158 lines
22 KiB
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158 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="D43747A409B416643A86EB9DAAE9985F" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12208025" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718988401551" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O'Loughlin, P. Mark & Ahearn, Cynthia" docDate="2005" docId="116087F5FFABFFE3FF357C92FA99196F" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.62.2.147-179.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 62 (2)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-62-issue-2-2005/pages-147-179/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:99484BB52C5EA01CDE4EA5EECB5782C2.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="99484BB52C5EA01CDE4EA5EECB5782C2" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Synallactidae Ludwig 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="ED59FF8DFFA8FFE0FFB7783EFFFE1F73" masterDocTitle="A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1718994707238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A45E7E6AC548F8C6AC2B2B1991EB9D21">A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="EBA34D3B74955701C41BDE3DFE514D18">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="526F1AEA90F655FCABC4A3DF2D379430">2005</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="D1D36568FFABFFE3FF357C92FED01B9E" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="997636E3FFABFFE3FF357C92FE5B1BB1" blockId="3.[130,421,1196,1218]" box="[130,421,1196,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<heading id="C23E818FFFABFFE3FF357C92FE5B1BB1" box="[130,421,1196,1218]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FF357C92FE5B1BB1" ID-CoL="7NL7Y" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[130,421,1196,1218]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FF357C92FEEF1BB1" bold="true" box="[130,273,1196,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Synallactidae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FEAF7C92FE5B1BB1" author="Ludwig, H." box="[280,421,1196,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref33171" refString="Ludwig, H. 1894. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891. XII. The Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 17 (3): 1 - 183, pls 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="997636E3FFABFFE3FF357CE9FED01B9E" blockId="3.[130,302,1239,1261]" box="[130,302,1239,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<tableCitation id="D44B0358FFABFFE3FF357CE9FF301B9E" box="[130,206,1239,1261]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[138,187,298,318]" captionText="Table 2. Index of species in paper in original combination, and with current combination or senior synonym." pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Table 2</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="01F22A66FFABFFE3FF6D7CE9FED01B9E" box="[218,302,1239,1261]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[130,188,1107,1127]" captionTargetBox="[129,1432,295,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-22@5.[569,995,562,816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Characters of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae. a, ventral mouth and anus (M. helios sp. nov., USNM E31104, paratype, 91 mm long); b, ventral peltate tentacles, polian vesicle (P. mollis, TM H2004; anterior end dissected off); c, respiratory tree (P. mollis, TM H2004); d, drawing of dorsal posterior pygal furrow; e, posterioventral view of pygal furrow and anus (M. violaceus, BMNH 86.10.2.150); f, anterior dorsal madreporite (arrow) (P. peripatus, USNM 1008159); g, drawing of calcareous ring (radial plate right, as in P. spiculiferus); h, calcareous ring (M. crinitus sp. nov., USNM E48644, paratype); i, calcareous ring (M. violaceus, BMNH 86.10.2.145)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12208027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12208027/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1D36568FFABFFE3FF357D3DFA99196F" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="997636E3FFABFFE3FF357D3DFB9D1DA6" blockId="3.[130,761,1283,1565]" lastBlockId="3.[798,1430,298,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FF357D3DFF271A6A" box="[130,217,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Remarks</emphasis>
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. Although the
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FEC07D3DFE001A6A" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[375,510,1283,1305]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
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(sensu lato) are characterized as deep-water forms that possess peltate tentacles, lack tentacle ampullae, have gonads in one or two tufts, and usually possess body wall ossicles (including tables and rods), this work embraces only those species of
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FDB97D49FD6B1AFE" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[526,661,1399,1421]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
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that substantially lack body wall ossicles, and have in addition a distinct pygal (posterior) vertical furrow. The pygal-furrowed
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FF357DF3FEF71A90" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[130,265,1485,1507]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
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are characterised by: a generally cylindrical body form; rounded anterior and posterior ends; ventral mouth and anus; presence of a pygal furrow; 18–20 peltate tentacles; absence of tentacle ampullae; a complete cover of small and frequently inconspicuous tube feet; absence of retractor muscles; longitudinal muscles never divided; a solid calcareous ring; radial plates broader than high, anteriorly with a central notch and two central and two lateral low projections, posteriorly with a shallow smooth indentation and two pairs of "teeth" variably evident; interradial plates broad and low, anteriorly with a central spire, posteriorly with a smooth shallow indentation; madreporite sometimes evident externally on the anterior dorsal body surface; single, sac-like, elongate or short, ventral polian vesicle; gonad tubules in two groups, one on each side of the dorsal mesentery; respiratory trees comprising two long unequal branches of alveolar-like clusters along a central strap; ossicles absent from the body wall, but present in the pygal lobes in some species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="997636E3FFABFFE3FC897AE2FA681B43" blockId="3.[798,1430,298,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Body wall, pygal lobes, tube feet, tentacles, gonads, and respiratory trees were examined for ossicles in all species, and are reported only as found, not as absent. The colour of tentacles and internal anatomical features was noted throughout the study, and found to be not diagnostically reliable. The form of the peltate tentacles, which varies greatly with state of preservation, was found to be not diagnostically reliable. The presence or absence of "teeth" on the posterior indentation of the radial plates of the calcareous ring has been used diagnostically by some authors. This feature was found to be variable and subjective, and depended on the angle from which the plates were viewed. Descriptions of these features have been omitted.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="997636E3FFABFFE3FC897C09FA99196F" blockId="3.[798,1430,298,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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The genera included in this paper have been shifted between the
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FCF27C6AFC0B1B19" authorityName="Koehler & Vaney" authorityYear="1905" box="[837,1013,1108,1130]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Gephyrothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Gephyrothuriidae</taxonomicName>
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(now restricted after
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FB617C6AFA701B19" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[1238,1422,1108,1130]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="493 - 498" refId="ref33504" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. 1998. A review of the holothurian family Gephyrothuriidae. Pp. 493 - 498 in: Mooi, R., and Telford, M. (eds), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="proceedings paper" year="1998">O’Loughlin, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FCE47C4FFC231BF4" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[851,989,1137,1159]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FB917C4FFB141BF4" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[1062,1258,1137,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="493 - 498" refId="ref33504" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. 1998. A review of the holothurian family Gephyrothuriidae. Pp. 493 - 498 in: Mooi, R., and Telford, M. (eds), Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="proceedings paper" year="1998">O’Loughlin, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FB487C4FFAC91BF4" author="O'Loughlin, P. M." box="[1279,1335,1137,1159]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref33558" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. 2002. Report on selected species of BANZARE and ANARE Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59 (2): 297 - 325." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In the
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FCA97CB0FB681BD7" box="[798,1174,1166,1188]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
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Zoological Catalogue of
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<collectingCountry id="E1DE7673FFABFFE3FB8F7CB0FB681BD7" box="[1080,1174,1166,1188]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Australia</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FB117CB0FACA1BD7" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1190,1332,1166,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" refId="ref33829" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. xiii + 510 pp. (in this paper: Rowe, 1995)" type="book" year="1995">Rowe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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referred species of pygal-furrowed
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FB9C7C95FB4C1BB2" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[1067,1202,1195,1217]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Synallactidae</taxonomicName>
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to the genera
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FAF47C95FC4C1BAD" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName=", Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Meseres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FAF47C95FA6B1BB2" box="[1347,1429,1195,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Meseres</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FCA97CF6FC4C1BAD" author="Ludwig, H." box="[798,946,1224,1246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref33171" refString="Ludwig, H. 1894. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891. XII. The Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 17 (3): 1 - 183, pls 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(incertae sedis below) and
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FB5A7CF6FC691B88" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName=", Theel" authorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FB5A7CF6FA6A1BAD" box="[1261,1428,1224,1246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FCA97CDBFC691B88" author="Theel, H." box="[798,919,1253,1275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref34156" refString="Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1886">
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Théel,
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<quantity id="5E319B06FFABFFE3FCD27CDBFC691B88" box="[869,919,1253,1275]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79044" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" unit="in" value="1886.0">1886</quantity>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FC567CDBFB6B1B88" authorityName="Koehler & Vaney" authorityYear="1905" box="[993,1173,1253,1275]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Gephyrothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Gephyrothuriidae</taxonomicName>
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. Following the rediagnosis below of
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FC2A7D3CFB7B1A6B" authority="Theel" authorityName=", Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[925,1157,1282,1304]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FC2A7D3CFBBA1A6B" box="[925,1092,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus</emphasis>
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Théel
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FB277D3CFCAE1A47" authority="Sluiter, 1901" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Meseres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peripatus">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FB277D3CFAB81A6B" box="[1168,1350,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Meseres peripatus</emphasis>
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Sluiter, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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is reassigned to
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FC4F7D21FB611A46" authorityName=", Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[1016,1183,1311,1333]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FC4F7D21FB611A46" box="[1016,1183,1311,1333]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Following examination of the AM collections by one of us (M.O’L), as far as the Australian fauna is concerned,
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<bibRefCitation id="FD584B12FFABFFE3FBD67D66FB161A1D" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1121,1256,1368,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" refId="ref33829" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. xiii + 510 pp. (in this paper: Rowe, 1995)" type="book" year="1995">Rowe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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correctly identified
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<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FCE07D4BFB5F1AF8" authority="Theel" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[855,1185,1397,1419]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FCE07D4BFBA81AF8" box="[855,1110,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus mollis</emphasis>
|
||
Théel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FB517D4BFC1C1ADB" authority="(Sluiter)" authorityName="O'Loughlin & Ahearn" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peripatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FB517D4BFC801ADB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus peripatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Sluiter)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material, but wrongly identified some material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FC1F7D91FA901AB6" authority="Sluiter, 1901" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" box="[936,1390,1455,1477]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FC1F7D91FB2F1AB6" box="[936,1233,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus pustulosus</emphasis>
|
||
Sluiter, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FCA97DF2FBD11A91" authorityName="O'Loughlin & Ahearn" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="O'Loughlin & Ahearn" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[798,1071,1484,1506]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FCA97DF2FBD11A91" box="[798,1071,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Molpadiodemas pustulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below). We judge that this material is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FC827DD7FBDE1A8C" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[821,1056,1513,1535]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Pseudostichopodidae" genus="Pseudostichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FC827DD7FBDE1A8C" box="[821,1056,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Pseudostichopus mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EC94D60FFABFFE3FB337DD7FC8F196F" authority="(Sluiter)" authorityName="O'Loughlin & Ahearn" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="O'Loughlin & Ahearn" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" genus="Molpadiodemas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Persiculida" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pustulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ABBDEAF1FFABFFE3FB337DD7FA6A1A8C" box="[1156,1428,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Molpadiodemas pustulosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Sluiter)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not to date represented in the Australian fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |