610 lines
54 KiB
XML
610 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758" ID-PMC="PMC5088705" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-70-97" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC7152C7E6EE57C72714E76631D297A" ID-PubMed="27829800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="159261" ModsDocID="1314-2003-70-97" checkinTime="1475629779525" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier, Loup, Caroline & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2016" docId="54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 70: 97-110" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 70" docPubDate="2016-10-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758" docTitle="Solanum poka Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 768. 1814." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC7152C7E6EE57C72714E76631D297A" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFC7152C7E6EE57C72714E76631D297A" masterDocTitle="Confirming the identity of two enigmatic " spiny solanums " (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) collected by Jean-Baptiste Leschenault in Java" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1668141814216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Confirming the identity of two enigmatic " spiny solanums " (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) collected by Jean-Baptiste Leschenault in Java</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-0754</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">x.aubriot@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Loup, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbier de l'Universite de Montpellier, Service du Patrimoine Historique - DCSPH - CC 99010, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-10-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>70</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>97</mods:start>
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<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-70-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC7152C7E6EE57C72714E76631D297A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">159261</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" type="multiple">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127892857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="4" pageNumber="101">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName LSID="54446D30-DD50-A132-095F-680B2137B8CC" authority="Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 768. 1814." authorityName="Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 768. 1814." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="101" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">Solanum poka Dunal, Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] Suppl. 3: 768. 1814.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A Lectotype of Solanum graciliflorum, illustration Sol. Tab. 47 [MPU 028534] made by T. F. Node-Veran (1773 - 1852). Reproduced with permission of the Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (Service de Patrimoine Historique); copyright Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (SPH) B Epitype of Solanum graciliflorum, T. Horsfield s. n. [BM 000886121] C Lectotype of Solanum poka, illustration Sol. Tab. 55 [MPU 028527] made by T. F. Node-Veran (1773 - 1852). Reproduced with permission of the Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (Service de Patrimoine Historique); copyright Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (SPH) D Epitype of Solanum poka, T. Horsfield s. n. [BM 000886306]." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/105158" pageId="4" pageNumber="101">Fig. 1c, d</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum subsp. var. var. scabrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="torvum" subSpecies="var." variety="scabrescens">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="102" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
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torvum Sw. var. scabrescens
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</taxonomicName>
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Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 648. 1861. Type. Indonesia. Sumatra: sin. loc.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">F.W. Junghuhn s.n.</emphasis>
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(holotype: L [L0403917])
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="T. Horsfield" country="Indonesia" location="Service du Patrimoine Historique de l'Universite de Montpellier" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Java" typeStatus="lectotype">
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Based on an unpublished illustration of Leschenault collection kept in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Node-Véran">Node-Veran</normalizedToken>
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collection in Montpellier (
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated here:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:C3C6BD1BA2DA107588BEF35EFAED3347" country="Indonesia" name="Service du Patrimoine Historique de l'Universite de Montpellier" stateProvince="Java">
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Service du Patrimoine Historique de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Université">l'Universite</normalizedToken>
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de Montpellier
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</location>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Node-Véran">Node-Veran</normalizedToken>
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, Sol. Tab. 55 [MPU028527]);
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<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
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: sin. loc.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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<collectorName>T. Horsfield</collectorName>
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s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(epitype, designated here: BM [BM000886306])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="102">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="5" pageNumber="102">
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Shrubs to 3 m, armed. Young stems terete, black to dark brownish, moderately stellate-pubescent, usually densely prickly distally, sometimes unarmed, the stellate trichomes porrect, sessile or variously stalked, the stalks to 0.2 mm long, the rays (4-)5-8, 0.1-0.25 mm long, the midpoints reduced to globular glands; prickles to 3.5 mm long, to 2.5 mm wide at base, straight, awl-shaped to deltate, conical, pale yellow, glabrescent; bark of older stems brownish gray, sparsely stellate-pubescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate. Leaves simple, the blades 11-24 cm long, 4-13 cm wide, ca. 1.5-3 times longer than wide, elliptic to broadly ovate, chartaceous, slightly discolorous; adaxial surface moderately stellate-pubescent with porrect, sessile and less often variously stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.1 mm long, the rays 4-8, 0.1-0.4 mm long, the midpoints to 0.25 mm long; abaxial surface moderately stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface, but more often stalked; prickles 0-6 per leaf side, to 6 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide at base, straight or slightly curved at the tip, awl-shaped, conical, pale yellow, glabrous; major veins 6-8 pairs drying yellow; base shortly attenuate to truncate; margins entire or shallowly to deeply lobed, the lobes 1-5 on each side, 0.5-5 cm long, rounded to apically acute, the sinuses extending up to 2/3 of the distance to the midvein, deltate; apex acute; petiole 1.5-4 cm long, 1/10-1/5 of the leaf blade length, densely stellate-pubescent with porrect, sessile trichomes like those of the blades, with 0-5 prickles like those of the stems. Inflorescences apparently lateral or leaf opposed, 2-5 cm long, unbranched to up to 2 times branched, with ca. 5-20 flowers, moderately to densely stellate-pubescent, unarmed; peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm long, with 0-1 prickles; pedicels 0.5-1.2 cm long, erect, articulated at the base, densely stellate-pubescent, unarmed; pedicel scars spaced 2-4 mm apart. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx 4-7 mm long, campanulate, moderately stellate-pubescent, densely stellate-pubescent on the midvein, unarmed, the lobes 3-5 mm long, the lower part deltate and abruptly constricting to an elongate acumen, the acumen 3/4 the total lobe length, the abaxial surface more or less strongly keeled along the midvein. Corolla 1-2 cm in diameter, white, lobed for ca. 1/2-2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 5-8 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, deltate, spreading at anthesis, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially on parts exposed in bud. Stamens equal; filament tube <0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 0.75-1.5 mm long; anthers 5-6.5 mm long, ca. 0.75 mm wide, connivent, tapering, poricidal at the tips, the pores not lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, minutely glandular-puberulent; style 0.6-1 cm long, slender, curved at the apex, with few scattered hairs at the tip; stigma capitate, minutely papillate, stellate-pubescent. Fruit a globose berry, 8-18 per infrutescence, 0.8-1.5 cm in diameter, the pericarp smooth, bluish green when young turning to dark greyish yellow, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-2.5 cm long, ca. 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2-3 mm in diameter at the apex,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="103" start="start">woody</pageBreakToken>
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, erect, unarmed; fruiting calyx lobes not expanding. Seeds 100-200 per berry, ca. 1.75-2 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale yellowish, the surface minutely pitted, the testal cells sinuate in outline.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Solanum graciliflorum and Solanum poka in the Malay Archipelago. Geographical information for these collections can be found in the data supplement to this article (Suppl. material 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/105159" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">2</figureCitation>
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) Widely distributed in the Malay Archipelago, from western Sumatra to the Maluku Islands and across Sulawesi, northwards to the Talaud islands; growing in open woodland, forest edges, degraded vegetation, usually on limestone or volcanic rocks; 0-1600 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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Least Concern (LC); EOO> 100,000 km2 and AOO> 10,000 m2 (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" publicationUrl="http://www.kew.org/gis/projects/cats/catsdoc.pdf" refId="B26" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://www.kew.org/gis/projects/cats/catsdoc.pdf" title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit" url="http://www.kew.org/gis/projects/cats/catsdoc.pdf" year="2007">Moat 2007</bibRefCitation>
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for explanation of measurements). Although the EOO and AOO measurement indicate a status of least concern, the few collections coupled with the profound transformation in lowland Indonesian habitats where
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Solanum poka</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found (
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<bibRefCitation author="Margono, BA" journalOrPublisher="Nature Climate Change" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 6" publicationUrl="10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" refId="B18" refString="Margono, BA, Potapov, PV, Turubanova, S, Stolle, F, Hansen, MC, 2014. Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000-2012. Nature Climate Change 4: 1 - 6, DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" title="Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000 - 2012." url="10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" volume="4" year="2014">Margono et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) suggest that the species is a priority for recollection and reassessment.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1981-03-17" collectingDateMax="2004-02-27" collectingDateMin="1981-03-17" collectorName="Hendrian, Sigi Regency, Johansson" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" elevation="980" location="Bunta Subdistrict" municipality="Luwuk District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectingCountry name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah">Central Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCounty>Banggai</collectingCounty>
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regency,
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<collectingMunicipality>Luwuk District</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:75783446047BC4915A491373D1DD90C2" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" municipality="Luwuk District" name="Bunta Subdistrict" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">Bunta Subdistrict</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:E10EDE94C5A46D16E9904DCE6C668328" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" municipality="Luwuk District" name="Sumber Agung" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">Sumber Agung</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:56BBC03FBA012E44DB542C9328B0EB37" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" municipality="Luwuk District" name="Gunung Hek" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">Gunung Hek</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:7AB17FEDD330F79C76733FFEFE9DC1D2" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" municipality="Luwuk District" name="Sungai Hek" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">Sungai Hek</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:4AF0723F60E1EDE1108BA2E6F9673693" country="Indonesia" county="Banggai" municipality="Luwuk District" name="Cabang Tiga" stateProvince="Central Sulawesi">Cabang Tiga</location>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2004-02-27">27 Feb 2004</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectorName>Hendrian</collectorName>
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et al. 964
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</emphasis>
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(E, L);
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<collectorName>Sigi Regency</collectorName>
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, near the river
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<locationDeviation location="Tongoa">S of Tongoa</locationDeviation>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1981-03-17">17 Mar 1981</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectorName>Johansson</collectorName>
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et al. 419
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</emphasis>
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(K, L)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectorName="Horsfield" country="Indonesia" location="Horsfield" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Java">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: sin. loc.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectorName>Horsfield</collectorName>
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||
s.n.
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||
</emphasis>
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(BM); sin. loc.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:0F0C012B0B81E4A73F6A7FC2FA77BFF0" country="Indonesia" name="Horsfield" stateProvince="Java">Horsfield</location>
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||
786
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(BM)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1937-11-11" collectingDateMax="1985-02-26" collectingDateMin="1937-11-11" collectorName="Kato" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" elevation="1330" location="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Malaku">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
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<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Malaku">Malaku</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCounty>Central Maluku Regency</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Wae Mamahala</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" unit="m" value="1330.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1937-11-11">11 Nov 1937</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Eyma 2166</emphasis>
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(A, L);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:282F3CCA66B7D4FA3695028B26447FFC" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Central Maluku Regency" stateProvince="Malaku">Central Maluku Regency</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:D84A43B35ABA80E359F9328BD9FEDCF4" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Seram Utara District" stateProvince="Malaku">Seram Utara District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:11A79C5D0730D1D7899C99E688BD5F8C" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Manusela National Park" stateProvince="Malaku">Manusela National Park</location>
|
||
, along a trail from Wae Puo to Kali,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:83BA067794857B09EF192D4633CE84E3" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Ili area" stateProvince="Malaku">Ili area</location>
|
||
, south of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:118467C5B882ADC9BFF7FF79F29CE222" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Sawai" stateProvince="Malaku">Sawai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.83" unit="m" value="1030.0" valueMax="1230.0" valueMin="830.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="0.83" unit="m" value="1030.0" valueMax="1230.0" valueMin="830.0">830-1230 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1985-01-23">23 Jan 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Kato et al. C-5431</emphasis>
|
||
(A, L);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:1A20DDCD7A1A76805202003C5C41AD31" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="East Seram Regency" stateProvince="Malaku">East Seram Regency</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:3160B4822456923BA00A88876B6EFB2C" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Bula District" stateProvince="Malaku">Bula District</location>
|
||
, Luman,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:0FF6CD5CCD968C26315AC11297C15479" country="Indonesia" county="Central Maluku Regency" municipality="Wae Mamahala" name="Bula" stateProvince="Malaku">Bula</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10-20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1985-02-26">26 Feb 1985</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectorName>Kato</collectorName>
|
||
et al. C-7942
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1895-04-25" collectingDateMax="1973-10-11" collectingDateMin="1895-04-25" collectorName="de Vogel, Lam" country="Indonesia" county="Minahasa Regency" elevation="1080" location="Talaud Islands" municipality="Mt. Soputan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Sulawesi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara">North Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Minahasa Regency</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Mt. Soputan</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="m" value="1080.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1973-10-11">11 Oct 1973</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectorName>de Vogel</collectorName>
|
||
2504
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Minahasa Regency, Tondano, 1840,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Forsten s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Minahasa Regency,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1895-04-25">25 Apr 1895</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Koorders 18035B</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Minahasa Regency,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1895-04-28">28 Apr 1895</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Koorders 18037B</emphasis>
|
||
(L);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:8D9190987E1173226951DB4329BE4260" country="Indonesia" county="Minahasa Regency" municipality="Mt. Soputan" name="Talaud Islands" stateProvince="North Sulawesi">Talaud Islands</location>
|
||
Regency, Pulau Karakelang, bank of Kuala Bahewa,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1926-05-03">3 May 1926</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectorName>Lam</collectorName>
|
||
2772
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(K, L)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1909-12-26" collectingDateMax="1969-11-14" collectingDateMin="1909-12-26" collectorName="Sands" country="Indonesia" county="Gowa Regency" elevation="1000" location="Enrekang District" municipality="Lombasang" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Sulawesi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Gowa Regency</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Lombasang</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1921-05-26">26 May 1921</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Bunnemeyer 11732</emphasis>
|
||
(K, L); Gowa Regency, Lombasang,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1921-05-31">31 May 1921</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Bunnemeyer 11813A</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Bantaeng Regency, Bonthain [Bantaeng],
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1921-06-12">12 Jun 1921</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Bunnemeyer 12117</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Kolaka Regency, Baula,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1909-12-26">26 Dec 1909</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Elbert 3224</emphasis>
|
||
(L); Enrekang Regency,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:C794160C114CE0CB497376885884A69B" country="Indonesia" county="Gowa Regency" municipality="Lombasang" name="Enrekang District" stateProvince="South Sulawesi">Enrekang District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:321301A7DBF3347C5DF0A960157120E6" country="Indonesia" county="Gowa Regency" municipality="Lombasang" name="Latimojong Mts." stateProvince="South Sulawesi">Latimojong Mts.</location>
|
||
, in valley
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
. south west of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:512D2D7F4ED75AE795BB015FC1926F8D" country="Indonesia" county="Gowa Regency" municipality="Lombasang" name="Bunte Tjejeng" stateProvince="South Sulawesi">Bunte Tjejeng</location>
|
||
and south east of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:01B3117D8CF9D7FC25674CE0202FA9B3" country="Indonesia" county="Gowa Regency" municipality="Lombasang" name="Rantelemo" stateProvince="South Sulawesi">Rantelemo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" unit="m" value="1490.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" unit="m" value="1490.0">1490 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1969-11-14">14 Nov 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectorName>Sands</collectorName>
|
||
477
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A, E, K)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="Indonesia" location="Forbes" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Timor">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Timor">Timor</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: sin loc., 1882,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:9E15D281E9FD9EFD9BDBDB8F4F875C4E" country="Indonesia" name="Forbes" stateProvince="Timor">Forbes</location>
|
||
3806
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, L)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1918-05-29" collectorName="Bunnemeyer" country="Indonesia" elevation="1600" location="Mt. Singgalang" municipality="Agam Regency" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Sumatra">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat">West Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Agam Regency</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54446D30DD50A132095F680B2137B8CC:4262244B0FDA311CD974921544450A54" country="Indonesia" municipality="Agam Regency" name="Mt. Singgalang" stateProvince="West Sumatra">Mt. Singgalang</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1918-05-29">29 May 1918</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<collectorName>Bunnemeyer</collectorName>
|
||
2786
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A, L)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="103">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was long ignored after its first publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher="Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, Supplement" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="738 - 780" refId="B7" refString="Dunal, MF, 1814. Morelle, Solanum. Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, Supplement 3: 738 - 780" title="Morelle, Solanum." volume="3" year="1814">Dunal 1814</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has not been included in classical floristic treatments of Java (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hasskarl, JK" journalOrPublisher="Foerstner" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="513 - 516" refId="B11" refString="Hasskarl, JK, 1848. Plantae javanicae rariores, adjectis nonnullis exoticis, in Javae hortis cultis descriptae. Berolini, Sumptibus A. Foerstner: 513 - 516" title="Plantae javanicae rariores, adjectis nonnullis exoticis, in Javae hortis cultis descriptae. Berolini, Sumptibus A" year="1848">Hasskarl 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Backer 1965,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Steenis, CGGJ" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden Boston" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" refId="B32" refString="Van Steenis, CGGJ, Hamzah, A, Toha, M, 2006. The mountain flora of Java. Brill, Leiden Boston, 51 pp." title="The mountain flora of Java" year="2006">van Steenis et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or Sumatra (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miquel, FAW" journalOrPublisher="CG van der Poster, Amsterdam" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="235 - 236" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.11056" refId="B25" refString="Miquel, FAW, 1862. Sumatra, zijne plantenwereld en hare voortbrengselen. CG van der Poster, Amsterdam: 235 - 236, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.11056" title="Sumatra, zijne plantenwereld en hare voortbrengselen" url="10.5962/bhl.title.11056" year="1862">Miquel 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miquel, FAW" journalOrPublisher="Flora indiae batavae" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="636 - 657" refId="B24" refString="Miquel, FAW, 1856. . Flora indiae batavae Vol. 2: 636 - 657" volume="Vol. 2" year="1856">Miquel (1856)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koorders, DSH" journalOrPublisher="Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="166 - 167" refId="B15" refString="Koorders, DSH, 1912. Exkursionsflora von Java, umfassend die Bluetenpflanzen mit besonderer beruecksichtigung der im hochgebirge wildwachsenden arten, im auftrage des niederlaendischen Kolonialministeriums. Band III (Dikotyledonen, Metachlamydeae). Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena: 166 - 167" title="Exkursionsflora von Java, umfassend die Bluetenpflanzen mit besonderer beruecksichtigung der im hochgebirge wildwachsenden arten, im auftrage des niederlaendischen Kolonialministeriums. Band III (Dikotyledonen, Metachlamydeae)" year="1912">Koorders (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but both authors merely repeated
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dunal’s">Dunal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description, without referring to any specimens. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koorders, DSH" journalOrPublisher="G. Kolff & Co., Den Haag" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="547 - 548" refId="B16" refString="Koorders, DSH, 1918. Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa: tevens eerste overzicht der flora van n. o. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt. G. Kolff & Co., Den Haag: 547 - 548" title="Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa: tevens eerste overzicht der flora van n. o. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt" year="1918">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koorders’s">Koorders's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1918)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
botanical report on the flora of northeastern Sulawesi he lists several widespread and common
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="104" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lycopersicum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum torvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sw.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tuberosum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) as well as two shrubby
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species for which he did not provide names ("
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec. A" and "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec. B"). Two previously undetermined Koorders collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northeast Sulawesi (Minahasa Regency) in April 1895 (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Koorders 18035B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Koorders 18037B</emphasis>
|
||
, both L) correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that these two collections correspond to one (or both) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koorders, DSH" journalOrPublisher="G. Kolff & Co., Den Haag" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="547 - 548" refId="B16" refString="Koorders, DSH, 1918. Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa: tevens eerste overzicht der flora van n. o. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt. G. Kolff & Co., Den Haag: 547 - 548" title="Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa: tevens eerste overzicht der flora van n. o. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt" year="1918">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Koorders’">Koorders'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1918)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
unnamed species, but since he provided no descriptions or specific localities this is difficult, if not impossible, to ascertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Based on morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Torva</emphasis>
|
||
clade (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="1429 - 1441" refId="B29" refString="Stern, S, Agra, MF, Bohs, L, 2011. Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the 'spiny solanums' (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum). Taxon 60: 1429 - 1441" title="Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the ' spiny solanums' (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum)." volume="60" year="2011">Stern et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with its straight prickles, many flowered inflorescences and corollas with abundant interpetalar tissue (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A Lectotype of Solanum graciliflorum, illustration Sol. Tab. 47 [MPU 028534] made by T. F. Node-Veran (1773 - 1852). Reproduced with permission of the Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (Service de Patrimoine Historique); copyright Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (SPH) B Epitype of Solanum graciliflorum, T. Horsfield s. n. [BM 000886121] C Lectotype of Solanum poka, illustration Sol. Tab. 55 [MPU 028527] made by T. F. Node-Veran (1773 - 1852). Reproduced with permission of the Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (Service de Patrimoine Historique); copyright Universite de Montpellier - Herbier MPU (SPH) D Epitype of Solanum poka, T. Horsfield s. n. [BM 000886306]." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/105158" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). This hypothesis is corroborated by the molecular data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="199 - 223" publicationUrl="10.1111/boj.12412" refId="B1" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: 10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016">Aubriot et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to a clade composed of four native Old World species (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lauterb. & K.Schum. in Schumann" authorityYear="1898" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum dammerianum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dammerianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum dammerianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lauterb. & K.Schum,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S.S.Ying" authorityYear="1997" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum peikuoense" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peikuoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum peikuoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S.S.Ying,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Blume,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum torvoideum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torvoideum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum torvoideum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Merr. & L.M.Perry) with which it forms a strongly supported group, the 'Old World
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="torvoids’">torvoids'</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="199 - 223" publicationUrl="10.1111/boj.12412" refId="B1" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: 10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016">Aubriot et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a widespread species from Taiwan and southern China to Indonesia, but differs in having denser indumentum on the adaxial leaf surface, more numerous straight prickles on the upper stems, fewer, larger flowers with elongate strongly keeled calyx lobes, and much larger fruits. Flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are lilac or purplish-white while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always described on labels as white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
|
||
In the protologue Dunal referred to an illustration made by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Node-Véran">Node-Veran</normalizedToken>
|
||
, '
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Dun. Suppl. 7. Sol. Mss. tab. 55</emphasis>
|
||
', but cited no herbarium material. Similarly to the situation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we were unable to find any herbarium material matching the illustration in either P or MPU, although Dunal later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher="Renaud, Montpellier" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B8" refString="Dunal, MF, 1816. Solanorum generumque affinium synopsis. Renaud, Montpellier: 1 - 51" title="Solanorum generumque affinium synopsis" year="1816">Dunal 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher="Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B9" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis V (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae." volume="V" year="1852">1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) cited Leschenault as the collector of the material he had seen. We designate the unpublished illustration of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Node-Véran">Node-Veran</normalizedToken>
|
||
as the lectotype because it is the only extant original material we have identified to date. We designate here an epitype specimen from Java, the cited type locality, (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Horsfield s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, BM000886306) that best matches
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Node-Véran’s">Node-Veran's</normalizedToken>
|
||
illustration, particularly with respect to the diagnostic characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; leaf shape, prickle shape and calyx lobe morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
|
||
We have only seen three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java, the cited type locality, all collected by Thomas Horsfield, an American physician who collected on Java contemporaneously with Leschenault in the early part of the 19th century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McNair, JB" journalOrPublisher="Torreya" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B20" refString="McNair, JB, 1942. Thomas Horsfield - American naturalist and explorer. Torreya 42 (1): 1 - 9" title="Thomas Horsfield - American naturalist and explorer." volume="42" year="1942">McNair 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Steenis-Kruseman, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Malaysian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" pagination="321 - 322" refId="B33" refString="Van Steenis-Kruseman, MJ, Van Steenis, CGGJ, 1950. . Malaysian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950 1: 321 - 322" volume="1" year="1950">Van Steenis-Kruseman and Van Steenis 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, however, rather broadly distributed across the Malay Archiplago, with the distribution centred on Sulawesi and the surroundings islands (Malaku Islands, Talaud Islands) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Solanum graciliflorum and Solanum poka in the Malay Archipelago. Geographical information for these collections can be found in the data supplement to this article (Suppl. material 1)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.70.9758.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/105159" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorough examination of the extensive holdings in Indonesia (particularly those of the Bogor Botanical Garden Herbarium, BO) and, given the historically extensive natural habitat loss recorded for Java (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Margono, BA" journalOrPublisher="Nature Climate Change" pageId="9" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 6" publicationUrl="10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" refId="B18" refString="Margono, BA, Potapov, PV, Turubanova, S, Stolle, F, Hansen, MC, 2014. Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000-2012. Nature Climate Change 4: 1 - 6, DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" title="Primary forest cover loss in Indonesia over 2000 - 2012." url="10.1038/NCLIMATE2277" volume="4" year="2014">Margono et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), additional collecting are both needed to better understand the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, MF" journalOrPublisher="Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="8" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B9" refString="Dunal, MF, 1852. Solanaceae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis V (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae." volume="V" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited the herbarium name '
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum quercifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quercifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum quercifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Banks’">Banks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
taken from a specimen in BM collected by Joseph Banks in Java as part of his treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum poka" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poka">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum poka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Examination of this sheet (BM000886238) shows it belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudosaponaceum" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosaponaceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="104">Solanum pseudosaponaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |