360 lines
68 KiB
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360 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-73-717" ID-Pensoft-UUID="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" ID-ZooBank="8F3D5EDA2F184E5CA53E2F7741FF1339" ModsDocID="2625-8498-73-717" checkinTime="1695893367890" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Georgalis, Georgios L." docDate="2023" docId="38EF4E901D736DD5587DD6E3FFC079A2" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 73: 717-886" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 73" docPubDate="2023-09-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" docTitle="Afrophidia Vidal, Delmas & Hedges 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" lastPageNumber="717" masterDocId="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column" masterLastPageNumber="886" masterPageNumber="717" pageNumber="717" updateTime="1695893367890" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="B2C2418016617E380482E61ADC75DB14">An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="64C678B7D44D82CA4F1E9B287931A03A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="86F51B558FF87A9ECC7482272CA9723E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EDB1E79798CC5A3C005E3D1F5E39AD5F">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="46E310BB1C9BA58D29478CFDDDC73600">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD80D30B4209641EF61157BF0B52759E">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E38B4080DDA5177E988899B9C5B328B5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-6146</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4698D0FBB0BB1D4413CF9BE98533B0C8">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B29D55EA84CF43CF778526AE343BA47" type="email">dimetrodon82@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C74EEB860C3A880BD06708C2093E86EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="558C8BA1A2A798762FDB70C216FBBF67">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D5D3BF92FA0827D8DAC2695D46BA7245">
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<mods:date id="45EB90522E84A15F118F6E30FA6D235B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22AEBC7E9AFDF98B2122BEDF003D5014">2023-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8750DF55133FDBCC353689CB958F97DB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="603F87139928BB76C566A1AD64A1D95E">73</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="705C91C32E7D0EA64453DC1D97BD114D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B61442A944EE61C3B1ACA186B340019F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="CD2CEA6C5CAA8461C380D84439BA422C" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4DE783E2CFD6257362437009164AB938" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="A6FE5DAB7EA578E612C2188BACF5709C" ID-CoL="622SS" ID-ENA="51842" authority="Stejneger, 1907" authorityName="Vidal, Delmas & Hedges" authorityYear="2007" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="family">Aniliidae Stejneger, 1907</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8E265E42B61AF1E37C953903708898A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="general information">
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<paragraph id="E5F8DD6C616BA0433012D60BD48A59D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">General information.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ADB580FC20EEEF8439C513CD71481940" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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The taxonomic content and exact affinities of the group that is commonly known as
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<normalizedToken id="0A0F2B03A9F153F591A3075947DC6AEC" originalValue="“pipesnakes”">"pipesnakes"</normalizedToken>
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, i.e., the American
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<taxonomicName id="DCB163C41C456CB802E16433C2E281C0" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CB2BC3A13960D2D2BD5894162D8F8CAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Oken, 1816, and the Asian
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<taxonomicName id="D6E20593E280980D183F07F6808B8DBA" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Anomochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anomochilus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="29FFC3D016D44B85455FE14241FE19EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anomochilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Berg, 1901, and
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<taxonomicName id="A751889C7BF06B94E52EBC6C51D0F0EE" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="572A8FF10CE822555733ABE6B17EA8E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Wagler, 1828, has been variously altered throughout decades of systematic studies of snakes. They were once known during the 19th century under the names
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<taxonomicName id="8190BFF67442358271BBFB734DFB4688" family="Ilysiidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="family">Ilysiidae</taxonomicName>
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(or Ilysioidea) (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="9DE64EDFB5A700E905DFA7312C5BDABF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683" author="Fitzinger, LJFJ" journalOrPublisher="Huebner, Vienna" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B174" refString="Fitzinger, LJFJ, 1826. Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natuerlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Museums zu Wien. J. G. Huebner, Vienna, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683" title="Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Natuerlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Museums zu Wien. J. G." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4683" year="1826">Fitzinger 1826</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="484ABBC65A6340694D793ACED5F6AD8A" author="Bonaparte, CL" journalOrPublisher="Atti delle Riunioni degli scienziati italiani" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B72" refString="Bonaparte, CL, 1852. Conspectus systematum herpetologiae et amphibiologiae. Editio altera reformata. (Continuazione). Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali, Bologna, Serie III 5: 89-96 and 477-480." title="Conspectus systematum herpetologiae et amphibiologiae. Editio altera reformata. (Continuazione). Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali, Bologna, Serie III 5: 89 - 96 and 477 - 480." year="1852">Bonaparte 1852</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AF9D4BFAA42651F13C90E6266F2072E7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100797" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B81" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1890b. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100797" title="The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100797" year="1890 b">Boulenger 1890b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="57EC456A8EB92209D5CE00B9EE914321" author="Boulenger, GΑ" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B83" refString="Boulenger, GΑ, 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1, Containing the Families Typhlopidae, Glauconidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" title="Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume 1, Containing the Families Typhlopidae, Glauconidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part." year="1893">1893</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="902824E6A1C2A60C3EBBDB68D21905F5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="831 - 844" refId="B134" refString="Cope, ED, 1894. The Classification of Snakes. The American Naturalist 28: 831 - 844, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" title="The Classification of Snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/276022" volume="28" year="1894">Cope 1894</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0AED7C607159D4A9B8EC1F073B7BE34D" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 1143" refId="B137" refString="Cope, ED, 1898. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 1 - 1143" title="The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U. S." volume="1898" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C57F504BDA4CC9DB6F3E371752A0B8C9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.160212" author="Gadow, HF" journalOrPublisher="Macmillan and Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B182" refString="Gadow, HF, 1901. Amphibia and Reptiles. Cambridge Natural History. Vol. III. Macmillan and Co., London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.160212" title="Amphibia and Reptiles. Cambridge Natural History. Vol. III." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.160212" year="1901">Gadow 1901</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A96C26D7E2AD7C03824325A2855780B6" author="Janensch, W" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 33" refId="B308" refString="Janensch, W, 1906. Ueber Archaeophis proavus Mass., eine Schlange aus dem Eocaen des Monte Bolca. Beitraege zur Palaeontologie und Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients 19: 1 - 33" title="Ueber Archaeophis proavus Mass., eine Schlange aus dem Eocaen des Monte Bolca." volume="19" year="1906">Janensch 1906</bibRefCitation>
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) or
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<taxonomicName id="9CB8D205E082C7E63A4A173F4A1BBB79" class="Hexapoda" family="Tortricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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(or
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<taxonomicName id="4DC66270198C290ECD411A14680F50A3" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Tortricina">Tortricina</taxonomicName>
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or Tortriciens) (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="DD7A49DF33C07FCEBC05C29B98C787BC" author="Mueller, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Physiologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="190 - 275" refId="B394" refString="Mueller, J, 1831. Beitraege zur Anatomie und Naturgeschichte der Amphibien. Zeitschrift fuer Physiologie 4: 190 - 275" title="Beitraege zur Anatomie und Naturgeschichte der Amphibien." volume="4" year="1831">
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<normalizedToken id="F9131F0300C4CB86CBB7F379FDEBFE63" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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1831
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="15B18ECB38715AD6C49FD1C503EDB6E3" author="Dumeril, AMC" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B156" refString="Dumeril, AMC, Bibron, G, 1844. Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Tome sixieme. Compenant l'histoire generale des ophidiens, la description des genres et des especes de serpents non venimeux, savoir, la totalite des vermiformes ou des scolecophides, et partie des circuriformes ou azemiophides; en tout vingt-cinq genres et soixante-cinq especes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" title="Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Tome sixieme. Compenant l'histoire generale des ophidiens, la description des genres et des especes de serpents non venimeux, savoir, la totalite des vermiformes ou des scolecophides, et partie des circuriformes ou azemiophides; en tout vingt-cinq genres et soixante-cinq especes." year="1844">
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<normalizedToken id="1C195E64776153ED7669BEC32C44BA8B" originalValue="Duméril">Dumeril</normalizedToken>
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and Bibron 1844
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B2AB413825C47732D8B890B02592736B" author="Jan, G" journalOrPublisher="Luigi di Giacomo Pirola, Milano" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4698" refId="B301" refString="Jan, G, 1857. Cenni sul Museo civico di Milano ed indice sistematico dei rettili ed anfibi esposti nel medesimo. Luigi di Giacomo Pirola, Milano, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4698" title="Cenni sul Museo civico di Milano ed indice sistematico dei rettili ed anfibi esposti nel medesimo." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4698" year="1857">Jan 1857</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F8E69CD4369EAC8BF72F92FA05116C5C" author="Jan, G" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="238 - 252" refId="B303" refString="Jan, G, 1862. Ueber die Familien der Eryciden und Tortriciden. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 28 (1): 238 - 252" title="Ueber die Familien der Eryciden und Tortriciden." volume="28" year="1862">1862</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="139DE8A67302DEA1C2F96D789B8EE4E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106683" author="Jan, G" journalOrPublisher="Lombardi, Milano" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B304" refString="Jan, G, 1863. Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l'Iconografia generale. A. Lombardi, Milano, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106683" title="Elenco sistematico degli ofidi descritti e disegnati per l'Iconografia generale. A." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.106683" year="1863">1863</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="662E778FBF8E9E9F50802072EAB7C341" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11951" author="Peters, GCH [WCH]" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B445" refString="Peters, GCH [WCH], 1861. De serpentum familia Uropeltaceorum. G. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11951" title="De serpentum familia Uropeltaceorum. G." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11951" year="1861">Peters 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="0097A585B26B6B5CF38B4D2B4614F548" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="224 - 231" refId="B124" refString="Cope, ED, 1864. On the characters of the higher Groups of Reptilia Squamata - and especially of Diploglossa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 16: 224 - 231" title="On the characters of the higher Groups of Reptilia Squamata - and especially of Diploglossa." volume="16" year="1864">Cope 1864</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4AA71F3F952B08F98FCA5E95D6225A42" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="7 - 98" refId="B132" refString="Cope, ED, 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 32: 7 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" title="Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" volume="32" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="20A8F85C949628D04977275049A7E605" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="The American Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="477 - 483" refId="B133" refString="Cope, ED, 1893. Prodromus of a new System of the non-venomous snakes. The American Naturalist 27: 477 - 483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" title="Prodromus of a new System of the non-venomous snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/275737" volume="27" year="1893">1893</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="6B82D238A06022A9F6B6D967FF077D84" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="186 - 219" refId="B135" refString="Cope, ED, 1895. The classification of the Ophidia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 18: 186 - 219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" title="The classification of the Ophidia." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1005387" volume="18" year="1895">1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5AE9C0BE62ED09F5D9CA651AC872143" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 1143" refId="B137" refString="Cope, ED, 1898. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 1 - 1143" title="The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Reports of the U. S." volume="1898" year="1898">1898</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D7E42F52491B7351E09C834B3C25666" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5012" author="Guenther, ACLG" journalOrPublisher="Ray Society, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B235" refString="Guenther, ACLG, 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5012" title="The Reptiles of British India." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5012" year="1864">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B889CE7BE3BD709050C9D3FABC77DE5" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
|
||
1864
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC80FF154BB1837521BA2F79D9CA634B" author="Jan, G" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere et fils, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B306" refString="Jan, G, 1865. Iconographie generale des ophidiens. Deuxieme famille, les Uropeltiens; troisieme famille, les Tortriciens; quatrieme famille, les Boidiens. J. B. Bailliere et fils, Paris, 43-100." title="Iconographie generale des ophidiens. Deuxieme famille, les Uropeltiens; troisieme famille, les Tortriciens; quatrieme famille, les Boidiens. J. B. Bailliere et fils, Paris, 43 - 100." year="1865">Jan 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B11C8D902EA91309046921D12A1E0D5" author="Carus, JV" journalOrPublisher="Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B111" refString="Carus, JV, 1868. Handbuch der Zoologie. Wirbelthiere. W. Engelmann, Leipzig" title="Handbuch der Zoologie. Wirbelthiere. W." year="1868">Carus 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E5AE811B38C9B9F8FEA24596C1755F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2387" author="Mueller, F" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="120 - 165" refId="B393" refString="Mueller, F, 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 7: 120 - 165, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2387" title="Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.2387" volume="7" year="1880">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C04686DC6093D513F6154FA035C7458A" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||
1880
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E4F7C8EAA7FF3128F47D48DE93F0F16" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Saone-et-Loire" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="149 - 164" refId="B511" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1884. Faune ophiologique des Phosphorites du Quercy. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Saone-et-Loire 5: 149 - 164" title="Faune ophiologique des Phosphorites du Quercy." volume="5" year="1884">Rochebrune 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5874563CBB8292636F917E884CE92730" author="Zittel, KA" journalOrPublisher="Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B697" refString="Zittel, KA, 1887-1890. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig" title="Handbuch der Palaeontologie. Palaeozoologie. III. Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves. R." year="1887 - 1890">Zittel 1887-1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3757110923F3755A9C02C8F66F8C522" author="Palacky, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="88 - 125" refId="B424" refString="Palacky, J, 1898. La distribution des ophidiens sur le globe. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 11: 88 - 125" title="La distribution des ophidiens sur le globe." volume="11" year="1898">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C699EB75E7D122AB5DBF08057067F77A" originalValue="Palacký">Palacky</normalizedToken>
|
||
1898
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BED3EF35866D312274C026CE756BE34F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" author="Cope, ED" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="7 - 98" refId="B132" refString="Cope, ED, 1887. Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 32: 7 - 98, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" title="Catalogue of batrachians and reptiles of Central America and Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.32" volume="32" year="1887">Cope (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also included the uropeltids in anilioids, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="793A7A5159BFF0D505BF44088F70947A" author="Romer, AS" journalOrPublisher="University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B512" refString="Romer, AS, 1956. Osteology of the Reptiles. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL" title="Osteology of the Reptiles." year="1956">Romer (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F478AD3BF5087383F0CA8B2DDEA9CB0" author="Kuhn, O" journalOrPublisher="Verlagshaus Meisenbach KG, Bamberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B330" refString="Kuhn, O, 1961. Die Familien der rezenten und fossilen Amphibien und Reptilien. Verlagshaus Meisenbach KG, Bamberg" title="Die Familien der rezenten und fossilen Amphibien und Reptilien." year="1961">Kuhn (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="63C5328DEDD524738521E3D89A2B618A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1563131" author="Smith, HM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="115 - 121" refId="B569" refString="Smith, HM, Smith, RB, Sawin, HL, 1977. A summary of snake classification (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of Herpetology 11: 115 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1563131" title="A summary of snake classification (Reptilia, Serpentes)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1563131" volume="11" year="1977">Smith et al. (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="49A9AE2BC6BE5DA4FCDC236A68D8A924" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" author="McDowell, SB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 79" refId="B379" refString="McDowell, SB, 1975. A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae. Journal of Herpetology 9: 1 - 79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" title="A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1562691" volume="9" year="1975">McDowell (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57622F364E0B750228F20BDDAC395B87" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1445695" author="McDowell, SB" editor="Seigel, RA" journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="3 - 50" refId="B380" refString="McDowell, SB, 1987. Systematics. In: Seigel, RA, Collins, JT, Novak, SS, Eds., Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Macmillan, New York: 3 - 50, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1445695" title="Systematics." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1445695" volumeTitle="Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology." year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) further added
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FE39690CFE25A6F58C751D898FCEFD5" authorityName="Reinwardt in Boie" authorityYear="1827" class="Squamata" family="Loxocemidae" genus="Xenopeltis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenopeltis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="823C06B147932170B8249931D6627E78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Xenopeltis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reinwardt in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47A2D14BE3C7AF375CA95F92C50B0416" originalValue="Boié">Boie</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1827, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="631B82CD4C0E1F766F64A6A5484E0717" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49B886E6FCECBD32F310083B96FCA1F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cope, 1861.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="72AD3566FE0D587FE424F951EE282CC2" author="Guibe, J" editor="Grasse, PP" journalOrPublisher="Tome XIV, Reptiles. Fascicule III, Glandes endocrines - Embryologie - Systematique - Paleontologie. Masson et Cie., Libraires de l'Academie de Medecine, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1054 - 1160" refId="B232" refString="Guibe, J, 1970. La systematique des reptiles actuels. In: Grasse, PP, Ed., Traite de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systematique, Biologie. Tome XIV, Reptiles. Fascicule III, Glandes endocrines - Embryologie - Systematique - Paleontologie. Masson et Cie., Libraires de l'Academie de Medecine, Paris: 1054 - 1160" title="La systematique des reptiles actuels." volumeTitle="Traite de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systematique, Biologie." year="1970">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD0EF2D5AF7A7C35F49EB4A9780ABE61" originalValue="Guibé">Guibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1970)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0C342C01B9039E17B6467652219B320" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE940360EE622877998CC0FE99399C66" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37ACCF0C6F17FE2AAC938419049E9218" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF9E67706592CD47EB74269C9BF7B3DF" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFA017A38CCBF8B4B869752567DB1EBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1DB301E85F47312FE1F91DC310A6217" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Anomochilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anomochilus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06CB65FB5138A3155EE3337325A66C81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anomochilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In a similar manner,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D371E5169206711299105A67AA453C8C" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anilioidea">Anilioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
was later confined to include these three genera, all pertaining to their own families or subfamilies (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE3DABDF6C5988AF56341A9B613C9C59" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb02536.x" author="Cundall, D" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="275 - 299" refId="B139" refString="Cundall, D, Wallach, V, Rossman, DA, 1993. The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109: 275 - 299, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb02536.x" title="The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb02536.x" volume="109" year="1993">Cundall et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That traditional concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A6346043B40FB8F47BF27569438074F" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anilioidea">Anilioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered as a paraphyletic assemblage by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20883B3C7AD53294229EB9FA88A18FA1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00315.x" author="Gower, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="315 - 320" refId="B217" refString="Gower, DJ, Vidal, N, Spinks, JN, McCarthy, CJ, 2005. First inclusion of Anomochilidae in molecular phylogenetics of the major lineages of snakes. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43: 315 - 320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00315.x" title="First inclusion of Anomochilidae in molecular phylogenetics of the major lineages of snakes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00315.x" volume="43" year="2005">Gower et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a view that has been subsequently followed by others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66CDFC3DEAB905B1250BDBB9255FFD72" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32FD913C70C3A0FAD9B8197AFDE480B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D70110ED3DBE8D7B90BF6975803CFA3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" author="Smith, KT" editor="Gower, D" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="55 - 84" refId="B571" refString="Smith, KT, Georgalis, GL, 2022. The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency. In: Gower, D, Zaher, H, Eds., , The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 55 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" title="The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" volumeTitle=", The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes." year="2022">Smith and Georgalis 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed, recent molecular studies treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB570C3A98BBA09C8094D43D9622EB64" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="400514A08962EFCA99174F90A6E07904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E73545589148E5623CCA21A7FA3EFA97" class="Reptilia" family="Tropidophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tropidophiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, united in a group termed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE7231BE000A825F4BF9B943B4B5B971" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Amerophidia">Amerophidia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F745F0BFF0ADBE5EFFC4687649C2DA66" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Uropeltis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uropeltis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02074B0E386C341174032FF096298346" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Uropeltis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cuvier, 1829, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A397D785A4717ACB0804F3B21F7C5D83" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E387465A841172F4D336BB5AAC01EFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are united in a more distantly related group termed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C206D2188CCCC1BDB21CAEE539DE375D" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Uropeltoidea">Uropeltoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11DD0D7B33240C700B5F7B14CC22A0C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" author="Miralles, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1782 - 1793" refId="B387" refString="Miralles, A, Marin, J, Markus, D, Herrel, A, Hedges, BS, Vidal, N, 2018. Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 31: 1782 - 1793, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" title="Molecular evidence for the paraphyly of Scolecophidia and its evolutionary implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13373" volume="31" year="2018">Miralles et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38F9DA4830951962EA5EE4E985A47C3F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz062" author="Burbrink, FT" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="502 - 520" refId="B101" refString="Burbrink, FT, Grazziotin, FG, Pyron, RA, Cundall, D, Donnellan, S, Irish, F, Keogh, JS, Kraus, F, Murphy, RW, Noonan, B, Raxworthy, CJ, Ruane, S, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Zaher, H, 2020. Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships. Systematic Biology 69: 502 - 520, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz062" title="Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz062" volume="69" year="2020">Burbrink et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4910889ED381A3FDA445348995D3AECB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001" author="Zaher, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="656 - 697" refId="B694" refString="Zaher, H, Mohabey, DM, Grazziotin, FG, Mantilla, JAW, 2023. The skull of Sanajeh indicus, a Cretaceous snake with an upper temporal bar, and the origin of ophidian wide-gaped feeding. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 656 - 697, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001" title="The skull of Sanajeh indicus, a Cretaceous snake with an upper temporal bar, and the origin of ophidian wide-gaped feeding." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac001" volume="197" year="2023">Zaher et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see the respective entry below). As such,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1094129D9AC68981D213B4E8F754E3E9" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently conceived to include among extant snakes solely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90E3AD91B3377D853778867E46CD0ADA" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D9F189ABED67A2E451E164128E71236" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A89DBDFB556557EC6A4622B4ED68763" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius scytale" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scytale">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A05F1970990834F3CAED327AC4EB346" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius scytale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758), distributed only in northern South America. Fossorial habits for these snakes are already clearly indicated by their etymology, i.e., from the Greek
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9B456D8633DAE5608F8A3FF6622CF0D" originalValue="“ἀν-”">"ἀν-"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(privative affix for
|
||
<normalizedToken id="41377711E64A295DDB35B0D92163F272" originalValue="“no”">"no"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5FFAAD967B26782EFFBE9B25E49545EF" originalValue="“without”">"without"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="93DC6FB4736DDA9499FB5441F947C567" originalValue="“ἥλιος”">"ἥλιος"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D9E3351F0E6328AAA23FD9DBA073DC1" originalValue="“sun”">"sun"</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A9139C3436784451E989AAA24F9E28CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||
Although a number of fossil remains and taxa has been referred to aniliids in the past few decades (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16E40C86A980C885CBC90058CCC93935" author="Rage, J-C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeovertebrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="274 - 303" refId="B474" refString="Rage, J-C, 1974. Les Serpents des Phosphorites du Quercy. Palaeovertebrata 6: 274 - 303" title="Les Serpents des Phosphorites du Quercy." volume="6" year="1974">Rage 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41C47B7BC412C2CA8228AB9F6BDE1028" author="Rage, J-C" editor="Wellnhofer, P" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 80" refId="B477" refString="Rage, J-C, 1984. Serpentes. In: Wellnhofer, P, Ed., Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York: 1 - 80" title="Serpentes." volumeTitle="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 11." year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBC56B1B17AD232A1FF7845AAF87BDD9" author="Rage, J-C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeovertebrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="109 - 144" refId="B480" refString="Rage, J-C, 1998. Fossil snakes from the Palaeocene of Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil. Part I. Madtsoiidae, Aniliidae. Palaeovertebrata 27: 109 - 144" title="Fossil snakes from the Palaeocene of Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil. Part I. Madtsoiidae, Aniliidae." volume="27" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="254357C4F69E83F136DFA6124B44EE3A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011536" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="24 - 37" refId="B610" refString="Szyndlar, Z, 1994. Oligocene snakes of southern Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 24 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011536" title="Oligocene snakes of southern Germany." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011536" volume="14" year="1994">Szyndlar 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DB6B4CE33755E0884E22E4995488E19" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-009-0009-5" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="55 - 66" refId="B611" refString="Szyndlar, Z, 2009. Snake fauna (Reptilia: Serpentes) from the middle Miocene of Sandelzhausen and Rothenstein 13 (Germany). Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83: 55 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-009-0009-5" title="Snake fauna (Reptilia: Serpentes) from the middle Miocene of Sandelzhausen and Rothenstein 13 (Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-009-0009-5" volume="83" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B76357BBC8902768936AF9BA4C5708D7" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Revista Espanola de Herpetologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B612" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Alferez, F, 2005. Iberian snake fauna of the early/middle Miocene transition. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia 19: 57 - 70" title="Iberian snake fauna of the early / middle Miocene transition." volume="19" year="2005">
|
||
Szyndlar and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81EBBA05BAF233225A73DE984F7CE5AA" originalValue="Alférez">Alferez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F147F3DF8D97FBECF11DFDEFA5531E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001" author="Auge, ML" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Paleontologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="235 - 253" refId="B25" refString="Auge, ML, Rage, J-C, 2006. Herpetofaunas from the upper Paleocene and lower Eocene of Morocco. Annales de Paleontologie 92: 235 - 253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001" title="Herpetofaunas from the upper Paleocene and lower Eocene of Morocco." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annpal.2005.09.001" volume="92" year="2006">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D859E38038AFA35B84B6C936A4620203" originalValue="Augé">Auge</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rage 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="00054989C4023F832B02B665D97C6182" DOI="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-4-205-224" author="Syromyatnikova, E" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="205 - 224" refId="B604" refString="Syromyatnikova, E, Georgalis, GL, Mayda, S, Kaya, T, Sarac, G, 2019. A new early Miocene herpetofauna from Kilcak, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology 26: 205 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-4-205-224" title="A new early Miocene herpetofauna from Kilcak, Turkey." url="https://doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-4-205-224" volume="26" year="2019">Syromyatnikova et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), taking also into consideration the paraphyly of the traditional concept of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAA9BC2B9E9B62C1629387127810869" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anilioidea">Anilioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
", it is not possible to determine where exactly most of these lie within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B694D188EC878621CABFE05FA5683BF4" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" infraOrder="Alethinophidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" rank="infraOrder">Alethinophidia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9D8894432FE7F4A352CBC5843C5BA5F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A73B196A5A8628249ABAA6D077580032" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" author="Smith, KT" editor="Gower, D" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="55 - 84" refId="B571" refString="Smith, KT, Georgalis, GL, 2022. The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency. In: Gower, D, Zaher, H, Eds., , The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 55 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" title="The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" volumeTitle=", The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes." year="2022">Smith and Georgalis 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly, the sole few definite fossil occurrences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACB01B95FC720D65824BC98CE1DF5AFA" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic of the Americas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="658EB3075A1C3FBDC330A3BE65019B03" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20D7A0BB848B2C4B7DC39EB4A34651CD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.005" author="Head, JJ" editor="Gower, D" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="26 - 54" refId="B248" refString="Head, JJ, Howard, AFC, Mueller, J, 2022. The first 80 million years of snake evolution: The Mesozoic fossil record of snakes and its implications for origin hypotheses, biogeography, and mass extinction. In: Gower, D, Zaher, H, Eds., The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 26 - 54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.005" title="The first 80 million years of snake evolution: The Mesozoic fossil record of snakes and its implications for origin hypotheses, biogeography, and mass extinction." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.005" volumeTitle="The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes." year="2022">Head et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DCCEF2B5E6659FE684D2F63B8A139994" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" author="Smith, KT" editor="Gower, D" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="55 - 84" refId="B571" refString="Smith, KT, Georgalis, GL, 2022. The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency. In: Gower, D, Zaher, H, Eds., , The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 55 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" title="The diversity and distribution of Palaeogene snakes - A review, with comments on vertebral sufficiency." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938891.006" volumeTitle=", The Origin and Early Evolution of Snakes." year="2022">Smith and Georgalis 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including also the only known fossil record of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F51DD297DACA70BBE4A358B97F373C24" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius scytale" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scytale">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC01C0EB5EBEDE8EF813FB544E6C1952" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius scytale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Pliocene of Venezuela (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47BF7F0C98DA60B608F27FCDD5894811" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6" author="Carrillo-Briceno, JD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B110" refString="Carrillo-Briceno, JD, Sanchez, R, Scheyer, TM, Carrillo, JD, Delfino, M, Georgalis, GL, Kerber, L, Ruiz-Ramoni, D, Birindelli, JLO, Cadena, E-A, Rincon, AF, Chavez-Hoffmeister, M, Carlini, AA, Carvalho, MR, Trejos-Tamayo, R, Vallejo, F, Jaramillo, C, Jones, DS, Sanchez-Villagra, MR, 2021. A Pliocene-Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 140: 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6" title="A Pliocene-Pleistocene continental biota from Venezuela. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 140: 9." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00216-6" year="2021">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1C7A56F997872C79A3B51C5D8DF46A7" originalValue="Carrillo-Briceño">Carrillo-Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="49A26456F08C6A20157EB2DC82FA6144" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||
Vertebral morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C994440ABCF8FA528802A854F8D39F2" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by being relatively heavily built, an elongate centrum, depressed cotyle and condyle, depressed neural arch, neural spine with short anterior lamina that is strongly reduced dorsoventrally but crosses most of the anteroposterior length of the neural arch, shallow (but not absent) median notch of the neural arch, elongate prezygapophyses elevated to just shorter than zygosphene and angled at around 20°-25°, prominent (very thick and plate-like in shape) hypapophysis in anterior trunk vertebrae and a distinct haemal keel in succeeding trunk vertebrae, lack of haemapophyses or hypapophyses in caudal vertebrae, and a very low number of caudal vertebrae (for more details see Description and figures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DCD8F83FBB99F45BAB51D5625E5F78D" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CB5D27FD7D264D8732665851813D157" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="721186E66AFBF0DB29BED55DC262EA58" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
||
Previous figures of vertebrae of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="977BBFC2461CB43D67ECD7DF1AF1B24B" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been so far presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38016313134E9F3896B4F81796531808" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC10CE5AFCE7C353FB82EEBDD499414F" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London and New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B272" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, J, 1969. Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Bellairs, Ad'A, Parsons, TS, Eds., Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology. Academic Press, London and New York 1: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and ribs of modern reptiles." volume="1" volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 1. Morphology." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6893D76A0B9200C9BAB2C059EFCE0D" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9383B46C5BF3B780565825E58EB27334" author="Hoffstetter, R" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Paleontologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="161 - 190" refId="B275" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Rage, J-C, 1977. Le gisement de vertebres miocenes de La Venta (Colombie) et sa faune de serpents. Annales de Paleontologie 63: 161 - 190" title="Le gisement de vertebres miocenes de La Venta (Colombie) et sa faune de serpents." volume="63" year="1977">Hoffstetter and Rage (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57FCA03A86B6EE3073C53B4C7D1F7347" author="Dowling, HG" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History, HISS Publishing, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B154" refString="Dowling, HG, Duellman, WE, 1978. Systematic herpetology: A synopsis of families and higher categories. Herpetological Information Search Service, New York." title="Systematic herpetology: A synopsis of families and higher categories. Herpetological Information Search Service, New York." year="1978">Dowling and Duellman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="29FA67D4554E6DA9A6F68E4AC1C9307D" author="Rieppel, O" journalOrPublisher="Biologisches Zentralblatt" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="537 - 552" refId="B499" refString="Rieppel, O, 1979. The classification of primitive snakes and the testability of phylogenetic theories. Biologisches Zentralblatt 98: 537 - 552" title="The classification of primitive snakes and the testability of phylogenetic theories." volume="98" year="1979">Rieppel (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB1CB108A0664A9F796D196F11FBA464" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3105/1345-5834(2007)26[13:ACMSOT]2.0.CO;2" author="Ikeda, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B294" refString="Ikeda, T, 2007. A comparative morphological study of vertebrae of snakes occurring in Japan and adjacent regions. Current Herpetology 26: 13-34. https://doi.org/10.3105/1345-5834(2007)26[13:ACMSOT]2.0.CO;2" title="A comparative morphological study of vertebrae of snakes occurring in Japan and adjacent regions. Current Herpetology 26: 13 - 34." url="https://doi.org/10.3105/1345-5834(2007)26[13:ACMSOT]2.0.CO;2" year="2007">Ikeda (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="D577B8F8CB819C0F9641F1996B4708AC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="131 - 140" refId="B425" refString="Palci, A, Caldwell, MW, Albino, A, 2013a. Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 131 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" title="Emended diagnosis and phylogenetic relationships of the Upper Cretaceous fossil snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia and Zaher, 2006." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713415" volume="33" year="2013 a">Palci et al. (2013a</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="7164639015667A8E3B98C3356CAD011C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" author="Palci, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B427" refString="Palci, A, Hutchinson, MN, Caldwell, MW, Scanlon, JD, Lee, MSY, 2018. Palaeoecological inferences for the fossil Australian snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: 172012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" title="Palaeoecological inferences for the fossil Australian snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae). Royal Society Open Science 5: 172012." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172012" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="A133968EE9D6F6C98D47B2152F1FE2D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" author="Garberoglio, FF" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B187" refString="Garberoglio, FF, Gomez, RO, Simoes, TR, Caldwell, MW, Apesteguia, S, 2019. The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes Dinilysia and Najash. Scientific Reports 9: 1276. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" title="The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes Dinilysia and Najash. Scientific Reports 9: 1276." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9" year="2019">Garberoglio et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="600BE4AAEBFFF492806E2678305F4973" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" author="Fachini, ST" journalOrPublisher="Cuadernos de Herpetologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B170" refString="Fachini, ST, Onary, S, Palci, A, Lee, MSY, Bronzati, M, Hsiou, AS, 2020. Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" title="Cretaceous blind snake from Brazil fills major gap in snake evolution. iScience 23: 101834." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101834" year="2020">Fachini et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="F076DB98422D6FF56B500425885F0665" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E771DE764A21249BFBFC2C2AEB99C0A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" author="Alfonso-Rojas, A" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="377 - 399" refId="B11" refString="Alfonso-Rojas, A, Vanegas, RD, Marino-Morejon, E, Cadena, E-A, 2023. Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977. Geodiversitas 45: 377 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" title="Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" volume="45" year="2023">Alfonso-Rojas et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Among these, vertebrae from the cloacal and/or caudal series have only been figured so far by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A821D00452AC252D19D8E0C18ADCE120" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0703C5DE9A55E1D597E0348A66F91E69" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" author="Alfonso-Rojas, A" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="377 - 399" refId="B11" refString="Alfonso-Rojas, A, Vanegas, RD, Marino-Morejon, E, Cadena, E-A, 2023. Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977. Geodiversitas 45: 377 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" title="Newly discovered fossils provide novel insights on the biology of the South American Miocene snake Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a13" volume="45" year="2023">Alfonso-Rojas et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Documentation of the embryonic development of aniliid vertebrae was provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13F24CEC103CD33E638AB1C5A2EEF3FD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25279" author="Guerra-Fuentes, RA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B230" refString="Guerra-Fuentes, RA, de Sousa, RG, da Costa Prudente, AL, 2023. Embryonic development of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb skeletal elements in Anilius scytale (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Aniliidae). Anatomical Record https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25279" title="Embryonic development of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb skeletal elements in Anilius scytale (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Aniliidae). Anatomical Record" url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25279" year="2023">Guerra-Fuentes et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Quantitative studies on the intracolumnar variability of aniliid vertebrae have been conducted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25F8649F6E85820C6FF852DDB1949859" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
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and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="DC76B57A52E1E929B329F92A00448F4A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Besides, important observations on the vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2B1357840E2935E9F6A741E98CB4763" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" class="Squamata" family="Anomochilidae" genus="Anilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anilius" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BBD9D513D2342818CC64061E578CB35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Anilius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="167AF67915C5584568C77B07F0A34AF9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D5F56017906785D0131E39E3793F934" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" author="Head, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" refId="B246" refString="Head, JJ, 2021. A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of ''anilioid" snakes. Geobios 66-67: 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" title="A South American snake lineage from the Eocene Greenhouse of North America and a reappraisal of the fossil record of '' anilioid " snakes. Geobios 66 - 67: 55 - 65." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2020.09.005" year="2021">Head (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently provided a comprehensive study of the vertebral morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C903CACE2201F03CE469F60143103CC" class="Reptilia" family="Aniliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aniliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
coupled with an emended diagnosis for the family, recognizing diagnostic features on the vertebrae that could differentiate them from uropeltoids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |