moderately irregular rugae, sometimes becoming rugoreticulate near posterior margin, interrugae weakly to strongly granulate-punctate, dull to weakly shining; vertex rugose, weakly shining to shining. Mandible with six teeth, dorsal surface coarsely rugose. Psammophore poorly-developed, consisting of short to medium-length hairs scattered across ventral side of head.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Mesosomal segments fused, mesoepinotal suture often weakly impressed, lacking all morphological structures related to wings. Promesonotum mostly rugoreticulate to vermiculate; propodeum with irregular transverse rugae that traverse ventrally on sides. Superior propodeal spines long; spine length similar to or slightly longer than distance between their bases; inferior propodeal spines well-developed, triangular, wider than high, with angulate to acuminate tip. Peduncle of petiole about as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with acute spine-like process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex angulate. Posterior surface of petiolar node with irregular transverse rugae to rugoreticulate-vermiculate; interrugae weakly punctate, weakly shining to smooth and shining. Postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, maximum width about equal to length; dorsum moderately to strongly granulate-punctate, with weak irregular transverse rugae, or rugoreticulate, dull to weakly shining. First gastral tergum moderately to strongly coriarious, dull to weakly shining. Most body surfaces with moderately abundant suberect to erect, short, yellowish setae. Bicolored—mesosoma dark red-orange; head, legs, petiolar node, postpetiole, gaster lighter red-orange (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="59.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[433,1145,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[433,1153,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 26. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235270). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 26</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph box="[199,392,367,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,267,368,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Male.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[273,388,367,392]" family="Polemoniaceae" genus="Unknown" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Pantae" order="Polemoniales" pageId="57" pageNumber="118" rank="genus">Unknown</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,842,404,428]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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Additional material examined. ARGENTINA:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[767,842,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chaco</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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: Colonia Benítez, Dec 1–7, 1948 & no date (FML; LACM; MHNG).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[359,480,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Corrientes</emphasis>
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: San Roque, no date (MACN); no loc, Feb 1920 (MACN; USNM); no loc, no date (USNM).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[266,371,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Formosa</emphasis>
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: Reserva El Bagual, 151 m, Apr 2005 (FML; MCZ; RAJC); Gran Guardia, Nov 25–Dec 15, 1952 (FML).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,377,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Jujuy</emphasis>
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: Rt 66 at 11.8 km N Jct Rt 34, 2980’, Apr 4, 2015 (RAJC).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1109,1213,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Misiones</emphasis>
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: no loc, Dec 1920 (MACN).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[269,328,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Salta</emphasis>
|
||
: Embarcación, no date (FML); no loc, Dec 18, 1949 (FML); Rt 9 at 3.0 km N Cabeza de Buey, 2520’, Apr 4, 2015 (RAJC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,583,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Santa Fe</emphasis>
|
||
: Ruta 11 at 23 mi S Villa Ocampo, 140 m, Dec 20, 2004 (RAJC); 22 km S Reconquista, 45 m, Nov 15, 2003 (RAJC); Ruta 34 at 3 km W Santa Ana, 145 m, Dec 20, 2004 (RAJC); Fives Lille, no date (MACN; MZUSP).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[550,824,655,680]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
BOLIVIA:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[691,824,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Santa Cruz</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Los Negros, Oct 10, 1962 (LACM).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1275,1428,655,680]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">PARAGUAY</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Boquerón</emphasis>
|
||
: Nueva Asunción, 1050’, Nov 2–6, 2001 (RAJC; RBINS); Enciso, 830’, Nov 4–6, 2001 (ALWC; RAJC); Estancia Maria Vicenta, 780’, Sep 27–29, 2004 (RAJC; RBINS); Fortin Mayor Infante Rivarola, 910’, Oct 1–4, 2004 (RAJC; RBINS); Garrapatal, 710’, Nov 5–6, 2001 (RAJC; RBINS); Mister Long, 460’, Sep 17–18, 2003 (RAJC; RBINS); Laguna Salada de Salazan, Dec 5, 1993 (ALWC); Ruta Trans-Chaco, 180 m, Dec 4, 2002 (ALWC); Mariscal Estigarribia, Sep 22, 1994 (ALWC); 4 km NW Mariscal Estigarribia, 180 m, Dec 12, 2002 (ALWC); 80 km SW Destacamento Teniente Pico, Aug 6, 1994 (ALWC); Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso, Park Administration area, Aug 6–7, 1994 (ALWC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[704,896,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">President Hayes</emphasis>
|
||
: Los Pioneros, 420’, Oct 9–11, 2003 (RAJC; RBINS); Río Verde, 350’, Oct 15–16, 2003 (RAJC; RBINS); Ruta Trans-Chaco, 120 m, Dec 5, 2002 (ALWC) (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,294,979,1004]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[160,274,979,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="48.[151,249,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 21. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||
C
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1016,1040]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet,
|
||
<emphasis box="[601,687,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[601,687,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(from Latin,
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,942,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[857,942,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
= serpent), apparently refers to a snake. Santschi did not discuss the naming of this species, so its derivation is unclear. The name might refer to the narrow, elongate body of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1124,1148]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[338,606,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[338,606,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">Pogonomyrmex serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is not known to co-occur with any other
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1231,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1064,1231,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">P. cunicularius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
-group species but it is likely to co-occur with both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[524,693,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,538,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[553,693,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">cunicularius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[750,913,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[750,764,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[779,913,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">pencosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1197,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[928,1197,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">Pogonomyrmex serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis box="[216,387,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[216,387,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">P. cunicularius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the combination of: (1) petiolar node angulate in profile, (2) inferior propodeal spines about as wide as high with an acuminate tip, (3) first gastral tergum moderately to strongly coriarious, dull to weakly shining, and (4) superior propodeal spines long, length greater than distance between their bases. In
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">P. cunicularius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (1) the petiolar node is rounded in profile, (2) the inferior propodeal spines are wider than high with a broadly rounded apex, (3) the first gastral tergum is smooth and polished, strongly shining, and (4) superior propodeal spines are short, length less than distance between their bases.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1340,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1063,1340,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">Pogonomyrmex serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,537,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[373,537,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">P. pencosensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the combination of: (1) sculpturing on dorsum of mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar node coarse, rugoreticulate to vermiculate, and (2) body bicolored with mesosoma and petiolar node medium to dark orangish-brown to reddish-brown, rest of body lighter. In
|
||
<emphasis box="[1055,1218,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1055,1218,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">P. pencosensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (1) sculpturing on the dorsum of the mesosoma and posterior surface of petiolar is weak to moderately strong, rugae are irregular to moderately rugoreticulate, and (2) the body is concolorous tannish-red.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
In describing
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[353,771,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularius" variety="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,521,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,662,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">serpens</emphasis>
|
||
, Santschi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not note specific differences from the other two forms, but said only that the head was a dark reddish-brown and that sculpturing on both the dorsum and sides of the mesosoma consisted of irregular to vermiculate rugae. The bicolored body and the much stronger and more irregular to vermiculate sculpturing on the mesosoma make this form morphologically distinct from both
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">P. cunicularius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[345,506,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[345,506,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">P. pencosensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Thus, I raise
|
||
<emphasis box="[667,780,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[667,780,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">P. serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from synonomy to rank as a valid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Santschi described
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[416,750,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularius" variety="carnivora">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,430,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,584,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">cunicularius</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,750,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">carnivora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as very similar to variety
|
||
<emphasis box="[1045,1130,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1045,1130,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, except that
|
||
<emphasis box="[1275,1385,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1275,1385,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularius" variety="carnivora">carnivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was slightly larger and had much longer superior propodeal spines (length twice the distance between their bases compared to similar to distance between the bases in
|
||
<emphasis box="[785,871,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[785,871,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">serpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Examination of numerous series of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1318,1436,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1318,1332,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1350,1436,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">serpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrate that the variation in body size and spine length described by Santschi occurs within colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">In regard to the type locality, Santschi gave a vague description, saying it was San José, two hours from Carumba, which is likely Corumba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. San José de Chiquitos is the only San José in this part of Bolivia, and it is about 350 km WNW of Corumba. Consequently, I assume that San José de Chiquitos is the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption pageId="58" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[465,1113,193,1955]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1978,2000]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[448,784,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,691,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pogonomyrmex serpens</emphasis>
|
||
Santschi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[886,904,1978,2000]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
|
||
) frontal view of head, (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1149,1166,1979,2000]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
|
||
) lateral view of body, and (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,177,2009,2031]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0235271). Photographs by Will Ericson from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60" targetBox="[433,1145,193,1955]" targetPageId="59">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,290,1978,2000]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" box="[454,794,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,699,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pogonomyrmex serpens</emphasis>
|
||
Santschi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ergatoid queen: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[979,997,1978,2000]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
|
||
) frontal view of head, (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1250,1267,1979,2000]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
|
||
) lateral view of body, and (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal view of body (CASENT0235270). Photographs by Will Ericson from www.AntWeb.org.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,294,151,176]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Nothing is known regarding the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[824,941,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,941,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. serpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but it is likely to be similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. cunicularius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[350,513,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pencosensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[350,513,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">P. pencosensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only literature note is from Santschi’s (1925) description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1275,1436,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cunicularius" variety="carnivora">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1325,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">carnivora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
saying that Bruch told him that workers collected insects to provision the nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,469,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,469,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pogonomyrmex serpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a lowland species that inhabits sites at elevations from 45–905 m. This species is mostly restricted to the Humid Chaco and northern portions of the Dry Chaco ecoregions as defined by Olson
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1429,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001), with three additional records outside the northern and western edges of the Dry Chaco (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1220,1355,332,356]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1220,1335,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="48.[151,249,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[408,1179,195,1959]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 21. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, (B) Pogonomyrmex pencosensis Forel, and (C) Pogonomyrmex serpens Santschi. The larger black circle in each panel (when present) denotes the type locality." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figure 21</figureCitation>
|
||
C
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |