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165 lines
16 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e040db2-a833-4068-99f4-96feb450496e" ID-PMC="PMC6160839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-781-141" ID-PubMed="30271239" ID-ZBK="88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-781-141" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 781" ModsDocTitle="Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" checkinTime="1534332092519" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Penafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza & Rafael, Violeta" docDate="2018" docId="7C800751C6EF7B89A2E43B5447AD4302" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 781: 141-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 781" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841" docTitle="Drosophila sachapuyu Penafiel-Vinueza & Rafael, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C4F4A33E-ED73-44E3-A87A-6BE026A2DD93" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFB3FFE54166FF95FFAAFFC6FFFDFFF1" masterDocTitle="Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668166151344" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of Drosophilaguarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Penafiel-Vinueza, Ana Danitza</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rafael, Violeta</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>781</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>141</mods:start>
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<mods:end>163</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.781.22841</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-781-141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">88AFA04FCA5B464E82E49A1DA6F50C41</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="147279667" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4F4A33E-ED73-44E3-A87A-6BE026A2DD93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C800751C6EF7B89A2E43B5447AD4302" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C4F4A33E-ED73-44E3-A87A-6BE026A2DD93" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila sachapuyu" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">Drosophila sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="141">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Holotype ♂ (dissected, terminalia in microvial), Ecuador, Loja, Cajanuma, 2675 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.114917">4°6'53.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.18183">79°10'54.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 Apr. 2015, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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col., A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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& V. Rafael det. (QCAZ-I 3309). Allotype ♀ (dissected, terminalia in microvial), Ecuador, Loja, Cajanuma, 2675 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.114917">4°6'53.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.18183">79°10'54.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 Apr. 2015, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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col., A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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& V. Rafael det. (QCAZ-I 3310).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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9 ♂♂ and 9 ♀♀ (dissected, terminalia in microvial, descendants of isofemale line), Ecuador, Loja, Cajanuma, 2675 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.114917">4°6'53.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.18183">79°10'54.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 23 Apr. 2015, A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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col., A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñafiel">Penafiel</normalizedToken>
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& V. Rafael det. (QCAZ-I 3311-3328).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Body color yellow. Aristae with six dorsal and two ventral branches. Two prominent oral bristles. Thorax yellow. Wings clear. Cerci not fused to epandrium. Aedeagus with two sheets fused by a membrane with tiny spines, with a ventral blade with wavy edge. Hypandrium in shield-shape. Gonopod bearing one long bristle. Paraphyses fused to gonopod bearing two small bristles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male. Young specimen. Holotype external morphology: total length (body + wings) 3 mm, body length 2.40 mm. Body color yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Head. Aristae with six dorsal and two ventral branches plus terminal fork and fine hairs. Orbital plate yellowish brown, frontal length 0.29 mm; frontal index = 0.82; top to bottom ratio = 0.14; Medial vertical seta closer to lateral vertical seta. Distance of or3 to or1 = 0.11, distance of or3 to vtm = 0.09, or1-or3 ratio = 0.62; or2-or1 ratio = 0.47, vt index = 0.84. Ocellar triangle yellowish brown, ocellus yellow, distance of ocellar setae = 0.51 of frontal length, distance of postocellar setae = 0.75 of frontal length; frontal vitta yellow. Two prominent oral bristles of the same size, vibrissa index = 0.84. Cheek index = 4.58. Carina not sulcate. Eyes wine red, eye index = 1.28.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Thorax. Yellow, thorax length 0.60 mm, acrostichal hairs in eight rows between the two anterior dorsocentral setae that decrease in number toward the rear. h index = 1.2. Transverse distance of dorsocentral setae = 2.17, dc index = 0.65. Distance between apical scutellar seta = 1.16, scutellum yellow, scut index = 1.34. Medial katepisternal seta three quarters of the length of the anterior seta, sterno index = 2.2. Clear wings. Alar length 2.29 mm, alar width 1.09 mm. Alar indices: alar = 2.10; C = 2.76; ac = 2.04; hb = 0.30; 4c = 0.47; 4v = 1.25; 5x = 1.5; M = 0.4 and prox. x = 0.31.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Abdomen. Yellow with dorsal midline that reaches the 5th tergite, 1st tergite yellowish brown, 2nd - 4th tergites with posterior dark pigmentation which reaches and covers the exterior margin leaving a round clear area, 5th tergite with dark pigmentation which covers the entire tergite, 6th tergite totally dark (Figure 9A).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila sachapuyu" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">Drosophila sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., abdomen and male terminalia of holotype. A Male abdomen, dorsal view B Epandrium, cerci, surstylus and decasternum C Hypandrium, gonopods and paraphyses, ventral view D, E, F Aedeagus and paraphyses in ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively. Terminalia scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male terminalia. Epandrium microtrichose with three lower and no upper bristles, four bristles on the ventral lobe. Cerci not fused to epandrium. Surstylus triangular, with ten primary teeth on the right and eleven on the left side, ten sharp secondary teeth on the right and eleven on the left side, eight marginal bristles on each side (Figure 9B). Hypandrium in shield-shape and membranous. Gonopod elongated bearing one long bristle (Figure 9C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Aedeagus. Young specimen slightly sclerotized, ends in two sheets fused by a membrane with small bright tiny spines, with a wider blade with wavy edge. Aedeagus apodeme broken. Paraphyses fused to gonopod bearing two small bristles (Figure 9 D-F).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Variation in paratypes (dry mounted specimen). Total length (body + wings) 3.82-4.43 mm, body length 2.49-3.08 mm. Head. Frontal length 0.28-0.32 mm, frontal index = 0.7-0.85, top to bottom width ratio = 1.08-1.59; distance of or3 to or1 = 0.07-0.12, distance of or3 to vtm = 0.11-0.14, or1-or3 ratio = 0.86-1.40, or2-or1 ratio = 0.20-0.38, distance of ocellar setae = 0.83-1.17 of frontal length, distance of postocellar setae = 0.68-0.96 of frontal length, vt index = 0.77-0.93; cheek index = 5.36-10.66; vibrissa index = 0.86-1.07; eye index = 1.08-1.40. Thorax length 0.76-0.98 mm, h index = 0.69-1.27. Transverse distance of dorsocentral setae = 1.0-2.47, dc index = 0.61-1.06. Distance between apical scutellar seta = 0.76-1.0, scut index = 1.10-1.51; sterno index = 1.28-2.60.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Female. Allotype and paratypes (isofemale descendants). Allotype: total length (body + wings) 4.41 mm, body length 2.94 mm. Body color dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">External morphology. Same as the male except abdomen, which is yellow with dorsal midline that reaches the 6th tergite, 1st tergite yellowish brown, 2nd - 5th tergites with posterior dark pigmentation which reaches and covers the exterior margin leaving a round clear area, 6th tergite totally dark (Figure 10A). Wings yellow. Alar length 3.6 mm, alar width 1.38 mm. Alar indices: alar = 2.21; C = 4.32; ac =1.78; hb = 0.44; 4c = 0.51; 4v = 1.40; 5x = 1.20; M = 0.36 and prox. x = 0.42.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila sachapuyu" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">Drosophila sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., abdomen and female terminalia of allotype. A Female abdomen, dorsal view B Spermatheca C Ovipositor. Terminalia scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Terminalia. Spermatheca lightly pigmented, balloon-shaped, with small indents, deeply invaginated to three-quarters (Figure 10B). Ovipositor elongated, sclerotized, with 20 marginal and eight discal teeth, one long bristle and three fine hairs (Figure 10C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Variation in paratypes (dry mounted specimen). Total length (body + wings) 4.12-5.05 mm, body length 2.49-3.27 mm. Head. Frontal length 0.31-0.39 mm, frontal index = 0.72-0.84, top to bottom width ratio = 1.16-1.55; distance of or3 to or1 = 0.08-0.15, distance of or3 to vtm = 0.11-0.16, or1-or3 ratio = 0.5-2, or2-or1 ratio = 0.10-0.46, distance of ocellar setae = 0.70-1.11 of frontal length, distance of postocellar setae = 0.64-0.88 of frontal length, vt index = 0.74-1.34; cheek index = 5.40-9.83; vibrissa index = 0.88-1.0; eye index = 1.07-1.35. Thorax. Length 0.86-1.04 mm, h index = 0.65-1.26. Transverse distance of dorsocentral setae = 1.76-2.50, dc index = 0.64-0.82. Distance between apical scutellar seta = 0.69-1.12. scut index = 1.05-1.72; sterno index = 1.20-2.23.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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In Kichwa,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="sachapuyu" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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refers to sacha (forest) and puyu (cloud). This species was found on a cloud forest habitat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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Unknown. The type specimen was found in the fermented banana-bait traps placed at the locality, which suggests that this species feeds and breeds in fermented fruit as do many other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Drosophila</taxonomicName>
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species. This species has been reared with gelatin banana media devised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Rafael, V" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="130 - 155" title="Ecologia y distribucion del genero Drosophila en Guayllabamba y el Quinche, provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador." volume="65" year="2000">Rafael et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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. The habitat is a well-preserved intermediate montane forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="relationship to other species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Relationship to other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
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The general shape of the terminalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila sachapuyu" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">Drosophila sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has similarities with the terminalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. pichinchana" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="pichinchana">D. pichinchana</taxonomicName>
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Vela & Rafael, 2004. The two smaller ventral sheets and two heavier dorsal sheets are fused by a membranous medial region. Both species have four bristles on the ventral lobe.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila sachapuyu" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">Drosophila sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drosophila pichinchana" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pichinchana">Drosophila pichinchana</taxonomicName>
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differ in the general shape of the aedeagus. The aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. sachapuyu" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="species" species="sachapuyu">D. sachapuyu</taxonomicName>
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is dorsally flattened.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |