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<document id="E5860E9F62DDF1D7C7EE36BEA7BE189F" ID-CLB-Dataset="34584" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.8060" ID-GBIF-Dataset="17d9e1f3-d4dd-4d29-8154-768056bfa7e0" ID-PMC="PMC4978075" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-605-131" ID-PubMed="27551217" ID-ZooBank="9BF185BF3D564317AA63B981868B1099" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-605-131" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 605" ModsDocTitle="Mulloidichthysflavolineatusflavicaudus Fernandez-Silva &amp; Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea" checkinTime="1468535292689" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Silva, Iria, Randall, John E., Golani, Daniel &amp; Bogorodsky, Sergey V." docDate="2016" docId="23D5FB582D896D4A5541E41B8720FA54" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 605: 131-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 605" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.8060" docTitle="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus subsp. flavolineatus Lacepede 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="FFF52543FFB59A4F3B0B5616A02C3F36" masterDocTitle="Mulloidichthysflavolineatusflavicaudus Fernandez-Silva &amp; Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1701378404310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3EEC3893181CC6DF6D72BAEAF0A60E3A">Mulloidichthysflavolineatusflavicaudus Fernandez-Silva &amp; Randall (Perciformes, Mullidae), a new subspecies of goatfish from the Red Sea and Arabian Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49222A2F708E831AD592E71F89AEA2EE">Fernandez-Silva, Iria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE20AEECCCEAEBEA7582385C84AAB9B5">Randall, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AEAD3D180DE8138F06CC56FA7C0B2DF">Golani, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E6A92DEFB015832AB1E307F3C5F07F3">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8CB8F54CD97968BC8BB5F4B5D4EB740A" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Taxon classification Animalia Perciformes Mullidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E44B4DDEE3BFC6C5D433C1127C2DAF1" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EF7E24953E08658962DB93839B67D1AB" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName id="41BA1206244E138920F46AB5D6633A96" ID-CoL="742Y3" LSID="Yellowstripe Goatfish" authority="Lacepede, 1801" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavolineatus">
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus (
<normalizedToken id="EDE3846D84BCB0ACB57F6AF92A28E03D" originalValue="Lacepède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
, 1801)
</taxonomicName>
Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 14; Tables 1, 2, 3, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97329D7C454499C208C798B4CF147D4A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1775B949E3448BB19CFD18C0C62352AE" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="CDC9698807E7ABE604F2F936C36F63C5" family="Mullidae" genus="Mullus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mullus flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolineatus">
<pageBreakToken id="B8C586A3EA91F469EF6CAEB9C94E22EB" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" start="start">Mullus</pageBreakToken>
flavolineatus
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="D552D46492F2262F2DC2998FA542530E" originalValue="Lacepède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
, 1801: 384, 406 (locality unknown, no types known).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD710F34EFF770254090FA3673713261" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="2F0DFF23DA66AFD345A88A612E5005DC" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1DAD7F87DBC477907E3922BE02527EE6" author="Lacepede, BGE" journalOrPublisher="Chez Plassan, Paris" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" title="Histoire Naturelle des Poissons" year="1801">
<normalizedToken id="B610EE4A3D52C22F954A96FA8DEB5EC0" originalValue="Lacepède">Lacepede</normalizedToken>
1801
</bibRefCitation>
):
<bibRefCitation id="4B57AFCA1CA04C99C59E79CFC5F6DB9A" author="Randall, JE" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology" pageId="20" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 47" title="Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldive Islands" volume="59" year="1993">Randall and Anderson 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 20 (Maldives);
<bibRefCitation id="23F12B6FA9DF3FC98C954F4E7F678B11" author="Randall, JE" journalOrPublisher="Crawford House Press, Bathurst NSW" pageId="20" pageNumber="151" title="Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea" year="1997">Randall et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 208 (Great Barrier Reef);
<bibRefCitation id="260E2E6873EE60B777B3BDBC832EBF03" author="Kuiter, RH" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Bay, Victoria, Atoll Editions" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" title="Photo Guide to Fishes of the Maldives." year="1998">Kuiter 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 117 (Maldives: in part, upper photo);
<bibRefCitation id="973B3C2A9351A2A64DBCB07A6D226A96" author="Anderson, RC" journalOrPublisher="Manta Marine, Male" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" title="Reef Fishes of the Maldives." year="2005">Anderson 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 57 (Maldives);
<bibRefCitation id="73CFAEDCD1C74E4041DFAC76008FCB36" author="Allen, GR" journalOrPublisher="Christmas Island Natural History Association" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" title="Fishes of Christmas Island" year="2007">Allen et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 122
<pageBreakToken id="36D0AEB6F8B6AAD284845387A4352368" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Christmas Island);
<bibRefCitation id="A6EE069DE1F9A3F9E7B4B77B171A0C91" author="Okamura, O" journalOrPublisher="Yama- Kei Publishers Co., Ltd., Tokyo" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" title="Sea Fishes of Japan" year="1997">Okamura and Okamoto 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 373 (Japan);
<bibRefCitation id="15938AE687F370BBA40AD1DD3B2A04AD" author="Randall, JE" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i, Honolulu" pageId="20" pageNumber="151" title="Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands." year="2007">Randall 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 260 (Hawaiian Islands);
<bibRefCitation id="BCFE075B920681208B47B56E12B51CFC" author="Myers, RF" journalOrPublisher="Coral Graphics, Guam" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" title="Micronesian Reef Fishes." year="1999">Myers 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 159, Pl. 74H (Micronesia);
<bibRefCitation id="2A80E96B1A4F3738356B4E4F4DBAEEA7" author="Matsunuma, M" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" title="Fishes of Terengganu - east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia." year="2011">Matsunuma et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 142 (Malaysia);
<bibRefCitation id="E1C41B8EA9C13093F56CC5E304063A51" author="Uiblein, F" journalOrPublisher="Smithiana Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="151" pagination="51 - 73" title="Taxonomic review of Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Mulloidichthys (Family Mullidae), with description of a new species and remarks on colour and body form variation in Indo-West Pacific species." volume="13" year="2011">Uiblein 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 59 &amp; 69, Pl. 1 (description, color images);
<bibRefCitation id="A62AC6E2A78F2536A27EDF62792BD7A2" author="Allen, GR" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Reef Research, Perth Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" title="Reef fishes of the East Indies. Volumes I-III." year="2012">Allen and Erdmann 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 504 (Philippines).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="173BEFFAB8E8A0F982ECE225074AD9C6" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" type="neotype">
<paragraph id="8D2F23DCCE0F1C62E58DE69D8DAA0DDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Neotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6285AA3DD9BC39EE36C29B0600313858" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">
BPBM 20135, 162 mm SL, Indian Ocean, Mauritius, East Coast, Oyster Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="B8F15FEA5511C06D7A1A6589A55692B5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.716667">19°43'S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="65C3F2A0D2B0EF4E87D86E51FA9DCCBB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="63.35">63°21'E</geoCoordinate>
), 1 November 1973, coll. J.E. Randall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDEC2C59C89C8E2B715683A24AB96836" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" type="type material">
<paragraph id="55E54D9AE4CE25AC0A72DB4F4C18092B" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FD5E53CD09F6AB3CCB2C92EE1055B29" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">
Hawaiian Islands: BPBM 28726, 83 mm SL, Kona Coast, South Kohala; BPBM 4087, 288 mm SL, Laysan; BPBM 4086, 180 mm SL, Laysan; BPBM 4088, 2: 139-230 mm SL, Lisiansky; BPBM 25457, 130 mm SL,
<normalizedToken id="2F36B3EFB83285F5B58F2166892ED74D" originalValue="Oahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="1F5C45286F37E530F000E1146AD2E673" originalValue="Waianae">Wai'anae</normalizedToken>
coast; BPBM 25674, 175 mm SL,
<normalizedToken id="3D99352E761F15A3E0BF77518E537A93" originalValue="Oahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
; BPBM 1749, 183 mm SL,
<normalizedToken id="9601E1162A76CC360C983CE618999A6F" originalValue="Oahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
; BPBM 1750, 173 mm SL,
<normalizedToken id="131532A203D57ABDAFEB9345169EA5F4" originalValue="Oahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
; BPBM 15308, 152 mm SL, Midway Atoll; BPBM 25517, 119 mm SL, Midway Atoll; USNM 147073, 158 mm SL, Midway Atoll. Johnston Atoll: BPBM 4090, 85 mm SL; BPBM 4091, 93 mm SL; BPBM 7520, 166 mm SL; Philippines: USNM 327877, 107 mm SL, Sorsogon, Gubat Bay; USNM 405724, 209 mm SL, W Luzon, Port Matalvi; USNM 147062, 222 mm SL, Mindoro, Varadero Bay; USNM 147066, 169 mm SL, W Luzon, Zambales; USNM 322272, 3: 138-155 mm SL, Babuyan, Maybag Island; USNM 147069, 2: 171-176 mm SL, Batangas, Maricaban; USNM 84231, 128 mm SL, Mindanao, Zamboanga; USNM 84232, 139 mm SL, Mindanao, Zamboanga; USNM 147070, 164 mm SL, Palawan, Candaraman; USNM 147072, 145 mm SL, Tulayan Island, Jolo; USNM 145294, 2: 98-100 mm SL; USNM 147065, 231 mm SL, Sulu, Siasi Island; USNM 147076, 135 mm SL, Sulu, Simaluc Island, Tawi Tawi. Indonesia: USNM 147067, 221 mm SL, Moluccas, Bouru Island; USNM 147064, 3: 195-205 mm SL, Moluccas, Makian I; USNM 405723, 200 mm SL, Moluccas, Makian Island; USNM 267514, 2: 102-126 mm SL, Mentawai Islands, Pulau Siburu; USNM 267503, 2: 155-156 mm SL, Mentawai Islands, Pulau Siburu; USNM 147058, 203 mm SL, Sulawesi, Talisse Island; USNM 87989, 255 mm SL, Sumatra, Poeloe Toekus; USNM 75887, 250 mm SL, Borneo, Tandjoeng, Setebah. Cocos-Keeling: SU 35630, 200 mm SL, Cocos-Keeling I. Papua New Guinea: USNM 267499, 203 mm SL, Trobriand Kuia Islands; USNM 267515, 2: 116-120 SL, New Britain, Rabaul. Solomon Islands: USNM 382371, 205 mm SL, Santa Cruz Islands. Micronesia: BPBM 77, 8: 75-230 mm SL, Guam; BPBM 4089, 3: 209-220 mm SL, Wake Island; BPBM 24628, 12: 79-160 mm SL, Chuuk, Puluwat Atoll. Japan: BPBM 7086, 2: 88-108 mm SL, Minami-Tori Shima; BPBM 7087, 210 mm SL, Minami-Tori Shima. South Pacific: BPBM 27868, 5: 81-119 mm SL, Samoan Islands, Tutuila Island; BPBM 27906, 3: 84-107 mm SL, Samoan Islands, Tutuila Island; BPBM 15299, 16: 81-159 mm SL, Phoenix Islands, Orona Atoll; BPBM 12937, 165 mm SL, Rapa; BPBM 2136, 198 mm SL, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva. Western Indian Ocean: USNM 229036, 9: 129-192 mm SL, Chagos Archipelago, Salomon Atoll; CAS 237312, 2: 137-144 mm SL, Maldives, Faafu Atoll; BPBM 34673, 2: 107-115 mm SL, Maldives, N
<normalizedToken id="093542C54BC76C68C3D2F34F59E3D071" originalValue="Malé">Male</normalizedToken>
Atoll; CAS 35383, 2: 85.5-142 mm SL, Maldives,
<normalizedToken id="A15AF380AD183DB85F5D4C62EFA4A878" originalValue="Malé">Male</normalizedToken>
Atoll; BPBM 41252, 2: 120-135 mm SL, Mauritius, Oyster Bay.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9964859B41A2C2DA66AD0A63B704C9AF" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="66C2AE4A0D2FC2FA9DC277C1763969FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
<pageBreakToken id="23CC6EB13415F7A630275C6A62AC7D1D" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA4535EA80A1FA119A8BEC1C0653D8EF" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Body elongate, the depth at first dorsal-fin origin 4.0-4.6 in SL; head moderately compressed, the length 2.9-3.8 in SL; snout long, slightly blunt anteriorly. Barbels usually not reaching a vertical at posterior margin of preopercle, their length 3.7-6.0 in SL. Eye diameter 10.1-15.6 in SL. Pectoral-fin rays 16-18. Gill-raker counts 27-29 (rarely 26 or 30); lateral-line scales 37-40 (usually 38). Caudal fin varying from usually white or light gray to occasionally yellowish or yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A2584C5F3FBD670CE552E37C0FEDD1F" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" type="color">
<paragraph id="F0FD770C7FD108CE2565F2765B07D914" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Color.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD6658F1C95D9551207FA459F7E807CF" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Silvery white to yellowish, slightly darker over lateral line, margins of each scale on upper half of body darker than scale. Yellow stripe on side of body at level of eye, beginning from posterior margin of orbit and ending at caudal-fin base, bordered by two whitish narrow stripes (sometimes slightly blue); the stripe usually containing a black spot above posterior part of pectoral fins (under the first dorsal fin), sometimes faint due to fading, stripe anterior to spot occasionally indistinct; barbels white; dorsal fins usually transparent, sometimes first dorsal fin with yellowish tinge; pectoral, anal, and pelvic fins whitish, translucent; caudal fin varying from usually white or light gray to occasionally yellowish or yellow. Sometimes body color pattern of broad irregular red-brown bars, especially at night. When fresh, body color can turn pink and all fins yellow. Uniformly creamy white in preservative.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB91BDB6F2BB00F8BD351246059686C3" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E7E4CC89A7912FC870767D6105B7EC9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54A9B88EEA136D7112A7870D4DAB6501" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="CFD699255D5325634A52D1301A6A763C" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
is wide-ranging from East Africa north to the Maldives and Chagos Archipelago and east to the Hawaiian, Marquesas and Pitcairn Islands, north to the Ryukyu and Bonin Islands and south to Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EE1AA85B0711F78568BDFDE99C253179" author="Randall, JE" editor="Carpenter, KE" journalOrPublisher="FAO, Rome" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" pagination="3175 - 3200" title="Mullidae, goatfishes (surmullets)." volumeTitle="The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae)" year="2002">Randall 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="431B5836865B01771FFA1747B7B5110D" author="Uiblein, F" journalOrPublisher="Smithiana Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="151" pagination="51 - 73" title="Taxonomic review of Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Mulloidichthys (Family Mullidae), with description of a new species and remarks on colour and body form variation in Indo-West Pacific species." volume="13" year="2011">Uiblein 2011</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 15).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F87795D1B875B16D2C5874B76BE4EFFE" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
<paragraph id="6008E87B71219FBF35351F42C2810CAC" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
Figure 15. Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="D0505D1C2F67C9926A639BA62DA9EBF7" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
surveyed in this study. Red symbols denote locations of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5D17D970F036FE30729CF96CA371DA6C" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavicaudus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. and blue symbols denote locations of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="7CCD4ABA31FA477B145A6D0EA632A389" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
. Squares indicate locations included in the genetic surveys. Circles indicate locations of specimens for which only morphological analyses were carried out.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37F91475E2A6FE1BE3A034E7D879DA01" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" type="genetics">
<paragraph id="9CAA82D175A1CD16121CE4D56DB091F8" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Genetics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC4E14E967ADF67C0F05F6B311742AE2" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
The parsimony-based haplotype networks constructed with mtDNA cytb sequences from 217
<taxonomicName id="1A37C5D3C4E9CE8DCC0A8417CF0E58E9" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
specimens revealed a separation between individuals from the NW Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and Oman) and individuals in the rest of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (Fig. 16). Corrected genetic distance was 1.7%, with seven diagnostic mutations (
<bibRefCitation id="23C4B23DC57C7F13E4014346F5E65B65" author="Fernandez-Silva, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" pagination="2402 - 2413" title="Yellow tails in a Red Sea: phylogeography of the Indo-Pacific goatfish Mulloidichthysflavolineatus reveals isolation in peripheral provinces and cryptic evolutionary lineages." url="10.1111/jbi.12598" volume="42" year="2015">Fernandez-Silva et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="563407A401FE3EAD0F32160C71990BBE" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
<paragraph id="58B10BD39837C5F6A25EA7B5AFA02D6F" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
Figure 16. Median-joining haplotype network based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data (715 bp) from 217
<taxonomicName id="A9DCBB76480A8F34CB35C370DCD7BF1D" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
individuals sampled across the Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Each circle represents a haplotype, with size proportional to its total frequency. Branches separated by black crossbars represent a single nucleotide change, whereas open circles indicate unsampled haplotypes; colors indicate collection location as in the embedded key. The network depicts two distinct clades separated by seven mutational steps (corrected sequence divergence, d = 1.7%;
<bibRefCitation id="725DC79A35F144975CC55F5D7EDB9C98" author="Kimura, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molecular Evolution" pageId="19" pageNumber="150" pagination="111 - 120" title="A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences." url="10.1007/BF01731581" volume="16" year="1980">Kimura 1980</bibRefCitation>
) (From
<bibRefCitation id="7DF11C4699122487CA34152163C169D9" author="Fernandez-Silva, I" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" pagination="2402 - 2413" title="Yellow tails in a Red Sea: phylogeography of the Indo-Pacific goatfish Mulloidichthysflavolineatus reveals isolation in peripheral provinces and cryptic evolutionary lineages." url="10.1111/jbi.12598" volume="42" year="2015">Fernandez-Silva et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DCC02F5D723232E21854FFD81844E3AF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
We obtained a concatenated alignment of a 715-bp segment of the cytb gene and a 731-bp segment of the ATPase-8 and ATPase-6 genes of the mitochondrial genome
<pageBreakToken id="6B1B1581442A614E762663D63370403D" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
seven individuals from the Red Sea (Jeddah) and five from the Pacific (
<normalizedToken id="741C86D8F0C0C187D142F95F30F17E3B" originalValue="Hawaii">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
and Okinawa). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on Bayesian inference (Fig. 17) revealed a genetic break and the presence of two well-supported monophyletic clades (posterior probability = 1): one with sequences from the Red Sea and one with the haplotypes from the Pacific. Reconstructions based on the Maximum-Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods were in agreement with this topology but clades had lower statistical support (results not shown).
</paragraph>
<caption id="AE3F7A98FABC35D94915D724A8D01804" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
<paragraph id="6EF0E35D86B431643672250D981B53E7" pageId="13" pageNumber="144">
Figure 17. Bayesian-inference based phylogenetic tree showing relationships among mtDNA concatenated haplotypes of segments of the cytb and ATPase-8 &amp; ATPase-6 genes from seven individuals of
<taxonomicName id="651EB8280861DE7ACC8B6D60A1B7DE1B" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavicaudus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavicaudus</taxonomicName>
subsp. n. from the Red Sea (Jeddah), five individuals of
<taxonomicName id="E6AB014A82A6C5CE6570E60AD88AD6C2" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys flavolineatus" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavolineatus" subSpecies="flavolineatus">Mulloidichthys flavolineatus flavolineatus</taxonomicName>
from the Pacific (
<normalizedToken id="853BE260C358E2F6A94F66F8BF8D4A85" originalValue="Oahu">O'ahu</normalizedToken>
in
<normalizedToken id="8F64EF64B703EB4CB20CC927B0057E8F" originalValue="Hawaii">Hawai'i</normalizedToken>
and Okinawa) and two
<taxonomicName id="BEC62E6AF88790740866EA6503A7BF43" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mulloidichthys</taxonomicName>
spp. as outgroups. The nodes show posterior probabilities. Branch lengths are according to estimated divergence time (note that the branch leading to
<taxonomicName id="65527F8A7C8C5D8675E900700EE562A9" family="Mullidae" genus="Mulloidichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mulloidichthys pfluegeri" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfluegeri">Mulloidichthys pfluegeri</taxonomicName>
was reduced by 50%).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>