plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/2D/56/F9/2D56F90E7240520C90A6666B313140D3.xml
maintenance 8f5cb67ed9 added 2D
2024-06-21 12:32:31 +02:00

268 lines
31 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0831704f-4ecf-4989-8072-defde35921ec" ID-PMC="PMC7458944" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-963-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" ID-PubMed="32922131" ID-ZooBank="9636C9F2C6BD4B34BCC6ED214C7B0D19" ModsDocID="1313-2970-963-45" checkinTime="1598316761636" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Englund, William F., Njoroge, Laban, Bistroem, Olof, Miller, Kelly B., Bilton, David T. &amp; Bergsten, Johannes" docDate="2020" docId="2D56F90E7240520C90A6666B313140D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 963: 45-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 963" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470" docTitle="Agabus ruwenzoricus Guignot 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1668169378299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical Agabus raffrayi species group with the description of four new species (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Englund, William F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Njoroge, Laban</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Museums of Kenya, Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum Hill, P. O. BOX 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bistroem, Olof</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - 0001, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bilton, David T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL 4 8 AA, UK &amp; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">johannes.bergsten@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>963</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>45</mods:start>
<mods:end>79</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.53470</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-963-45</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9636C9F2C6BD4B34BCC6ED214C7B0D19</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FE8C7A0A85B45DF7848BFAB844F93C28</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167293857" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D56F90E7240520C90A6666B313140D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D56F90E7240520C90A6666B313140D3" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName LSID="2D56F90E-7240-520C-90A6-666B313140D3" authority="Guignot, 1936" authorityName="Guignot" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus ruwenzoricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzoricus">Agabus ruwenzoricus Guignot, 1936</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of the Agabus raffrayi group. Relief is expressed in meters above sea level." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444398" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 11H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Small forest stream at 1900 m in remaining fragment of afromontane cloud forest on Vuria, the highest mountain in the Taita Hills, Taita-Taveta district, northeastern part of Eastern Arc Mountains, Kenya. Albeit minute, the small pools seen in the photo were inhabited by tens of individuals of Agabus ruwenzoricus. January 19, 2016." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444412" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus (Agabinectes) pallidus subsp. var. var. ruwenzoricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pallidus" subGenus="Agabinectes" subSpecies="var." variety="ruwenzoricus">Agabus (Agabinectes) pallidus var. ruwenzoricus</taxonomicName>
Guignot, 1936: 49
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
&quot;Uganda. Mons Ruwenzori, versant est, 3.000
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
4.000 m.&quot; [Uganda, Mount Ruwenzori, eastern slope, 3000 to 4000 m].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
[Not examined]: Information about type specimens from
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 179" refId="B15" refString="Nilsson, AN, 1992a. A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17: 155 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" title="A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" volume="17" year="1992 a">Nilsson (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;Lectotype here designated in NMNH (coll. Guignot) labelled: 'Monts Ruwenzori versant est zone alpine 3000 4000 m Ch. Alluaud I 1909', '3000
<normalizedToken originalValue="m’">m'</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘♂’">'♂'</normalizedToken>
, and my lectotype label; paralectotype ♂ with same original labels and my paralectotype label.&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. raffrayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but separated from these taxa by the presence of distinct interocular spots on head (compare Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Agabus spp., head and pronotum in dorsal view A A. dytiscoides B A. ruwenzoricus C A. sjostedti D A. pallidus. Red dashed lines indicate measurements used for interocular distance and pronotal width." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444401" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4B and D</figureCitation>
). The metasternal wing is rather narrow; the WC/WS frequency distribution being intermediate between
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. raffrayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. pallidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
). The aedeagus has an extended portion between the subapical broadening and the apical teeth, and the pronotal hypomeron is not visible in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Agabus spp., habitus of males in dorsal view A, F A. sjostedti B, G A. dytiscoides; C, H A. ruwenzoricus D, I A. raffrayi E, J A. pallidus K, O A. anguluverpus sp. nov. L, P A. austellus sp. nov. M, Q A. riberae sp. nov. N, R A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444408" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">11C, H</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Colour</emphasis>
: Head black with rufous anterior area; rufous interocular spots present. Pronotum black with minute to well-defined rufous margin. Elytra ferrugineous to rufopiceous. Ventral surface black, hypomeron rufotestaceous to rufous and epipleuron testaceous to rufotestaceous. Legs rufous to black. Antennae and palpi testaceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName genus="Microreticulation" lsidName="Microreticulation" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Microreticulation</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Medium impressed on head, pronotum and elytra, and rather similar in both sexes. Composed of a mixture of small and somewhat larger, uneven meshes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName genus="Structural" lsidName="Structural features" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="features">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Structural features</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Body length: 7.36-8.08 mm (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
). Hypomeron not visible in strict lateral view (as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Agabus spp., hypomeron in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. anguluverpus sp. nov. D A. raffrayi. White arrows indicate hypomeron." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444407" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10C, D</figureCitation>
, compare with 10A, B), lateral bead of pronotum narrow and well defined. Metasternal wing narrow, WC/WS 3.0 or more in most specimens (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
). Pronotum broad, more than twice as broad as interocular distance (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. WC / WS = width of metacoxal plate / width of metasternal wing, PW / ID = width of pronotum / interocular distance, TL = total body length, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="EC20EA9B30576BE179C66F15DBC0C3C6">1</tableCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. The ratio between pronotal width and interocular distance in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the very narrow pronotum of A. dytiscoides, a distinguishing feature of this species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444410" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Legs</emphasis>
: Protarsal claws long,&gt; 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as protarsomere 4 in most specimens (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the Agabus raffrayi group. Symbols as in Fig. 12. Note the short claws of A. sjostedti and A. dytiscoides." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">14</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres short and broad; metatarsomere 2 &lt;1.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
), metatarsomere 5 &lt;3.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as broad (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters in the Agabus raffrayi group. MT 2 L / MT 2 W = length / width of metatarsomere 2, MT 5 L / MT 5 W = length / width of metatarsomere 5, CL / PT 4 L = length of protarsal claw / length of protarsomere 4, N = number of specimens, Min = minimum value, Max = maximum value, SD = standard deviation, NA = not applicable." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="59FBA533E2ADB4142B7B5363E75795AF">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Subapically broadened and prolonged between the subapical broadening and the apical and subapical teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Agabus spp., aedeagus in lateral view A A. sjostedti B A. dytiscoides C A. ruwenzoricus D A. raffrayi E A. pallidus F A. anguluverpus sp. nov. G A. austellus sp. nov. H A. riberae sp. nov. I A. agulhas sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444405" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8C</figureCitation>
). Subapical tooth with varying appearance (similar to magnitude in variation seen in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Agabus spp., lateral view of tip of aedeagus A-C A. raffrayi, different specimens showing the variation in shape of the subapical tooth D A. austellus sp. nov. Note the prolonged section between subapical broadening and base of apical and subapical teeth in A. raffrayi (indicated with orange in the smaller outline illustrations)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444402" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
: Externally similar to males.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444411" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 14.</emphasis>
The ratio between length of protarsal claw and length of protarsomere 4 in males of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus raffrayi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raffrayi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Agabus raffrayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Symbols as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. The ratio between width of the metacoxal plate and metasternal wing (WC / WS) in the A. raffrayi group (incl. specimens of both sexes). Thick black line inside boxes represents medians, left and right box borders 25 th (Q 1) and 75 th (Q 3) percentiles respectively. Whiskers were calculated with the boxplot. stats function in R using the default coefficient value of 1.5 (drawn to the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * IQD (Inter Quartile Distance = Q 3 - Q 1) away from the 75 th and 25 th percentiles respectively). Note that this character fully separates A. raffrayi from A. pallidus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444409" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</figureCitation>
. Note the short claws of
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sjostedti" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. sjostedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dytiscoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="dytiscoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A. dytiscoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 179" refId="B15" refString="Nilsson, AN, 1992a. A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17: 155 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" title="A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" volume="17" year="1992 a">Nilsson (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Omer-Cooper, J" journalOrPublisher="South African Animal Life" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 214" refId="B20" refString="Omer-Cooper, J, 1965. Chapter 2. Coleoptera: Dytiscidae. A review of the Dytiscidae of Southern Africa being the results of the Lund University Expedition 1950-1951, with which are incorporated all other records known to the author. South African Animal Life 11: 59 - 214" title="Chapter 2. Coleoptera: Dytiscidae. A review of the Dytiscidae of Southern Africa being the results of the Lund University Expedition 1950 - 1951, with which are incorporated all other records known to the author." volume="11" year="1965">Omer-Cooper (1965)</bibRefCitation>
also give South Africa and Zimbabwe but these records are likely to belong to other species (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Most records are from small mountain streams and rivers at elevations of 1900 to 3100 m, but it has also been found in stagnant waterbodies (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" author="Nilsson, AN" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="155 - 179" refId="B15" refString="Nilsson, AN, 1992a. A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17: 155 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" title="A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x" volume="17" year="1992 a">Nilsson 1992a</bibRefCitation>
). We found the species in a very small cold-water forest stream at an elevation of 1900 m in the Taita Hills, Kenya (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Small forest stream at 1900 m in remaining fragment of afromontane cloud forest on Vuria, the highest mountain in the Taita Hills, Taita-Taveta district, northeastern part of Eastern Arc Mountains, Kenya. Albeit minute, the small pools seen in the photo were inhabited by tens of individuals of Agabus ruwenzoricus. January 19, 2016." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444412" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">The name refers to the locality where the species was first collected, Mount Ruwenzori.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.963.53470.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/444412" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Small forest stream at 1900 m in remaining fragment of afromontane cloud forest on Vuria, the highest mountain in the Taita Hills, Taita-Taveta district, northeastern part of Eastern Arc Mountains, Kenya. Albeit minute, the small pools seen in the photo were inhabited by tens of individuals of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guignot" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Agabus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agabus ruwenzoricus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruwenzoricus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Agabus ruwenzoricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. January 19, 2016.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink