270 lines
29 KiB
XML
270 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="7D9781AD16828E0477FB64E4B1DA6089" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352440" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208260396" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca, da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos, Fonseca & Ratcliffe, Brett C." docDate="2008" docId="03FC1A09FFC2F779FF024CE60853F891" docLanguage="en" docName="0061.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (61)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Megaceras crassum Prell 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFC56271FFDFF767FFC24F620949FFF3" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699185735107" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="C95B17A4943471B22BA02F2B809E7BED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="8B801D5969A492F808583ECF1D60EE4A">
|
|
<mods:title id="8CBBE160869C7D6689129C5211B9F9A0">Synopsis of the Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from the Brazilian Amazon</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="A80979088CF175D1237E470328E2F1FB" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A553F58927D39D65638660609A99BF43">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C6F5D7A80138A3085A1905D03610F416">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="BD742D911C0D2314CC420D77B65757D1">Alvarez, Héctor Jaime Gasca</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="21CFCAD1A95513AB9087E3406CD8A42F">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="6C2A56A5656B62267201937099E32118" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="99D4810F2A02345BC1B3A8481E6FBB84">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5AD28B5EA89416CA7813E095AD6A2E9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="AC77752A306BBEE469BFED3C465BD866">da, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="3BC18AE6FA73EEF99BD854118E2FDDC9">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis CEP 69011 - 970 Manaus, Amazonas</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="C76EC77CB469778535864E8B8E5F538E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="FF0876B3EC3847ECE589FB2F7DDE3CB1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="0963CA3D8B7CFED3D3F180B77A6C5057">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="F2419FB4CA8670B16155D255844DA3FD">Fonseca</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BC2589E0E16A294206209C97A17988D5">Amazônia-INPA Entomologia Petrópolis, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B8754C1044D002EC9DD782C9C8B62566" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="15815A6A6BA68D564B673CDE185596D6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="47169E63F1F522B1ECDC5639E75EAF83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0BA1B2D86C5A3973C61C45E17372BAC5">Ratcliffe, Brett C.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="5511077C6705B68DA37B590048B80801">University of Nebraska State Museum W 436 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588 - 0514, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="4A05DF7CDA2BC255364170A404946170">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="E8EAEBA6D547E8ACD688E439BEF7FD37" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="9410546941B41B2626F8F22B3989E9B5">
|
|
<mods:title id="F2F464726462822650540894EF147029">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="2225A8DA35B3E843ABD3D80D40C46B10">
|
|
<mods:date id="209B4801BDCCF16CBCC492E44A4C17E4">2008</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="C65D84A762E53D954AF2F35158F27E0E" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="55C5DED97E5C0CE248BEA3819D0D1F45">2008-12-05</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="E5CF08B69C9DF9A1F0FA6A84708847A2" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="793CF1388320E28F31E51167785DFE23">2008</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="936A7B71770F2E280BDE4C20FA3A4866" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="813B14F1465A260203AE1210FAAA2EDB">61</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="596742454446477E297BBA2C1B74B0B3" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="ED0764C5C1BA0D4A7EC5DF26BD1EA142">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="7E4A711D88DBE377B706882799B73AA9">62</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="18960A498AC4AE2167C952E5EA570BF7">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D27E78EC3D5488FDBE5764332BF9CB13" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5352440</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="175C43481E732C2EBA5AB44DC3A17D20" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="537CBE2D713FB14CBDFEE48614EF5A35" type="Zenodo-Dep">5352440</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03FC1A09FFC2F779FF024CE60853F891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFC2F779FF024CE60853F891" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1A09FFC2F779FF024CE60853F891" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F77AFF024CE60B1DFC68" box="[192,596,899,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF024CE60B1DFC68" blockId="29.[192,596,899,923]" box="[192,596,899,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<heading id="D0A21C73FFC2F77AFF024CE60B1DFC68" bold="true" box="[192,596,899,923]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" reason="4">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFF024CE60B1DFC68" authority="Prell 1914" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[192,596,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF024CE60B1DFC68" bold="true" box="[192,596,899,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF024CE60880FC68" bold="true" box="[192,457,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Megaceras crassum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFC2F77AFE0C4CE10B1DFC68" author="Prell, H." box="[462,596,899,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="197 - 226" refId="ref27104" refString="Prell, H. 1914. Beitrage zur Kenntis der Dynastiden X (Col.) Entomologische Mitteilungen 3: 197 - 226." type="journal article" year="1914">Prell 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F77AFF024CC10801FC48" box="[192,328,931,955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF024CC10801FC48" blockId="29.[192,328,931,955]" box="[192,328,931,955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC2F77AFF0B4CC10809FC48" box="[201,320,931,955]" captionStart-0="Figure 46-49" captionStart-1="Figure 50" captionStartId-0="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" captionStartId-1="31.[190,274,1108,1130]" captionTargetBox-0="[239,1403,277,1349]" captionTargetBox-1="[204,1427,205,1075]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@30.[192,1447,191,1362]" captionTargetId-1="figure-289@31.[189,1444,195,1083]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="Figure 46-49. Megaceras crassum. 46) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 47) Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm). 48) Parameres frontal view. 49) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm)." captionText-1="Figure 50. Distribution of Megaceras crassum in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352480" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5352480/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 46-50</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F77AFF024C860A05FBE8" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF024C860B21FC08" blockId="29.[192,844,995,1051]" box="[192,616,995,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB458C31FFC2F77AFF024C860B21FC08" box="[192,616,995,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AF48D0EFFC2F77AFF024C860B21FC08" author="Prell, H." box="[192,616,995,1019]" page="213" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" year="1914">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFF024C860B21FC08" authority="Prell 1914: 213" authorityName="Prell" authorityPageNumber="213" authorityYear="1914" box="[192,616,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF024C8608E7FC08" box="[192,430,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Megaceras crassum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFC2F77AFE714C810B21FC08" author="Prell, H." box="[435,616,995,1019]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="197 - 226" refId="ref27104" refString="Prell, H. 1914. Beitrage zur Kenntis der Dynastiden X (Col.) Entomologische Mitteilungen 3: 197 - 226." type="journal article" year="1914">Prell 1914: 213</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF024B660A05FBE8" blockId="29.[192,844,995,1051]" box="[192,844,1027,1051]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB458C31FFC2F77AFF024B660A05FBE8" box="[192,844,1027,1051]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AF48D0EFFC2F77AFF024B660B8EFBE8" author="Prell, H." box="[192,711,1027,1051]" page="57" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" year="1934">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFF024B660B8EFBE8" authority="Prell 1934: 57" authorityName="Prell" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1934" box="[192,711,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatostriatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF024B660B55FBE8" box="[192,540,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Megaceras punctatostriatum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFC2F77AFDE34B610B8EFBE8" author="Prell, H." box="[545,711,1027,1051]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="194 - 195" refId="ref27128" refString="Prell, H. 1934. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der dynastinen (Xii). Beschreibungen und bemerkungen. Entomologische Zietschrift 47: 162 - 164, 186 - 188, 194 - 195." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell 1934: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
(synonym)
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F77AFF024B210AD9F9A8" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF024B210C5EFB88" blockId="29.[192,1440,1091,1627]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF024B2108D0FBA8" bold="true" box="[192,409,1091,1115]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">DESCRIPTION.</emphasis>
|
|
Length:
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFC2F77AFDC64B210BE0FBA8" box="[516,681,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="4.25" metricValueMin="3.71" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="39.8" valueMax="42.5" valueMin="37.1">37.1-42.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
(males);
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFC2F77AFCD44B210A37FBA8" box="[790,894,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="29.5">29.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
(females). Width:
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFC2F77AFB984B210DB6FBA8" box="[1114,1279,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.31" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="24.1" valueMax="25.1" valueMin="23.1">23.1-25.1 mm</quantity>
|
|
(males);
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFC2F77AFAAE4B2109A6FB88" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
(females) (Species range for females. Length: 31.0-
|
|
<quantity id="4CAD06FAFFC2F77AFC954B010AE1FB88" box="[855,936,1123,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFC2F77AFC744B010D14FB88" author="Endrodi, S." box="[950,1117,1123,1147]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" refId="ref25005" refString="Endrodi, S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the World. Dr W. Junk; Dordrecht, Netherlands. 800 p." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)). Color: Black.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF324BE10C3DFA08" blockId="29.[192,1440,1091,1627]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF324BE1080EFB68" bold="true" box="[240,327,1155,1179]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Males.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFE8E4BE108C4FB68" box="[332,397,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: Frons with recurving horn; horn weakly bilobed at apex, posterior margin of horn with small, tooth-like swelling near apex (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC2F77AFD414BC10B92FB48" box="[643,731,1187,1211]" captionStart="Figure 46-49" captionStartId="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[239,1403,277,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[192,1447,191,1362]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 46-49. Megaceras crassum. 46) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 47) Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm). 48) Parameres frontal view. 49) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
|
). Eye canthus with rounded apex, anterior margin weakly crenulate. Clypeus truncate, reflexed, surface punctate (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC2F77AFC904BA10AECFB28" box="[850,933,1219,1243]" captionStart="Figure 46-49" captionStartId="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[239,1403,277,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[192,1447,191,1362]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 46-49. Megaceras crassum. 46) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 47) Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm). 48) Parameres frontal view. 49) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
|
). Antenna with 10 segments, club subequal in length to segments 2-7. Mandibles with 2 teeth, external tooth elongated, internal tooth truncate with apex subquadrangular.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFE1A4A660B07FAE8" box="[472,590,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
|
: Prominence moderately high, bifurcated, apex with 2 small, subparallel horns, curving downward (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC2F77AFDC64A410B13FAC8" box="[516,602,1315,1339]" captionStart="Figure 46-49" captionStartId="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[239,1403,277,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[192,1447,191,1362]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 46-49. Megaceras crassum. 46) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 47) Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm). 48) Parameres frontal view. 49) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
|
). Surface almost smooth, opaque, with sparse punctures, lateral margins with a band of spaced rugae, rugae connected to
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFC904A210D59FAA8" box="[850,1040,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">areola apposita</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFBDC4A210C44FAA8" authority=": Smooth" authorityName="Smooth" box="[1054,1293,1347,1371]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFBDC4A210DD5FAA8" box="[1054,1180,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Scutellum</emphasis>
|
|
: Smooth
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, triangular, apex rounded.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFEB54A01088FFA88" box="[375,454,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Elytra</emphasis>
|
|
: Smooth or with micropunctures. Sutural stria impressed, wrinkled.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFAE24A010856FA68" authority=": Surface" authorityName="Surface" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Pygidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFAE24A010CD1FA88" box="[1312,1432,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pygidium</emphasis>
|
|
: Surface
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
punctate to finely punctate. Base with a band of long setae. Lateral angles finely rugose. In lateral view, surface convex.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFDD74AC60B02FA48" box="[533,587,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
: Protibia tridentate. Apex of posterior tibia with a spur. First tarsomere of posterior tarsus triangular, apex extend into long spine.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFC6B4AA60AB3FA28" box="[937,1018,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Venter</emphasis>
|
|
: Prosternal process high, slightly convex, apex rounded.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFE114A860B1EFA08" box="[467,599,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Parameres</emphasis>
|
|
: Circular, sides strongly curved, apex slightly curved (
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC2F77AFB284A810C21FA08" box="[1258,1384,1507,1531]" captionStart="Figure 46-49" captionStartId="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" captionTargetBox="[239,1403,277,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[192,1447,191,1362]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 46-49. Megaceras crassum. 46) Male head and pronotum (lateral view). 47) Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm). 48) Parameres frontal view. 49) Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Fig. 48-49</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF3249610AD9F9A8" blockId="29.[192,1440,1091,1627]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF3249610820F9E8" bold="true" box="[240,361,1539,1563]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Females.</emphasis>
|
|
As males except in the following respects:
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFCA249610AE8F9E8" box="[864,929,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: Frons with single, strong, conical tubercle at middle, surface rugose.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFDC849460BCCF9C8" box="[522,645,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
|
: Surface smooth, 2 strong, acuminate tubercles behind anterior margin, with a slight furrow between them, sides punctate.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F77AFF0249E10853F908" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF0249E10853F908" blockId="29.[192,1440,1667,1787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF0249E10838F968" bold="true" box="[192,369,1667,1691]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">DIAGNOSIS.</emphasis>
|
|
Adults of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFE3349E60BC8F968" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[497,641,1668,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFE3349E60BC8F968" box="[497,641,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">M. crassum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can usually be recognized by the small size of the body, horns of pronotum parallel to subparallel, and the circular form of parameres. Males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFB6249C60C78F948" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[1184,1329,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFB6249C60C78F948" box="[1184,1329,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">M. crassum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
could be confused with the males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFDD249A60BF5F928" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[528,700,1731,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevipenne">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFDD249A60BF5F928" box="[528,700,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">M. laevipenne</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and only the form of the parameres can separate these two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC2F779FF0248410D25F951" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC2F77AFF0248410B59F888" blockId="29.[192,1440,1827,1915]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFF02484108E1F8C8" bold="true" box="[192,424,1827,1851]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC2F77AFE7248460BE8F8C8" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[432,673,1828,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC2F77AFE7248460BE8F8C8" box="[432,673,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Megaceras crassum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFC2F77AFC0C48410D70F8C8" box="[974,1081,1827,1851]" name="Ecuador" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFC2F77AFB8648460DCBF8C8" box="[1092,1154,1828,1851]" name="Peru" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFC2F77AFB4D48410C4EF8C8" box="[1167,1287,1827,1851]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFC2F77AFAD048410C23F8C8" box="[1298,1386,1827,1851]" name="Bolivia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F342EB8FFFC2F77AFEF0482108C9F8A8" box="[306,384,1859,1883]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
. The specimens listed below from Amazonas and Pará states represent NEW RECORDS from the Brazilian Amazon.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF2AFB97FFC1F779FF7D4A3E0DDDFA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352478/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" startId="30.[191,275,1372,1394]" targetBox="[239,1403,277,1349]" targetPageId="30">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC1F779FF7D4A3E0DDDFA7D" blockId="30.[191,1433,1371,1423]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FF7D4A3E0817FA82" bold="true" box="[191,350,1372,1394]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Figure 46-49.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC1F779FEA14A3E0B73FA82" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[355,570,1372,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FEA14A3E0B73FA82" box="[355,570,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Megaceras crassum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FD874A390B23FA82" bold="true" box="[581,618,1371,1393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">46)</emphasis>
|
|
Male head and pronotum (lateral view).
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FBE54A390D05FA82" bold="true" box="[1063,1100,1371,1393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">47)</emphasis>
|
|
Male head (dorsal view) (scale line: 5 mm).
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FE8E4A1A0838FA7D" bold="true" box="[332,369,1400,1422]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">48)</emphasis>
|
|
Parameres frontal view.
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FD4C4A1A0BFAFA7D" bold="true" box="[654,691,1400,1422]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">49)</emphasis>
|
|
Parameres lateral view (scale line: 2 mm).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC1F779FF024AA80B9BF9F1" blockId="30.[192,1440,1482,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFC1F779FF024AA808AEF9F1" collectionCode="LOCALITY, RECORDS" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="6">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FF024AA808BFFA11" bold="true" box="[192,502,1482,1506]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4433DAFFC1F779FF024AA808B8FA11" box="[192,497,1482,1506]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">LOCALITY RECORDS</collectionCode>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="136EB79AFFC1F779FDC74AA80B11FA11" box="[517,600,1482,1506]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="31.[190,274,1108,1130]" captionTargetBox="[204,1427,205,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-289@31.[189,1444,195,1083]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 50. Distribution of Megaceras crassum in Brazilian Amazonia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352480/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFC1F779FDA44AA90BB1FA11" box="[614,760,1482,1506]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
examined (
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFC1F779FC414AA80AABFA11" box="[899,994,1482,1506]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D536096FFC1F779FC2F4AA80D1DFA11" box="[1005,1108,1482,1506]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
|
) Specimens were seen from the following collections
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
: MZSP and UNSM.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC1F779FF0249480808F991" blockId="30.[192,1440,1577,1634]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B3DA142FFC1F779FF0249480C54F9B1" box="[192,1309,1578,1602]" collectorName="Serra dos Porcos" location="Rio Javari" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFC1F779FF0249480816F9B1" box="[192,351,1578,1602]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">AMAZONAS</collectingRegion>
|
|
(6): Benjamin Constant (
|
|
<location id="8E8AFDC4FFC1F779FD4C49480A59F9B1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC1A09FFC2F779FF024CE60853F891:8E8AFDC4FFC1F779FD4C49480A59F9B1" box="[654,784,1578,1602]" name="Rio Javari" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Amazonas">Rio Javarí</location>
|
|
); Hupda Maku (
|
|
<collectorName id="26A0CEC9FFC1F779FC1149480DE8F9B1" box="[979,1185,1578,1602]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Serra dos Porcos</collectorName>
|
|
), Taracuá
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFC1F779FAE5494B0C3AF9B0" box="[1319,1395,1577,1603]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">PARÁ</collectingRegion>
|
|
(1): Cachimbo.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC1F779FF0249E80D25F951" blockId="30.[192,1132,1674,1699]" box="[192,1132,1674,1699]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FF0249E80B1AF951" bold="true" box="[192,595,1674,1698]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION.</emphasis>
|
|
June (2), July (2), August (1), September (1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C34FF894FFC1F779FF0249A80853F891" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEAAB1FFFC1F779FF0249A80853F891" blockId="30.[192,1440,1738,1890]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FF0249A80807F911" bold="true" box="[192,334,1738,1762]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">BIOLOGY.</emphasis>
|
|
Little is known about the life history of this species. According to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4D6EEFFC1F779FB8A49A80DB9F911" author="Dufour, D. L." box="[1096,1264,1738,1762]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" pagination="383 - 397" refId="ref24761" refString="Dufour, D. L. 1987. Insects as food: a case study from the northwest Amazon. American Anthropologist 89: 383 - 397." type="journal article" year="1987">Dufour (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the Tukanoan Indians of the northwest Amazon in the Colombian
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499165FDFFC1F779FCE049890A84F8F1" box="[802,973,1770,1794]" country="Colombia" name="Vaupes" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Vaupes region</collectingRegion>
|
|
eat the larvae of
|
|
<emphasis id="B921770DFFC1F779FB5449890C61F8F1" box="[1174,1320,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C55D09CFFC1F779FB5449890C6AF8F1" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1914" box="[1174,1315,1771,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Megaceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassum">M. crassum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and these are preferred over the adults. In Brazilian Amazonia, this species has been collected from semi-humid ombrophilous forests and areas of seasonal whitewater inundation forest (várzea) at elevations of 60-400 meters.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |