142 lines
18 KiB
XML
142 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="437FA06504A5ED4D8679E9F6EA921A10">New and rarely found species of asynaptine Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in northern Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A0ED0E79886329C04EB35811465ADF0">Jaschhof, Mathias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DA5DED1E943547FA598269E2C7338339">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C4087808A41FFE823A46F77FDDC6CC9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157137067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C4087808A41FFE823A46F77FDDC6CC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C4087808A41FFE823A46F77FDDC6CC9" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
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<subSubSection id="8CF3651D8A41FFE823A46F77FE7A6AED" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C45636968A41FFE823A46F77FEEB69A9" blockId="3.[151,339,369,395]" box="[151,339,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
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<heading id="9F1E81FA8A41FFE823A46F77FEEB69A9" bold="true" box="[151,339,369,395]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE823A46F77FEEB69A9" ID-CoL="34S4" ID-ENA="574046" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,339,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE823A46F77FEEB69A9" bold="true" box="[151,339,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE823A46F77FEBF69A9" bold="true" box="[151,263,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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Loew
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C45636968A41FFE823A46FBFFE7A6AED" blockId="3.[151,1437,440,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
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The taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE822536FBFFE7069F1" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[352,456,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE822536FBFFE7069F1" box="[352,456,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe was revised three times in the past few decades (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE8275B6FBFFAB469F1" author="Panelius, S." box="[1128,1292,440,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 157" refId="ref13706" refString="Panelius, S. (1965) A revision of the European gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae (Diptera: Itonididae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 113, 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1965">Panelius 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 72;
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE826716FBFFF6A69D5" author="Spungis, V." pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="104 - 112" refId="ref13740" refString="Spungis, V. (1988) New and uncommon gall midges of the genus Asynapta H. Loew (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of the European part of the USSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Latviskoj SSR, 1988, 104 - 112. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1988">Spungis 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE823ED6FDBFDB069D5" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." box="[222,520,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 312ff.). As a result, 17 European species have been recognized, including several with Holarctic distributions (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE822E46C07FD516A39" author="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M." box="[471,745,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" refId="ref13081" refString="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. Digital. Version 3. 4 th Edition. Available from: http: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2017 _ World _ Cat _ 4 th _ ed. pdf (accessed 15 January 2019)" type="book" year="2017">Gagné & Jaschhof 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). Oddly enough, the
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<typeStatus id="1B5288348A41FFE820FD6C07FC466A39" box="[974,1022,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">type</typeStatus>
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species,
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE827516C07FE886A1D" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Cecidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis" subGenus="Asynapta">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE827516C07FB506A39" box="[1122,1256,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Cecidomyia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE827C46C07FAE76A39" box="[1271,1375,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE8265C6C07FF516A1D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">longicollis</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE822826C23FDA16A1D" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[433,537,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE822826C23FDA16A1D" box="[433,537,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Europe whose identity remains unresolved (see
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE827606C23FB4D6A1D" author="Panelius, S." box="[1107,1269,548,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 157" refId="ref13706" refString="Panelius, S. (1965) A revision of the European gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae (Diptera: Itonididae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 113, 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1965">Panelius 1965</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<specimenCount id="D2EFFD1F8A41FFE827CC6C22FA976A1D" box="[1279,1327,548,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" type="generic">75f.</specimenCount>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE826096C23FEE26A41" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 312). While purposeful search for
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE821D96C4FFCEA6A41" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[746,850,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE821D96C4FFCEA6A41" box="[746,850,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in parts of northern Europe had earlier revealed the occurrence of 13 different species, three new species from
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<collectingCountry id="BCFE76068A41FFE8201B6C6BFC396AA5" box="[808,897,621,647]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="BCFE76068A41FFE820846C6BFBB56AA5" box="[951,1037,621,647]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Finland</collectingCountry>
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are added here to the Nordic fauna. At the same time, one species is recognized as a synonym, so that a total of 15 different
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE8274D6C97FB5E6A89" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[1150,1254,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE8274D6C97FB5E6A89" box="[1150,1254,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are now known to be present in the region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CF3651D8A41FFE823F46CDFFDDC6CC9" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C45636968A41FFE823F46CDFFDDC6CC9" blockId="3.[151,1437,440,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">
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As has been pointed out earlier, the copulatory organ of
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE8200B6CDFFC186AD1" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[824,928,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE8200B6CDFFC186AD1" box="[824,928,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a complex structure that, given its tininess, complexity and weak sclerotization, is difficult to study using transmitted-light microscopy (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE827836CFBFF6B6B19" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 314). Its construction was reexamined in the course of the present study and is reinterpreted here as follows. Both ventral and dorsal parameres are present, with the ventral parameres exhibiting a wide range of completely different shapes (see, for example,
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<figureCitation id="5CD22A138A41FFE821156D6FFD0E6BA1" box="[550,694,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[265,1324,416,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1360,378,1162]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Genitalic morphology of Asynapta spp. 1: Gonostylus of A. inflatoides, ventral, paratype. 2: Gonostylus of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 3: Aedeagus and parameres of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 4: Genitalia of A. taigensis, ventral, holotype. Scales for 1–3, 0.025 mm, for 4, 0.05 mm. Arrows refer to characters described in the diagnoses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2807066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Figs 3 and 4</figureCitation>
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), and with the dorsal parameres, previously believed to represent the greatly extended aedeagal apex, completely merged to form a tegmen (
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<figureCitation id="5CD22A138A41FFE820EB6D8BFBA46B85" box="[984,1052,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[265,1324,416,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1360,378,1162]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Genitalic morphology of Asynapta spp. 1: Gonostylus of A. inflatoides, ventral, paratype. 2: Gonostylus of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 3: Aedeagus and parameres of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 4: Genitalia of A. taigensis, ventral, holotype. Scales for 1–3, 0.025 mm, for 4, 0.05 mm. Arrows refer to characters described in the diagnoses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2807066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). As an indication of its parameral rather than aedeagal origin, the tegmen has anterolateral apodemes for the attachment of muscles and is connected with the gonocoxae via lateral bridges (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE821646DD3FC306BCD" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." box="[599,904,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 158B). The aedeagal apodeme, which lies in between the ventral and dorsal parameres, is usually vestigial and only in some species clearly discernible. In
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE826B76DFFFEF26C15" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliciperda">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE826B76DFFFEAC6C15" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">A. saliciperda</emphasis>
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Felt
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</taxonomicName>
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, for instance, the apodeme is a distinctive, sclerotized rod that transitions into a faintly darkened, bifurcate structure, which represents the visible portion of the otherwise completely transparent aedeagal apex (
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE823AC6A63FE746C5D" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." box="[159,460,1125,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 159B); the aedeagal apex and tegmen appear to be completely amalgamated here. In most other species of
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<taxonomicName id="03E94D158A41FFE822826A8FFDA16C81" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1850" box="[433,537,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asynapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F69DEA848A41FFE822826A8FFDA16C81" box="[433,537,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Asynapta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only vestige visible of the aedeagus is a faint, reverted V- or arrow-shape, which indicates the presence of the ejaculatory gland ducts entering the posterior end of the aedeagal apodeme (
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<figureCitation id="5CD22A138A41FFE8265C6AABFF1F6CC9" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1186,1211]" captionTargetBox="[265,1324,416,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1360,378,1162]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Genitalic morphology of Asynapta spp. 1: Gonostylus of A. inflatoides, ventral, paratype. 2: Gonostylus of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 3: Aedeagus and parameres of A. rickebasta, ventral, holotype. 4: Genitalia of A. taigensis, ventral, holotype. Scales for 1–3, 0.025 mm, for 4, 0.05 mm. Arrows refer to characters described in the diagnoses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2807066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="284">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A0784B678A41FFE823876AD7FE676CC9" author="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C." box="[180,479,1233,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="284" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref13243" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 158B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |