249 lines
25 KiB
XML
249 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5A4D63DBDF2A92B325D95ADC77940C9A">Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5308381" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199723538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5308381" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53" lastPageNumber="531" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31AC6FCD176DFFCA3" authority="VON MEYER, 1832" authorityName="Geoffroyii (von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[239,666,833,858]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31AC6FCD17583FCA1" box="[239,454,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">METRIORHYNCHUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31BE4FCD476DFFCA3" author="VON MEYER" box="[461,666,833,858]" firstAuthor="VON MEYER" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref35552" refString="von Meyer H. 1832. Palaeologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Frankfurt am Main: Siegmund Schmerber, 560." type="book" year="1832">VON MEYER, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31BA0FCE27645FC72" box="[393,512,882,907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31BA0FCE27645FC72" blockId="21.[393,512,882,907]" box="[393,512,882,907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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(
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<figureCitation id="4EB581ECFFB1FFE31BB8FCE275BDFC72" box="[401,504,882,907]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="23.[145,225,1678,1700]" captionStartId-1="24.[163,244,1465,1487]" captionStartId-2="25.[145,223,965,987]" captionTargetBox-0="[227,1345,197,1637]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1443,198,1424]" captionTargetBox-2="[304,1264,199,922]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@23.[225,1345,195,1638]" captionTargetId-1="figure-204@24.[163,1443,195,1425]" captionTargetId-2="figure-488@25.[301,1267,195,925]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="Figure 1. Metriorhynchus brevirostris holotype MHNG V-2232. A, dorsal view; B, palatal view. See text for anatomical abbreviations." captionText-1="Figure 2. Metriorhynchus brevirostris holotype MHNG V-2232. A, left lateral view; B, right lateral view. See text for anatomical abbreviations." captionText-2="Figure 3. Metriorhynchus brevirostris holotype MHNG V-2232. A, anterior view; B, posterior view. See text for anatomical abbreviations." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7017017" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7017019" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7017024" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7017017/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7017019/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7017024/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">FIGS 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31AB8FC2B74B1FC16" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31AB8FC2B74B1FC16" blockId="21.[145,762,954,1743]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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<materialsCitation id="66E69734FFB1FFE31AB8FC2B74B4FC16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3892764301" collectionCode="MHNG" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" specimenCode="MHNG V-2232" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31AB8FC2B7513FC29" box="[145,342,955,976]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE31AB8FC2B7489FC29" box="[145,204,955,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Type</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="C08856E0FFB1FFE31AF0FC2B750AFC29" box="[217,335,955,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="86283512FFB1FFE31B4FFC2B7663FC29" box="[358,550,955,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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MHNG
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<date id="A230BBA9FFB1FFE31BE2FC2B7663FC29" box="[459,550,955,976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" value="2232-05">V-2232</date>
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, partial cranial rostrum
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31A80FC687682F937" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31A80FC687682F937" blockId="21.[145,762,954,1743]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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Eugène
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<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31B0BFC6876F8FBF7" author="Eudes-Deslongchamps J-A" box="[290,701,1016,1038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref33177" refString="Eudes-Deslongchamps J-A. 1867. [posthumous work] Note sur les teleosauriens. Caen: Le Blanc-Hardel." type="book" year="1867">Eudes-Deslongchamps (1867</bibRefCitation>
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– 69: 118) attempted to rectify the taxonomic issues associated with
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<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31B6CFBA575BDFBB3" authorityName="Geoffroyii (von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[325,504,1077,1098]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B6CFBA575BDFBB3" box="[325,504,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Metriorhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and designated a new type species for the genus (
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<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B94FBC47638FB90" box="[445,637,1108,1129]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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Me.
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<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31BC3FBC47638FB90" baseAuthorityName="Grange & Benton" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[490,637,1108,1129]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliosus">superciliosus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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). However, the ICZN did not exist during that time, and under Article 68.3 of the Code,
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<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31BB6FB02766FFB5F" box="[415,554,1169,1191]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">
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<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31BB6FB02766FFB5F" box="[415,554,1169,1191]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">M. geoffroyii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the type species by monotypy. As stated above,
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<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31BC5FB2076F7FB3F" author="von Meyer" box="[492,690,1200,1222]" firstAuthor="von Meyer" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref35552" refString="von Meyer H. 1832. Palaeologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Frankfurt am Main: Siegmund Schmerber, 560." type="book" year="1832">von Meyer (1832)</bibRefCitation>
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||
never designated a type specimen for
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31BDCFB5F76CEFB1A" box="[501,651,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
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||
Me.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE3180BFB5E76CEFB1A" box="[546,651,1230,1251]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">geoffroyii</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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. The first time MHNG
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<date id="A230BBA9FFB1FFE31B02FB7D7539FAFB" box="[299,380,1261,1282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" value="2232-05">V-2232</date>
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was considered to the
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<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE318A7FB7D76BDFAFA" box="[654,760,1261,1283]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31ACCFA9C75D1FADB" author="Vignaud" box="[229,404,1292,1314]" firstAuthor="Vignaud" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref36631" refString="Vignaud P. 1995. Les Thalattosuchia, crocodiles marins du Mesozoique: Systematique, phylogenie, paleoecologie, biochronologie et implications paleogeographiques. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Universite de Poitiers, France." type="book" year="1995">Vignaud (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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||
in his unpublished PhD thesis, which
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<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31AF5FABB75F7FAB8" author="Young" box="[220,434,1322,1345]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Young" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" pagination="801 - 859" refId="ref37152" refString="Young MT, Brusatte SL, Ruta M, Andrade MB. 2010. The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometrics morphometrics, analysis of disparity and biomechanics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 801 - 859." type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Young
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||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B03FABB7521FAC6" box="[298,356,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed. However, as noted above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31AC9FADA75FEFAA6" author="Young" box="[224,443,1353,1375]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Young" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" pagination="801 - 859" refId="ref37152" refString="Young MT, Brusatte SL, Ruta M, Andrade MB. 2010. The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometrics morphometrics, analysis of disparity and biomechanics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 801 - 859." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Young
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||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B19FADA752FFAA7" box="[304,362,1353,1375]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
merely stated that MHNG
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<date id="A230BBA9FFB1FFE31AB8FAF8749AFA84" box="[145,223,1384,1405]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" value="2232-05">V-2232</date>
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||
was the
|
||
<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE31B6EFAF875EAFA87" box="[327,431,1384,1406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, they did not designate it so. Thus, until this publication, no-one has ever designated a type specimen for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31BA1FA3576F8FA43" box="[392,701,1445,1466]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31BA1FA3576F8FA43" box="[392,701,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Metriorhynchus geoffroyii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that fulfils Article 74.7.3 of the ICZN Code. As herein, we formally designate MHNG
|
||
<date id="A230BBA9FFB1FFE31BE0FA73765DFA01" box="[457,536,1507,1528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" value="2232-05">V-2232</date>
|
||
to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE318A2FA7276B1FA01" box="[651,756,1506,1528]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; it ensures that the cranial rostrum description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE318F9F9927577F9CF" author="von Meyer" firstAuthor="von Meyer" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref35552" refString="von Meyer H. 1832. Palaeologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Frankfurt am Main: Siegmund Schmerber, 560." type="book" year="1832">von Meyer (1832)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was the basis for the generic name, is reflected in the type specimen and ensures taxonomic stability. With the ‘Havre snout’ (MHNG
|
||
<date id="A230BBA9FFB1FFE31AB8F9EC74A3F96B" box="[145,230,1660,1682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" value="2232-05">V-2232</date>
|
||
) being the
|
||
<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE31B5EF9EC75A3F96B" box="[375,486,1660,1682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of both
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE3187BF9EC76BCF968" box="[594,761,1660,1681]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
Me.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE318AFF9EC76BCF968" box="[646,761,1660,1681]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">geoffroyii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31AECF90B7504F949" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[197,321,1691,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Gavialidae" genus="Gavialis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jurinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31AECF90B7504F949" box="[197,321,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Ga. jurinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it renders them both junior objective synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31B0CF9297685F937" authority="Holl, 1829" authorityName="Holl" authorityYear="1829" box="[293,704,1721,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Teleosauridae" genus="Steneosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B0CF9297600F937" box="[293,581,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Steneosaurus brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31865F9297685F937" author="Holl" box="[588,704,1721,1743]" firstAuthor="Holl" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref34637" refString="Holl F. 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde Teil 1. Dresden: Hilscher, 416." type="book" year="1829">Holl, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31AB8F96875DFF893" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31AB8F96875DFF893" blockId="21.[145,760,1784,1898]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31AB8F968756DF8F4" box="[145,296,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<typeStatus id="093523CBFFB1FFE31AB8F968748DF8F4" box="[145,200,1784,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31B17F968748EF8D2" authority="von Meyer, 1832" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31B17F968762AF8F4" box="[318,623,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Metriorhynchus geoffroyii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31851F968748EF8D2" author="von Meyer" firstAuthor="von Meyer" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref35552" refString="von Meyer H. 1832. Palaeologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschopfe. Frankfurt am Main: Siegmund Schmerber, 560." type="book" year="1832">von Meyer, 1832</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a junior objective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE3187FF88775E5F8B3" authority="Holl, 1829" authorityName="Holl" authorityYear="1829" class="Reptilia" family="Teleosauridae" genus="Steneosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE3187FF887755EF8B3" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Steneosaurus brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B21FE098FFB1FFE31B0DF8A575E5F8B3" author="Holl" box="[292,416,1845,1867]" firstAuthor="Holl" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" refId="ref34637" refString="Holl F. 1829. Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde Teil 1. Dresden: Hilscher, 416." type="book" year="1829">Holl, 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(following Recommendation 67B of the ICZN Code).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31900FF567124FE29" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31900FF567124FE29" blockId="21.[809,1426,197,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31900FF567722FF22" box="[809,871,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
We cannot use Article 23.9 to preserve
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31F4EFF5677D4FF00" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
Me.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31900FF7477D4FF00" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[809,913,228,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">geoffroyii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as it does not fulfil Article 23.9.1.2. A Google Scholar online search for ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31E77FE9271CEFEEE" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[1118,1419,258,279]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31E77FE9271CEFEEE" box="[1118,1419,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Metriorhynchus geoffroyii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from 1970–2020 gave 13 results: all are from 2001 onwards and most of the first authors mentioning the species are co-authors on this contribution. We recognize that Google Scholar is not an ideal literature search, especially for historical names, but it does give a general overview of how widespread the usage of a name is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31900FE6977B2FDD4" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31900FE6977B2FDD4" blockId="21.[809,1424,503,558]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31900FE6977EFFDF7" box="[809,938,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Latinized from Greek µέτριο, moderate, and ρύγχος, snout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9E94CEE2FFB1FFE31900FDC777E8FD53" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6319D69FFB1FFE31900FDC777E8FD53" blockId="21.[809,1424,598,682]" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31900FDC777E5FD95" box="[809,928,599,620]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Same as the only species herein regarded to be validly assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="118EE6EAFFB1FFE31EFCFDE571D5FD73" authorityName="Geoffroyii (von Meyer" authorityYear="1832" box="[1237,1424,629,650]" class="Reptilia" family="Metriorhynchidae" genus="Metriorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="21" pageNumber="531" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4FA417BFFB1FFE31EFCFDE571D5FD73" box="[1237,1424,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="531">Metriorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |